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{{Malayalam-Page-Top}}
{{Malayalam-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Malayalam|Malayalam]]  → [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Malayalam Script → Basic Letters</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Malayalam|Malayalam]]  → [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Letters</div>
 
Welcome to the fascinating world of Malayalam! In this lesson, we will embark on an exciting journey to explore the '''14 basic letters''' of the Malayalam alphabet. These letters are the building blocks of the language, essential for forming words and sentences. Understanding these letters will not only help you read and write Malayalam but will also enhance your ability to communicate effectively.
 
Learning a new script can be daunting, especially for English speakers, but fear not! With a little practice and patience, you will find that mastering these letters is not only possible but also enjoyable. We will begin by introducing each letter, its pronunciation, and its corresponding English sounds. Following that, we will dive into exercises and examples to solidify your understanding. By the end of this lesson, you'll be well on your way to recognizing and writing these fundamental letters confidently.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== The Importance of Basic Letters ===
 
Understanding the basic letters of Malayalam is crucial for several reasons:
 
* '''Foundation for Reading and Writing''': These letters form the basis for constructing words, which are essential for reading and writing.
 
* '''Communication Skills''': Knowing these letters improves your pronunciation and helps you communicate more effectively.
 
* '''Cultural Insight''': The script reflects the rich culture and heritage of Kerala, making your learning experience more enriching.
 
=== Overview of the 14 Basic Letters ===
 
The 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet are consonants, and they are as follows:
 
1. ക (ka)
 
2. ഖ (kha)
 
3. ഗ (ga)
 
4. ഘ (gha)
 
5. ങ (nga)
 
6. ച (cha)
 
7. ഛ (chha)
 
8. ജ (ja)
 
9. ഝ (jha)
 
10. ഞ (nya)
 
11. ട (ṭa)
 
12. ഠ (ṭha)
 
13. ഡ (ḍa)
 
14. ഢ (ḍha)
 
In this lesson, we will explore each letter in detail, including their sounds and examples. Let's dive in!
 
== Exploring Each Letter ==
 
=== Letter 1: ക (ka) ===
 
The first letter of the Malayalam alphabet is '''ക'''. It is pronounced as /kə/ in IPA.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ക || /kə/ || ka
 
|-
 
| കമൽ || /kəmaɭ/ || lotus
 
|-
 
| കുക്കു || /kukku/ || cuckoo
 
|-
 
| കത്തി || /katti/ || knife
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': The letter '''ക''' is often used at the beginning of words. For example, "കൃഷി" (krishi) means agriculture.
 
=== Letter 2: ഖ (kha) ===
 
Next, we have '''ഖ''', pronounced as /kʰa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ഖ || /kʰa/ || kha
 
|-
 
| ഖരാ || /kʰaɾa/ || bitter
 
|-
 
| ഖഗൻ || /kʰaɡan/ || one who is strong
 
|-
 
| ഖാണി || /kʰa:ni/ || a place to reside
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': This letter typically appears in words that convey a sense of intensity or emphasis.
 
=== Letter 3: ഗ (ga) ===
 
The letter '''ഗ''' is pronounced as /ɡa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ഗ || /ɡa/ || ga
 
|-
 
| ഗന്ധം || /ɡaŋdʰam/ || fragrance
 
|-
 
| ഗജൻ || /ɡaʤan/ || elephant
 
|-
 
| ഗതി || /ɡati/ || direction
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': '''ഗ''' is frequently found in words related to nature and animals.
 
=== Letter 4: ഘ (gha) ===
 
Next, we have '''ഘ''', pronounced as /ɡʰa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ഘ || /ɡʰa/ || gha
 
|-
 
| ഘടകം || /ɡʰaṭakaɱ/ || component
 
|-
 
| ഘനം || /ɡʰanaɱ/ || density
 
|-
 
| ഘോഷം || /ɡʰoʃaɱ/ || sound
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': This letter often appears in technical or scientific terms.
 
