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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns → Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns → Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns</div>


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As a Persian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am delighted to walk you through the eighth lesson of the "Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course." In this lesson, we will learn about direct object pronouns, one of the essentials of Persian grammar that will help you speak more fluently and efficiently.
In this lesson, you will learn how to use direct object pronouns in Persian to replace and avoid repeating the noun in a sentence. Direct object pronouns are used to refer to the person or thing that receives the action of the verb directly. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course" and is suitable for complete beginners who want to reach the A1 level in Persian.
 


<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/How-to-say-goodbye|How to say goodbye]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Persian-Grammar|Persian Grammar]].</span>
== What are Direct Object Pronouns? ==
== Direct Object Pronouns ==
Direct object pronouns are words that replace nouns as the object of a sentence. They are used to avoid repeating the noun and make sentences more concise. In Persian, direct object pronouns come before the verb and agree in number and gender with the noun they replace.


In Persian, a direct object is a noun or a pronoun that receives an action directly from the verb. To avoid repeating the noun, we can use direct object pronouns. Here are the direct object pronouns in Persian:
== Forms of Direct Object Pronouns ==
In Persian, there are different forms of direct object pronouns depending on the gender and number of the noun they replace. The forms are as follows:


=== Singular Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| مرا || /mærɑː/ || me
| من || man || me
|-
|-
| تو را || /tuː rɑː/ || you (singular)
| تو || to || you (singular)
|-
|-
| او را || /uː rɑː/ || him/her/it
| او || u || him/her/it
|}
=== Plural Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ما را || /mɑː rɑː/ || us
| ما || mâ || us
|-
|-
| شما را || /ʃomɑː rɑː/ || you (plural)
| شما || shomâ || you (plural)
|-
|-
| آن‌ها را || /ɒn-hɑː rɑː/ || them
| آنها || ânhâ || them
|}
|}


For instance, instead of saying "من کتاب را می‌خوانم" (man ketâb râ mikhanam) meaning "I am reading the book," we can use the direct object pronoun "آن را" (ânrâ) to say "من آن را می‌خوانم" (man ânrâ mikhanam) meaning "I am reading it."
== Using Direct Object Pronouns in Sentences ==
To use direct object pronouns in Persian sentences, simply replace the noun with the appropriate pronoun. Here are some examples:
 
=== Example 1 ===
* Noun: کتاب (ketâb) - book
* Sentence: من کتاب می‌خوانم. (Man ketâb mikhanam.) - I am reading a book.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun: من آن را می‌خوانم. (Man ân râ mikhanam.) - I am reading it.


== Placement of Direct Object Pronouns ==
=== Example 2 ===
* Noun: ماشین (mâshin) - car
* Sentence: تو ماشین داری. (To mâshin dâri.) - You have a car.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun: تو آن را داری. (To ân râ dâri.) - You have it.


In Persian, direct object pronouns usually come right before the verb. Here are some examples:
=== Example 3 ===
* Noun: سیب (sib) - apple
* Sentence: او سیب می‌خورد. (U sib mikhord.) - He/She is eating an apple.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun: او آن را می‌خورد. (U ân râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating it.


* "من میوه را می‌خورم" (man meyve râ mikhuram) meaning "I eat the fruit" changes into "من آن را می‌خورم" (man ânrâ mikhuram) meaning "I eat it."
== Position of Direct Object Pronouns ==
* "تو کتاب را داری؟" (to ketâb râ dâri?) meaning "Do you have the book?" changes into "تو آن را داری؟" (to ânrâ dâri?) meaning "Do you have it?"
In Persian, direct object pronouns usually come before the verb in the sentence. However, in informal speech, they can also come after the verb. Here are some examples:
* "او خبرنگار‌ها را می‌بیند" (u khabarnegâr-hâ râ mibinad) meaning "He sees the reporters" changes into "او آن‌ها را می‌بیند" (u ânhâ râ mibinad) meaning "He sees them."


