Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Participles-and-Infinitives
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Welcome to the advanced lesson on participles and infinitives in Malayalam! In this lesson, we will explore the forms and uses of participles and infinitives in Malayalam sentences. Participles and infinitives are important components of sentence structures and can add depth and complexity to your speech and writing. By understanding how to use participles and infinitives correctly, you will be able to express yourself more effectively in Malayalam.
Throughout this lesson, we will provide numerous examples and exercises to help you grasp the concepts and practice using participles and infinitives in context. We will also delve into any regional variations or historical reasons for differences in their usage. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic to make your learning experience more engaging and enjoyable.
So, let's dive into the fascinating world of participles and infinitives in Malayalam!
Forms and Uses of Participles[edit | edit source]
Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence. In Malayalam, there are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Let's explore each type in detail.
Present Participles[edit | edit source]
Present participles in Malayalam are formed by adding the suffix "-അയാൾ" (-ayāl) to the verb stem. They are used to describe ongoing actions or states. Here are a few examples:
1. നീ പഠിക്കുന്നത് ചില പേർ സ്വപ്നങ്ങളിൽ. Nī paṭhikkunnaṯu cila pēr svapnaṅṅaḷil. You are studying while some people are in dreams.
In this example, the present participle "പഠിക്കുന്ന" (paṭhikkunna) describes the ongoing action of studying.
2. വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നടത്തുന്ന പേർക്ക് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം ആവശ്യമാണ്. Vidyābhyāsaṁ ṇaṭattunna pērkku vidyābhyāsaṁ āvaśyamāṇ. Education is necessary for those who pursue education.
Here, the present participle "നടത്തുന്ന" (ṇaṭattunna) describes the ongoing action of conducting.
Past Participles[edit | edit source]
Past participles in Malayalam are formed by adding the suffix "-ഇട്ട" (-iṭṭa) to the verb stem. They are used to describe completed actions or states. Let's look at some examples:
1. സൂര്യൻ മുകളിൽ ഉയരിച്ചെന്ന് പറയപ്പെടുന്നു. Sūryaṇ muṭaḷil uyaričćenna paṟayappetuṇṇu. The sun is said to have risen.
In this example, the past participle "ഉയരിച്ചെന്ന്" (uyaričćenna) describes the completed action of rising.
2. നായ മരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. Nāya maricćirikkunnu. The dog is dead.
Here, the past participle "മരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു" (maricćirikkunnu) describes the completed state of being dead.
Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]
In some regions of Kerala, the present participle "-അയാൾ" (-ayāl) is also used as a suffix to indicate the continuous or progressive aspect of a verb. For example, instead of saying "നാട്ടിൽ പോകുന്നു" (nāṭṭil pōkunnu) meaning "going to the countryside," some people say "നാട്ടിൽ പോകുന്നയാൾ" (nāṭṭil pōkunna-yāl). This usage may vary depending on the region and dialect.
It is also interesting to note that Malayalam participles can be used in compound words to describe professions or occupations. For example, "പുസ്തകം" (pustakam) means "book," and "വായനയാളൻ" (vāyanayāḷaṇ) means "reader." Here, the present participle "വായന" (vāyana) is used to describe the occupation of reading.
Forms and Uses of Infinitives[edit | edit source]
Infinitives in Malayalam are verb forms that function as nouns or adverbs. They are generally preceded by the particle "ചെയ്യ" (ceyya) or "വേണ്ട" (vēṇṭa). Let's explore the different forms and uses of infinitives.
Simple Infinitives[edit | edit source]
Simple infinitives in Malayalam are formed by adding the suffix "-ഇക്കുക" (-ikkuka) to the verb stem. They are used to express the idea of "to" do something. Here are a few examples:
1. പഠിക്കേണ്ടതാണ്. Paṭhikkēṇṭa-tāṇ. To study is necessary.
In this example, the simple infinitive "പഠിക്കേണ്ട" (paṭhikkēṇṭa) expresses the idea of "to study."
2. കഥകൾ എഴുതാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു. Kathakaḷ eḻutāṇ āgrahikkunnu. They desire to write stories.
Here, the simple infinitive "എഴുതാൻ" (eḻutāṇ) expresses the idea of "to write."
Infinitive Clauses[edit | edit source]
Infinitive clauses in Malayalam are formed by adding the particle "ചെയ്യ" (ceyya) or "വേണ്ട" (vēṇṭa) before the verb stem. They are used to express the purpose or intention of an action. Let's look at some examples:
1. മലയാളം പഠിക്കുവാൻ ഞാൻ പ്രായപൂർത്തിയായിരിക്കുന്നു. Malayāḷaṁ paṭhikkuvān ñān prāyapūrttiyāyirikkunnu. I am old enough to learn Malayalam.
In this example, the infinitive clause "പഠിക്കുവാൻ" (paṭhikkuvān) expresses the purpose of the action.
2. കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ഉപയോഗിക്കുവാൻ ഞാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു. Kampyūṭṭar upayōgikkuvān ñān āgrahikkunnu. I desire to use the computer.
Here, the infinitive clause "ഉപയോഗിക്കുവാൻ" (upayōgikkuvān) expresses the intention of the action.
Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]
In certain regions of Kerala, the infinitive form "-ഉക്ക" (-ukka) is used instead of "-ഇക്കുക" (-ikkuka) for simple infinitives. For example, instead of saying "പഠിക്കേണ്ടതാണ്" (paṭhikkēṇṭa-tāṇ), some people say "പഠിക്കുകയും" (paṭhikkuka-yuṁ). This variation may be influenced by dialects or personal preferences.
It is worth mentioning that infinitives are commonly used in Malayalam proverbs and idiomatic expressions. For instance, the proverb "പഠിച്ചാൽ പിടിച്ചു" (paṭhiccāl piṭiccŭ) literally means "if you study, you will catch." This proverb emphasizes the importance of education and the potential benefits it brings.
Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now, let's practice using participles and infinitives in sentences. Choose the correct form of the participle or infinitive to complete each sentence. The solutions can be found at the end of the exercises.
1. വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം (നടത്തുന്ന / നടത്തുവാൻ) അവരുടെ മാർഗ്ഗം. Vidyābhyāsaṁ (ṇaṭattunna / ṇaṭattuvān) avaruṭe mārggaṁ. Education is their path (to conduct / to be conducted).
2. ഇത് (പൂർണ്ണമാക്കണം / പൂർണ്ണമായി) ചെയ്യാനുള്ള സമയം ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കുന്നു. Ith (pūrṇṇamākkaṇaṁ / pūrṇṇamāyi) ceyyānuḷḷa samayam uṇṭāyirikkunnu. There is a time (to complete / to be completed) this.
3. നിങ്ങൾ പേർ (വായിക്കണം / വായിക്കുവാൻ) ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നുണ്ടോ? Niṅṅaḷ pēr (vāyikkaṇaṁ / vāyikkuvān) āgrahikkunnuṇṭō? Do you desire (to read / to be read) names?
4. അവർ നിയന്ത്രിച്ചു (മലയാളം / മലയാളം) പഠിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യാൻ പോകുന്നു. Avar niyantriccu (malayāḷaṁ / malayāḷaṁ) paṭhikkuka-yuṁ ceyyān pōkunnu. They are going (to control / to be controlled) and study Malayalam.
Solutions[edit | edit source]
1. വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം (നടത്തുന്ന / നടത്തുവാൻ) അവരുടെ മാർഗ്ഗം. Vidyābhyāsaṁ (ṇaṭattunna / ṇaṭattuvān) avaruṭe mārggaṁ. Education is their path (to conduct / to be conducted). Solution: നടത്തുന്ന
2. ഇത് (പൂർണ്ണമാക്കണം / പൂർണ്ണമായി) ചെയ്യാനുള്ള സമയം ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കുന്നു. Ith (pūrṇṇamākkaṇaṁ / pūrṇṇamāyi) ceyyānuḷḷa samayam uṇṭāyirikkunnu. There is a time (to complete / to be completed) this. Solution: പൂർണ്ണമാക്കണം
3. നിങ്ങൾ പേർ (വായിക്കണം / വായിക്കുവാൻ) ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നുണ്ടോ? Niṅṅaḷ pēr (vāyikkaṇaṁ / vāyikkuvān) āgrahikkunnuṇṭō? Do you desire (to read / to be read) names? Solution: വായിക്കുവാൻ
4. അവർ നിയന്ത്രിച്ചു (മലയാളം / മലയാളം) പഠിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യാൻ പോകുന്നു. Avar niyantriccu (malayāḷaṁ / malayāḷaṁ) paṭhikkuka-yuṁ ceyyān pōkunnu. They are going (to control / to be controlled) and study Malayalam. Solution: മലയാളം
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the forms and uses of participles and infinitives in Malayalam. Participles add depth and detail to your sentences, while infinitives allow you to express purpose and intention. By mastering these advanced sentence structures, you will be able to communicate more effectively and express yourself with greater precision in Malayalam.
Continue practicing participles and infinitives in your conversations and writing to solidify your understanding. The more you use them, the more natural they will become to you. As you progress in your Malayalam language journey, remember to explore the rich cultural heritage and traditions of Kerala, as they are closely intertwined with the language.
Best of luck with your continued studies, and keep up the great work!
Videos[edit | edit source]
Spoken English Class in Malayalam Gerund and Participle Clause ...[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Compound Sentences
- Present Tense Verbs
- Nouns and Adjectives
- Nouns
- Vowel Markers
- Direct and Indirect Speech
- Passive Voice
- Basic Letters
- Future Tense Verbs
- Questions
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