=== Letter 5: ങ (nga) ===
 
The letter '''ങ''' is pronounced as /ŋa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ങ || /ŋa/ || nga
 
|-
 
| ങ്ങലു || /ŋŋalu/ || a type of fish
 
|-
 
| ങ്കം || /ŋkaɱ/ || a particular kind


Welcome to the lesson on Basic Letters of the Malayalam alphabet! In this lesson, you will learn and practice writing and identifying the 14 basic letters of the Malayalam script. Mastering these letters is crucial for developing a strong foundation in reading and writing Malayalam. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently recognize and write each of these letters.
|-


The Malayalam script is derived from the ancient Brahmi script and is used to write the Malayalam language, which is primarily spoken in the Indian state of Kerala. It has a unique and beautiful writing system with a total of 54 letters, including consonants, vowels, and vowel modifiers. These letters are organized into different classes based on their phonetic properties.
| ങ്ഗം || /ŋɡaɱ/ || sound


Let's begin our journey by exploring the basic letters of the Malayalam script!
|}


== The Basic Letters ==
* '''Usage''': '''ങ''' is commonly used in words referring to sounds or specific identifiers.


The Malayalam script consists of 14 basic letters, which are also known as "Swarams" or "Vowels." These letters represent individual vowel sounds in the Malayalam language. It is essential to familiarize yourself with these basic letters before moving on to more complex aspects of the script. Let's take a closer look at each of these letters and their pronunciation.
=== Letter 6: ച (cha) ===


=== Table of Basic Letters ===
Next is '''ച''', pronounced as /tʃa/.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| അ || a || A
 
| ച || /tʃa/ || cha
 
|-
|-
| ആ || ā || AA
 
| ചന്ദനം || /tʃandanaɱ/ || sandalwood
 
|-
|-
| ഇ || i || I
 
| ചക്ക || /tʃakka/ || jackfruit
 
|-
|-
| ഈ || ī || EE
 
| ചിന്തി || /tʃinthi/ || thought
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': This letter often appears in words related to nature and traditional items.
 
=== Letter 7: ഛ (chha) ===
 
The letter '''ഛ''' is pronounced as /tʃʰa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ഛ || /tʃʰa/ || chha
 
|-
 
| ഛായ || /tʃʰa:ja/ || shadow
 
|-
|-
| ഉ || u || U
 
| ഛാക്കു || /tʃʰaːkku/ || to crack
 
|-
|-
| ഊ || ū || OO
 
| ഛിരി || /tʃʰiri/ || smile
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': This letter is often used in expressive terms or adjectives.
 
=== Letter 8: ജ (ja) ===
 
Next, we have '''ജ''', pronounced as /dʒa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ഋ || r̥ || RU
 
| ജ || /dʒa/ || ja
 
|-
|-
| എ || e || E
 
| ജലം || /dʒaɭaɱ/ || water
 
|-
|-
| ഏ || ē || AI
 
| ജയി || /dʒayi/ || winner
 
|-
|-
| ഐ || ai || OI
 
| ജാതി || /dʒa:ti/ || caste
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': The letter '''ജ''' appears in various contexts, including geography and social terms.
 
=== Letter 9: ഝ (jha) ===
 
The letter '''ഝ''' is pronounced as /dʒʰa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ഒ || o || O
 
| ഝ || /dʒʰa/ || jha
 
|-
|-
| ഓ || ō || AU
 
| ഝാക്കാൻ || /dʒʰaːkɨn/ || to glow
 
|-
|-
| ഔ || au || OW
 
| ഝരിയ || /dʒʰaɾiya/ || to drip
 
|-
|-
| അം || aṁ || AN
 
| ഝലകം || /dʒʰalakaɱ/ || shine
 
|}
|}


Now, let's dive into each of these letters and understand their pronunciation and usage in more detail.
* '''Usage''': Generally found in words that convey brightness or luminosity.


=== The Letter അ (a) ===
=== Letter 10: ഞ (nya) ===


The first letter in the Malayalam alphabet is അ (a). It represents the short vowel sound "a" as in "apple." The pronunciation of this letter is relatively straightforward. It is important to note that the sound represented by അ (a) is inherent in every consonant in Malayalam. It serves as the default vowel sound if no other vowel is attached to a consonant. For example, the word "കട" (kaṭa) means "knife" in Malayalam. Here, the letter ക (ka) represents the consonant "k," and the inherent vowel sound is അ (a).
The letter '''ഞ''' is pronounced as /ɲa/.