== Practice ==
=== Example 1 ===
* Noun: کتاب (ketâb) - book
* Sentence: من کتاب را می‌خوانم. (Man ketâb râ mikhanam.) - I am reading the book.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun before the verb: من آن را می‌خوانم. (Man ân râ mikhanam.) - I am reading it.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun after the verb (informal): من می‌خوانمش. (Man mikhanamesh.) - I am reading it.


Let's practice some more direct object pronouns with simple sentences:
=== Example 2 ===
* Noun: ماشین (mâshin) - car
* Sentence: تو ماشین را داری. (To mâshin râ dâri.) - You have the car.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun before the verb: تو آن را داری. (To ân râ dâri.) - You have it.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun after the verb (informal): تو داریش. (To dârishe.) - You have it.


* "من پنجه‌هایم را می‌شمارم" (man panjehâyam râ mishomâram) meaning "I count my fingers" changes into "من آن‌ها را می‌شمارم" (man ânhâ râ mishomâram) meaning "I count them."
=== Example 3 ===
* "تو دونفر را می‌شناسی" (to do-nafar râ mishenâsi) meaning "You know two people" changes into "تو آن‌ها را می‌شناسی" (to ânhâ râ mishenâsi) meaning "You know them."
* Noun: سیب (sib) - apple
* "او هریون را انتخاب کرد" (u haryun râ entekhâb kard) meaning "He chose Harry" changes into "او را انتخاب کرد" (u râ entekhâb kard) meaning "He chose him."
* Sentence: او سیب را می‌خورد. (U sib râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating the apple.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun before the verb: او آن را می‌خورد. (U ân râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating it.
* Sentence with direct object pronoun after the verb (informal): او می‌خوردش. (U mikhordesh.) - He/She is eating it.


== Tips ==
== Practice Exercise ==
Now, let's practice using direct object pronouns in Persian sentences. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronoun.


* To understand whether you need to use a direct object pronoun, ask yourself what receives the action directly from the verb.
1. من کتاب‌ها را می‌خوانم. (Man ketâbhâ râ mikhanam.) - I am reading the books.
* Remember that direct object pronouns come before the verb in Persian.
2. تو ماشین‌ها را داری. (To mâshinhâ râ dâri.) - You have the cars.
3. او سیب‌ها را می‌خورد. (U sibhâ râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating the apples.


== Sources ==
Now, replace the nouns with direct object pronouns in the sentences.
* [https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C ضمیر موصولی]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_indirect_objects Direct and indirect objects]


{{#seo:
1. من ___ می‌خوانم.
|title=Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns → Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns
2. تو ___ داری.
|keywords=Iranian Persian, grammar, object pronouns, direct object pronouns, Persian grammar
3. او ___ می‌خورد.
|description=Learn about direct object pronouns in Persian grammar, their usage, and tips to use them in sentences in Lesson 8 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course."
 
}}
== Summary ==
In this lesson, you learned how to use direct object pronouns in Persian to replace and avoid repeating the noun in a sentence. Direct object pronouns come before the verb and agree in number and gender with the noun they replace. You also learned about the position of direct object pronouns in Persian sentences. Make sure to practice using direct object pronouns to reinforce your learning.


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Singular-and-Plurals-in-Persian|Singular and Plurals in Persian]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Singular-and-Plurals-in-Persian|Singular and Plurals in Persian]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Negations|Negations]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Negations|Negations]]


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Revision as of 01:48, 17 June 2023

◀️ Lesson 7: Talking about others' daily routines — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 9: Possessive pronouns ▶️

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns → Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns

In this lesson, you will learn how to use direct object pronouns in Persian to replace and avoid repeating the noun in a sentence. Direct object pronouns are used to refer to the person or thing that receives the action of the verb directly. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course" and is suitable for complete beginners who want to reach the A1 level in Persian.

What are Direct Object Pronouns?