=== The Letter ആ (ā) ===
{| class="wikitable"


The second letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ആ (ā). It represents the long vowel sound "aa" as in "father." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "a" in "car." For example, the word "മാമ" (māma) means "uncle" in Malayalam. Here, the letter മ (ma) represents the consonant "m," and the vowel ആ (ā) is attached to it, producing the long vowel sound.
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English


=== The Letter ഇ (i) ===
|-


The third letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഇ (i). It represents the short vowel sound "i" as in "sit." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "i" in "bin." For example, the word "പിടി" (piṭi) means "catch" in Malayalam. Here, the letter പ (pi) represents the consonant "p," and the vowel ഇ (i) is attached to it, producing the short vowel sound.
| ഞ || /ɲa/ || nya


=== The Letter ഈ (ī) ===
|-


The fourth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഈ (ī). It represents the long vowel sound "ee" as in "see." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "e" in "bee." For example, the word "പീലി" (pīli) means "tiger" in Malayalam. Here, the letter പ (pi) represents the consonant "p," and the vowel ഈ (ī) is attached to it, producing the long vowel sound.
| ഞായർ || /ɲa:jaɾ/ || Sunday


=== The Letter ഉ (u) ===
|-


The fifth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഉ (u). It represents the short vowel sound "u" as in "put." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "u" in "hut." For example, the word "പുലി" (puli) means "tiger" in Malayalam. Here, the letter പ (pu) represents the consonant "p," and the vowel ഉ (u) is attached to it, producing the short vowel sound.
| ഞൊടിയൻ || /ɲoʈi̯jaɳ/ || moment


=== The Letter ഊ (ū) ===
|-


The sixth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഊ (ū). It represents the long vowel sound "oo" as in "boot." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "oo" in "moon." For example, the word "മൂക്ക്" (mūkku) means "nose" in Malayalam. Here, the letter മ (mu) represents the consonant "m," and the vowel ഊ (ū) is attached to it, producing the long vowel sound.
| ഞായർ || /ɲa:jaɾ/ || Sunday


=== The Letter ഋ (r̥) ===
|}


The seventh letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഋ (r̥). It represents the vowel sound "ru" with an inherent "r" sound. The pronunciation of this letter is unique to the Malayalam language. It does not have an exact equivalent in English. The closest approximation is the vowel sound "ru" in "rude." For example, the word "കൃഷി" (kṛṣi) means "agriculture" in Malayalam. Here, the letter ക (k) represents the consonant "k," and the vowel ഋ (r̥) is attached to it, producing the vowel sound "ru."
* '''Usage''': This letter often appears in terms related to days and time.


=== The Letter എ (e) ===
=== Letter 11: ട (ṭa) ===


The eighth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is എ (e). It represents the short vowel sound "e" as in "pet." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "e" in "bed." For example, the word "എണ്ണ" (eṇṇa) means "oil" in Malayalam. Here, the letter എ (e) represents the vowel sound "e" attached to the consonant ണ്ണ (ṇṇ).
The letter '''ട''' is pronounced as /ʈa/.


=== The Letter ഏ (ē) ===
{| class="wikitable"


The ninth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഏ (ē). It represents the long vowel sound "ai" as in "bait." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "a" in "gate." For example, the word "പോലീസ്" (pōlīs) means "police" in Malayalam. Here, the letter പ (po) represents the consonant "p," and the vowel ഏ (ē) is attached to it, producing the long vowel sound.
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English


=== The Letter ഐ (ai) ===
|-


The tenth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഐ (ai). It represents the vowel sound "oi" with an inherent "a" sound. The pronunciation of this letter is unique to the Malayalam language. It does not have an exact equivalent in English. The closest approximation is the vowel sound "oi" in "boil." For example, the word "മൈത്രി" (maitri) means "friendship" in Malayalam. Here, the letter മ (mai) represents the consonant "m," and the vowel ഐ (ai) is attached to it, producing the vowel sound "oi."
| ട || /ʈa/ || ṭa


=== The Letter ഒ (o) ===
|-


The eleventh letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഒ (o). It represents the short vowel sound "o" as in "cot." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "o" in "hot." For example, the word "കൊടുക്ക്" (koṭukku) means "give" in Malayalam. Here, the letter ക (ko) represents the consonant "k," and the vowel ഒ (o) is attached to it, producing the short vowel sound.
| ടക്കാരൻ || /ʈaɡaːɾaɳ/ || a person involved in an activity


=== The Letter ഓ (ō) ===
|-


The twelfth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഓ (ō). It represents the long vowel sound "au" as in "caught." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "o" in "bore." For example, the word "കോട്" (kōṭ) means "fort" in Malayalam. Here, the letter ക (ko) represents the consonant "k," and the vowel ഓ (ō) is attached to it, producing the long vowel sound.
| ടമാൽ || /ʈaːmaɭ/ || a type of sweet
 
|-
 
| ടവിൽ || /ʈaʋil/ || in the field
 
|}


=== The Letter ഔ (au) ===
* '''Usage''': Commonly found in words that represent people or roles.


The thirteenth letter in the Malayalam alphabet is ഔ (au). It represents the vowel sound "ow" with an inherent "a" sound. The pronunciation of this letter is unique to the Malayalam language. It does not have an exact equivalent in English. The closest approximation is the vowel sound "ow" in "cow." For example, the word "പൗരത്വം" (pauratvam) means "citizenship" in Malayalam. Here, the letter പ (pau) represents the consonant "p," and the vowel ഔ (au) is attached to it, producing the vowel sound "ow."
=== Letter 12: ഠ (ṭha) ===


=== The Letter അം (aṁ) ===
The letter '''ഠ''' is pronounced as /ʈʰa/.


The fourteenth and final basic letter in the Malayalam alphabet is അം (aṁ). It represents the nasal sound "an" as in "pan." The pronunciation of this letter is similar to the English letter "a" in "band." For example, the word "പിതാവ്" (pitāv) means "father" in Malayalam. Here, the letter പ (pi) represents the consonant "p," and the vowel അം (aṁ) is attached to it, producing the nasal sound.
{| class="wikitable"


Congratulations! You have now learned the 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet. Take some time to practice writing and pronouncing each of these letters. Familiarize yourself with their shapes and sounds to strengthen your understanding of the Malayalam script.
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English


== Cultural Insights ==
|-


The Malayalam script holds immense cultural significance in the state of Kerala. It is not only a mode of communication but also a reflection of the rich literary and artistic traditions of the region. The script has a history dating back to the 9th century and has evolved over time to become the beautiful script we see today.
| ഠ || /ʈʰa/ || ṭha


One interesting cultural aspect of the Malayalam script is the use of conjunct consonants, which we will explore in the next lesson. Conjunct consonants are combinations of two or more consonants that merge together to form a single character. This feature is unique to the Malayalam script and adds complexity and depth to the written language.
|-


Kerala, often referred to as "God's Own Country," is known for its natural beauty, backwaters, and lush green landscapes. It is also home to a vibrant cultural scene, with various art forms and festivals celebrated throughout the year. The Malayalam language and script play a vital role in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of Kerala.
| ഠാക്കൻ || /ʈʰaːkɨn/ || to make


== Practice Exercises ==
|-


Now that you have learned the 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet, it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are a few exercises to help you reinforce what you've learned:
| ഠർമ്മം || /ʈʰaɾmaɱ/ || duty


Exercise 1: Writing Practice
|-
Write each of the basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet ten times. Pay attention to the shape and stroke order of each letter.


Exercise 2: Identification
| ഠോലൻ || /ʈʰoːlan/ || to roll
Given a list of Malayalam words, identify and underline the basic letter in each word. For example, if the word is "പില്ല" (pilla), you should underline the letter ഇ (i).


Exercise 3: Reading Comprehension
|}
Read a passage in Malayalam that includes words with the basic letters. Practice reading the passage aloud and try to identify the basic letters as you go along.


Exercise 4: Word Formation
* '''Usage''': Frequently appears in words that denote actions or responsibilities.
Using the basic letters, create five Malayalam words of your own. Write the words and their English translations.


== Solutions ==
=== Letter 13: ഡ (ḍa) ===


Exercise 1: Writing Practice
The letter '''ഡ''' is pronounced as /ɖa/.
Take a look at the following table for the correct shape and stroke order of each letter:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Letter !! Shape !! Stroke Order
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| അ || ||  
 
| ഡ || /ɖa/ || ḍa
 
|-
|-
| ആ || ||  
 
| ഡമർ || /ɖaɳaɾ/ || dull
 
|-
|-
| ഇ || ||  
 
| ഡമ്പു || /ɖaːmba/ || a type of sweet
 
|-
|-
| ഈ || ||  
 
| ഡപ്പൻ || /ɖaːpaɳ/ || a type of instrument
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': This letter is often found in culinary terms or descriptions of tastes.
 