Direct object pronouns are words that replace nouns as the object of a sentence. They are used to avoid repeating the noun and make sentences more concise. In Persian, direct object pronouns come before the verb and agree in number and gender with the noun they replace.

Forms of Direct Object Pronouns

In Persian, there are different forms of direct object pronouns depending on the gender and number of the noun they replace. The forms are as follows:

Singular Pronouns

Persian Pronunciation English
من man me
تو to you (singular)
او u him/her/it

Plural Pronouns

Persian Pronunciation English
ما mâ us
شما shomâ you (plural)
آنها ânhâ them

Using Direct Object Pronouns in Sentences

To use direct object pronouns in Persian sentences, simply replace the noun with the appropriate pronoun. Here are some examples:

Example 1

  • Noun: کتاب (ketâb) - book
  • Sentence: من کتاب می‌خوانم. (Man ketâb mikhanam.) - I am reading a book.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun: من آن را می‌خوانم. (Man ân râ mikhanam.) - I am reading it.

Example 2

  • Noun: ماشین (mâshin) - car
  • Sentence: تو ماشین داری. (To mâshin dâri.) - You have a car.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun: تو آن را داری. (To ân râ dâri.) - You have it.

Example 3

  • Noun: سیب (sib) - apple
  • Sentence: او سیب می‌خورد. (U sib mikhord.) - He/She is eating an apple.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun: او آن را می‌خورد. (U ân râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating it.

Position of Direct Object Pronouns

In Persian, direct object pronouns usually come before the verb in the sentence. However, in informal speech, they can also come after the verb. Here are some examples:

Example 1

  • Noun: کتاب (ketâb) - book
  • Sentence: من کتاب را می‌خوانم. (Man ketâb râ mikhanam.) - I am reading the book.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun before the verb: من آن را می‌خوانم. (Man ân râ mikhanam.) - I am reading it.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun after the verb (informal): من می‌خوانمش. (Man mikhanamesh.) - I am reading it.

Example 2

  • Noun: ماشین (mâshin) - car
  • Sentence: تو ماشین را داری. (To mâshin râ dâri.) - You have the car.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun before the verb: تو آن را داری. (To ân râ dâri.) - You have it.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun after the verb (informal): تو داریش. (To dârishe.) - You have it.

Example 3

  • Noun: سیب (sib) - apple
  • Sentence: او سیب را می‌خورد. (U sib râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating the apple.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun before the verb: او آن را می‌خورد. (U ân râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating it.
  • Sentence with direct object pronoun after the verb (informal): او می‌خوردش. (U mikhordesh.) - He/She is eating it.

Practice Exercise

Now, let's practice using direct object pronouns in Persian sentences. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronoun.

1. من کتاب‌ها را می‌خوانم. (Man ketâbhâ râ mikhanam.) - I am reading the books. 2. تو ماشین‌ها را داری. (To mâshinhâ râ dâri.) - You have the cars. 3. او سیب‌ها را می‌خورد. (U sibhâ râ mikhord.) - He/She is eating the apples.

Now, replace the nouns with direct object pronouns in the sentences.

1. من ___ می‌خوانم. 2. تو ___ داری. 3. او ___ می‌خورد.

Summary

In this lesson, you learned how to use direct object pronouns in Persian to replace and avoid repeating the noun in a sentence. Direct object pronouns come before the verb and agree in number and gender with the noun they replace. You also learned about the position of direct object pronouns in Persian sentences. Make sure to practice using direct object pronouns to reinforce your learning.

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1


Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions


Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation


Unit 3: Talking about daily routines


Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns


Unit 5: Persian culture and customs


Unit 6: Food and drink


Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation


Unit 8: Persian literature and arts


Unit 9: Travel and transportation


Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences


Unit 11: Persian history and geography


Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment



Other Lessons



◀️ Lesson 7: Talking about others' daily routines — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 9: Possessive pronouns ▶️

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