=== Letter 14: ഢ (ḍha) ===
 
Finally, we have '''ഢ''', pronounced as /ɖʰa/.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ഉ || ||  
 
| ഢ || /ɖʰa/ || ḍha
 
|-
 
| ഢർമ്മം || /ɖʰaɾmaɱ/ || righteousness
 
|-
 
| ഢാക്കൻ || /ɖʰaːkɨn/ || to discuss
 
|-
 
| ഢനും || /ɖʰaːnɨ/ || and so on
 
|}
 
* '''Usage''': Commonly found in philosophical terms and discussions.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that you've learned about the 14 basic letters, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some practice exercises for you to complete.
 
=== Exercise 1: Letter Identification ===
 
Match the Malayalam letters with their English pronunciations.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! Pronunciation
 
|-
|-
| ഊ ||  ||  
 
| ക || 1. kha
 
|-
|-
| ഋ ||  ||  
 
| ഖ || 2. ka
 
|-
|-
| എ ||  ||  
 
| ഗ || 3. ga
 
|-
|-
| ഏ ||  ||  
 
| ഘ || 4. gha
 
|-
|-
| ഐ || ||  
 
| ങ || 5. nga
 
|}
 
* '''Solution''':
 
1. ക - 2
 
2. ഖ - 1
 
3. ഗ - 3
 
4. ഘ - 4
 
5. ങ - 5
 
=== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct Malayalam letters.
 
1. _____ (ka) is the first letter.
 
2. _____ (cha) is used in 'ചന്തം' (chandham).
 
3. _____ (ga) is found in 'ഗം' (gam).
 
* '''Solution''':
 
1. ക
 
2. ച
 
3. ഗ
 
=== Exercise 3: Word Formation ===
 
Create a word using the given letters: ക, ങ, and ഛ.
 
* '''Solution''': One possible word is "കാഞ്ചി" (kān̄chi) which means "a type of cup."
 
=== Exercise 4: Letter Sounds ===
 
Listen to the pronunciation of each letter and write them down.
 
* '''Solution''': You can use an audio resource to practice writing the sounds of each letter.
 
=== Exercise 5: Matching Words ===
 
Match the Malayalam words with their English meanings.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malayalam !! English
 
|-
|-
| ഒ ||  ||  
 
| കമൽ || 1. elephant
 
|-
|-
| ഓ ||  ||  
 
| ഗന്ധം || 2. fragrance
 
|-
|-
| ഔ ||  ||  
 
| ജലം || 3. water
 
|-
|-
| അം ||  ||  
 
| ചന്ദനം || 4. sandalwood
 
|}
|}


Exercise 2: Identification
* '''Solution''':
Here are the correct underlined letters for each word:
 
1. കമൽ - 1


1. കാലം (kālam) - ആ (ā)
2. ഗന്ധം - 2
2. സിനിമ (sinima) - ഇ (i)
3. ഉണ്ട് (uṇṭ) - ഉ (u)
4. ഈശ്വരൻ (īśvaraṇ) - ഈ (ī)
5. ഓടുകൂട് (ōṭukūṭ) - ഓ (ō)


Exercise 3: Reading Comprehension
3. ജലം - 3
Read the following passage aloud and try to identify the basic letters as you go along:


"എനിക്ക് ഓട്ടോ പിള്ളകൾ വേണം. അവർ ഇരുപത്തി ആറാണ്."
4. ചന്ദനം - 4


Exercise 4: Word Formation
=== Exercise 6: Pronunciation Practice ===
Here are five Malayalam words using the basic letters:


1. കാലം (kālam) - time
Practice pronouncing the letters and words provided in this lesson.
2. ഉണ്ട് (uṇṭ) - exist
3. ഈശ്വരൻ (īśvaraṇ) - god
4. ഓടുകൂട് (ōṭukūṭ) - vehicle
5. അംഗം (aṁgaṁ) - body


== Conclusion ==
* '''Solution''': Repeat each letter and word after listening to a native speaker.


Congratulations on completing the lesson on Basic Letters of the Malayalam alphabet! You have learned the 14 fundamental letters of the Malayalam script, their pronunciation, and their usage. The ability to recognize and write these letters is essential for building a strong foundation in reading and writing Malayalam.
=== Exercise 7: Sentence Creation ===


In the next lesson, we will explore conjunct consonants, which are combinations of two or more consonants. These conjunct consonants add complexity and beauty to the Malayalam script. Stay curious and keep practicing to become a confident reader and writer of Malayalam!
Use at least three letters learned in this lesson to create a sentence.
 
* '''Solution''': "കമൽ ഒരു ഗന്ധം ഉണ്ട്" (Kaamal oru gandham undu) means "The lotus has a fragrance."
 
=== Exercise 8: Write in Malayalam ===
 
Write the following English words in Malayalam: "water," "sandalwood," "elephant."
 
* '''Solution''':
 
1. water - ജലം
 
2. sandalwood - ചന്ദനം
 
3. elephant - ഗജൻ
 
=== Exercise 9: Identify the Letter ===
 
Look at the following word and identify the letters used: "കൃഷി" (krishi).
 
* '''Solution''': The letters used are ക, ഋ, and ശ.
 
=== Exercise 10: Create a Flashcard ===
 
Create a flashcard for one of the letters learned in this lesson and include its pronunciation and an example word.
 
* '''Solution''': For the letter '''ക''', the flashcard should include:
 
* Letter: ക
 
* Pronunciation: /kə/
 
* Example Word: കമൽ (kamal) - lotus
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on the basic letters of Malayalam! Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep revisiting these letters until they become second nature. Happy learning!


{{#seo:
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|title=Malayalam Grammar → Introduction to Malayalam Script → Basic Letters
 
|keywords=Malayalam grammar, Malayalam script, basic letters, Malayalam alphabet, Malayalam vowels, Malayalam pronunciation
|title=Malayalam Grammar Basics: Learn Letters
|description=In this lesson, you will learn and practice writing and identifying the 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet. The Malayalam script is derived from the ancient Brahmi script and is used to write the Malayalam language, which is primarily spoken in the Indian state of Kerala.
 
|keywords=Malayalam, basic letters, learn Malayalam, Malayalam alphabet, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet, including pronunciation and examples. Engage with exercises to solidify your understanding.
 
}}
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 11:49, 1 August 2024

Next Lesson — Conjunct Consonants ▶️

Malayalam-Language-PolyglotClub calligraphy.jpg
Malayalam → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Letters

Welcome to the fascinating world of Malayalam! In this lesson, we will embark on an exciting journey to explore the 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet. These letters are the building blocks of the language, essential for forming words and sentences. Understanding these letters will not only help you read and write Malayalam but will also enhance your ability to communicate effectively.

Learning a new script can be daunting, especially for English speakers, but fear not! With a little practice and patience, you will find that mastering these letters is not only possible but also enjoyable. We will begin by introducing each letter, its pronunciation, and its corresponding English sounds. Following that, we will dive into exercises and examples to solidify your understanding. By the end of this lesson, you'll be well on your way to recognizing and writing these fundamental letters confidently.

The Importance of Basic Letters[edit | edit source]

Understanding the basic letters of Malayalam is crucial for several reasons:

  • Foundation for Reading and Writing: These letters form the basis for constructing words, which are essential for reading and writing.
  • Communication Skills: Knowing these letters improves your pronunciation and helps you communicate more effectively.
  • Cultural Insight: The script reflects the rich culture and heritage of Kerala, making your learning experience more enriching.

Overview of the 14 Basic Letters[edit | edit source]

The 14 basic letters of the Malayalam alphabet are consonants, and they are as follows:

1. ക (ka)

2. ഖ (kha)

3. ഗ (ga)

4. ഘ (gha)

5. ങ (nga)

6. ച (cha)

7. ഛ (chha)

8. ജ (ja)

9. ഝ (jha)

10. ഞ (nya)

11. ട (ṭa)

12. ഠ (ṭha)

13. ഡ (ḍa)

14. ഢ (ḍha)

In this lesson, we will explore each letter in detail, including their sounds and examples. Let's dive in!

Exploring Each Letter[edit | edit source]

Letter 1: ക (ka)[edit | edit source]

The first letter of the Malayalam alphabet is ക. It is pronounced as /kə/ in IPA.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ക /kə/ ka
കമൽ /kəmaɭ/ lotus
കുക്കു /kukku/ cuckoo
കത്തി /katti/ knife
  • Usage: The letter ക is often used at the beginning of words. For example, "കൃഷി" (krishi) means agriculture.

Letter 2: ഖ (kha)[edit | edit source]

Next, we have ഖ, pronounced as /kʰa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഖ /kʰa/ kha
ഖരാ /kʰaɾa/ bitter
ഖഗൻ /kʰaɡan/ one who is strong
ഖാണി /kʰa:ni/ a place to reside
  • Usage: This letter typically appears in words that convey a sense of intensity or emphasis.

Letter 3: ഗ (ga)[edit | edit source]

The letter ഗ is pronounced as /ɡa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഗ /ɡa/ ga
ഗന്ധം /ɡaŋdʰam/ fragrance
ഗജൻ /ɡaʤan/ elephant
ഗതി /ɡati/ direction
  • Usage: ഗ is frequently found in words related to nature and animals.

Letter 4: ഘ (gha)[edit | edit source]

Next, we have ഘ, pronounced as /ɡʰa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഘ /ɡʰa/ gha
ഘടകം /ɡʰaṭakaɱ/ component
ഘനം /ɡʰanaɱ/ density
ഘോഷം /ɡʰoʃaɱ/ sound
  • Usage: This letter often appears in technical or scientific terms.

Letter 5: ങ (nga)[edit | edit source]

The letter ങ is pronounced as /ŋa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ങ /ŋa/ nga
ങ്ങലു /ŋŋalu/ a type of fish
ങ്കം /ŋkaɱ/ a particular kind
ങ്ഗം /ŋɡaɱ/ sound
  • Usage: ങ is commonly used in words referring to sounds or specific identifiers.

Letter 6: ച (cha)[edit | edit source]

Next is ച, pronounced as /tʃa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ച /tʃa/ cha
ചന്ദനം /tʃandanaɱ/ sandalwood
ചക്ക /tʃakka/ jackfruit
ചിന്തി /tʃinthi/ thought
  • Usage: This letter often appears in words related to nature and traditional items.

Letter 7: ഛ (chha)[edit | edit source]

The letter ഛ is pronounced as /tʃʰa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഛ /tʃʰa/ chha
ഛായ /tʃʰa:ja/ shadow
ഛാക്കു /tʃʰaːkku/ to crack
ഛിരി /tʃʰiri/ smile
  • Usage: This letter is often used in expressive terms or adjectives.

Letter 8: ജ (ja)[edit | edit source]

Next, we have ജ, pronounced as /dʒa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ജ /dʒa/ ja
ജലം /dʒaɭaɱ/ water
ജയി /dʒayi/ winner
ജാതി /dʒa:ti/ caste
  • Usage: The letter ജ appears in various contexts, including geography and social terms.

Letter 9: ഝ (jha)[edit | edit source]

The letter ഝ is pronounced as /dʒʰa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഝ /dʒʰa/ jha
ഝാക്കാൻ /dʒʰaːkɨn/ to glow
ഝരിയ /dʒʰaɾiya/ to drip
ഝലകം /dʒʰalakaɱ/ shine
  • Usage: Generally found in words that convey brightness or luminosity.

Letter 10: ഞ (nya)[edit | edit source]

The letter ഞ is pronounced as /ɲa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഞ /ɲa/ nya
ഞായർ /ɲa:jaɾ/ Sunday
ഞൊടിയൻ /ɲoʈi̯jaɳ/ moment
ഞായർ /ɲa:jaɾ/ Sunday
  • Usage: This letter often appears in terms related to days and time.

Letter 11: ട (ṭa)[edit | edit source]

The letter ട is pronounced as /ʈa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ട /ʈa/ ṭa
ടക്കാരൻ /ʈaɡaːɾaɳ/ a person involved in an activity
ടമാൽ /ʈaːmaɭ/ a type of sweet
ടവിൽ /ʈaʋil/ in the field
  • Usage: Commonly found in words that represent people or roles.

Letter 12: ഠ (ṭha)[edit | edit source]

The letter ഠ is pronounced as /ʈʰa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഠ /ʈʰa/ ṭha
ഠാക്കൻ /ʈʰaːkɨn/ to make
ഠർമ്മം /ʈʰaɾmaɱ/ duty
ഠോലൻ /ʈʰoːlan/ to roll
  • Usage: Frequently appears in words that denote actions or responsibilities.

Letter 13: ഡ (ḍa)[edit | edit source]

The letter ഡ is pronounced as /ɖa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഡ /ɖa/ ḍa
ഡമർ /ɖaɳaɾ/ dull
ഡമ്പു /ɖaːmba/ a type of sweet
ഡപ്പൻ /ɖaːpaɳ/ a type of instrument
  • Usage: This letter is often found in culinary terms or descriptions of tastes.

Letter 14: ഢ (ḍha)[edit | edit source]

Finally, we have ഢ, pronounced as /ɖʰa/.

Malayalam Pronunciation English
ഢ /ɖʰa/ ḍha
ഢർമ്മം /ɖʰaɾmaɱ/ righteousness
ഢാക്കൻ /ɖʰaːkɨn/ to discuss
ഢനും /ɖʰaːnɨ/ and so on
  • Usage: Commonly found in philosophical terms and discussions.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you've learned about the 14 basic letters, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some practice exercises for you to complete.

Exercise 1: Letter Identification[edit | edit source]

Match the Malayalam letters with their English pronunciations.

Malayalam Pronunciation
ക 1. kha
ഖ 2. ka
ഗ 3. ga
ഘ 4. gha
ങ 5. nga
  • Solution:

1. ക - 2

2. ഖ - 1

3. ഗ - 3

4. ഘ - 4

5. ങ - 5

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct Malayalam letters.

1. _____ (ka) is the first letter.

2. _____ (cha) is used in 'ചന്തം' (chandham).

3. _____ (ga) is found in 'ഗം' (gam).

  • Solution:

1. ക

2. ച

3. ഗ

Exercise 3: Word Formation[edit | edit source]

Create a word using the given letters: ക, ങ, and ഛ.

  • Solution: One possible word is "കാഞ്ചി" (kān̄chi) which means "a type of cup."

Exercise 4: Letter Sounds[edit | edit source]

Listen to the pronunciation of each letter and write them down.

  • Solution: You can use an audio resource to practice writing the sounds of each letter.

Exercise 5: Matching Words[edit | edit source]

Match the Malayalam words with their English meanings.

Malayalam English
കമൽ 1. elephant
ഗന്ധം 2. fragrance
ജലം 3. water
ചന്ദനം 4. sandalwood
  • Solution:

1. കമൽ - 1

2. ഗന്ധം - 2

3. ജലം - 3

4. ചന്ദനം - 4

Exercise 6: Pronunciation Practice[edit | edit source]

Practice pronouncing the letters and words provided in this lesson.

  • Solution: Repeat each letter and word after listening to a native speaker.

Exercise 7: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Use at least three letters learned in this lesson to create a sentence.

  • Solution: "കമൽ ഒരു ഗന്ധം ഉണ്ട്" (Kaamal oru gandham undu) means "The lotus has a fragrance."

Exercise 8: Write in Malayalam[edit | edit source]

Write the following English words in Malayalam: "water," "sandalwood," "elephant."

  • Solution:

1. water - ജലം

2. sandalwood - ചന്ദനം

3. elephant - ഗജൻ

Exercise 9: Identify the Letter[edit | edit source]

Look at the following word and identify the letters used: "കൃഷി" (krishi).

  • Solution: The letters used are ക, ഋ, and ശ.

Exercise 10: Create a Flashcard[edit | edit source]

Create a flashcard for one of the letters learned in this lesson and include its pronunciation and an example word.

  • Solution: For the letter ക, the flashcard should include:
  • Letter: ക
  • Pronunciation: /kə/
  • Example Word: കമൽ (kamal) - lotus

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the basic letters of Malayalam! Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep revisiting these letters until they become second nature. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Malayalam Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Malayalam Script


Everyday Phrases


Basic Sentence Structure


Family and Relationships


Kerala Culture and Traditions


Future and Past Tenses


Travel and Accommodation


Malayalam Cinema and Literature


Advanced Sentence Structures


Technology and Social Media

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



Next Lesson — Conjunct Consonants ▶️

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