Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Definite-and-Indefinite-Articles"

Latest revision as of 22:32, 1 August 2024

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Polish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Definite and Indefinite Articles

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Definite and Indefinite Articles in Polish! This topic is essential for anyone who wants to start forming sentences and expressing thoughts in Polish. Understanding articles is a crucial step in mastering the language, as they help in identifying nouns and can change the meaning of sentences.

In English, we have the definite article "the" and indefinite articles "a" and "an," but Polish approaches articles a bit differently. In fact, Polish does not use articles in the same way as English does! This might sound daunting, but fear not! By the end of this lesson, you'll have a clear understanding of how to express definiteness and indefiniteness in Polish.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Introduction to Articles in Polish

2. Definite Articles: When and How to Use Them

3. Indefinite Articles: Understanding Their Usage

4. Comparison Between English and Polish Articles

5. Examples and Tables for Clarity

6. Exercises to Practice What You've Learned

7. Answers and Explanations to Exercises

Introduction to Articles in Polish[edit | edit source]

In Polish, the concept of articles is quite different from English. Instead of relying on definite and indefinite articles, Polish often uses noun endings and context to convey whether something is definite or indefinite. However, understanding this distinction is vital for learners, as it helps in grasping the nuances of the language.

Here are some key points to remember:

Definite Articles: In Polish, there are no direct equivalents to the English "the." However, definiteness can be implied through context or specific noun forms.

Indefinite Articles: Equally, there is no direct equivalent for "a" or "an." Instead, the context of the sentence will indicate if something is indefinite.

Let’s dive deeper into each type!

Definite Articles: When and How to Use Them[edit | edit source]

In English, we use the definite article "the" to refer to a specific noun that is known to the listener. In Polish, instead of a distinct article, we rely on context and the form of the noun to imply definiteness.

For example, if we are talking about "the book," it is understood based on previous context or familiarity.

Here’s how it typically works:

When a noun has been previously mentioned or is common knowledge, it is considered definite.

The noun's grammatical case and ending often signal its definiteness.

Examples of Definite Contexts:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
Książka jest na stole.	ˈkʲʂɔ̃ʐ.ka jɛst na ˈstɔ.lɛ	The book is on the table.
Pies biega w parku.	pʲɛs ˈbʲɛ.ɡa v ˈpar.ku	The dog is running in the park.
Samochód jest czerwony.	saˈmɔ.xut jɛst tʂɛrˈvɔ.nɨ	The car is red.
Dziecko śpi.	ˈd͡ʑɛt͡s.kɔ ɕpʲi	The child is sleeping.
Drzewo jest stare.	ˈd͡ʐɛ.vɔ jɛst ˈsta.rɛ	The tree is old.

As seen in the examples, articles are not explicitly stated but understood through context.

Indefinite Articles: Understanding Their Usage[edit | edit source]

Indefinite articles in English (like "a" or "an") are used to refer to a non-specific item. In Polish, there isn't a direct equivalent, but we can express the idea of indefiniteness using certain expressions or structures.

For instance, when you want to say "I saw a dog," in Polish, you might say "Widziałem psa," where "psa" refers to a dog in a general sense, not a specific one.

Examples of Indefinite Contexts:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
Widziałem psa.	viˈd͡ʑaw.jɛm p͡sɑ	I saw a dog.
Kupiłem jabłko.	kuˈpi.lɛm ˈja.bw.kɔ	I bought an apple.
Jestem studentem.	ˈjɛ.stɛm stuˈdɛn.tɛm	I am a student.
To jest dom.	tɔ jɛst dɔm	This is a house.
Potrzebuję książki.	pɔˈtʂɛ.bu.jɛ ˈkʲʂɔ̃ʐ.kʲi	I need a book.

In these examples, the nouns are treated as non-specific, highlighting the idea of indefiniteness.

Comparison Between English and Polish Articles[edit | edit source]

Understanding the differences between English and Polish articles can significantly aid your learning. Here’s a simple comparison:

Definite Article:

English: "the" specifies a known noun.

Polish: No direct equivalent; context and noun forms indicate definiteness.

Indefinite Article:

English: "a/an" refers to any item of a kind.

Polish: No direct equivalent; context also indicates indefiniteness.

This distinction is crucial for learners, as it influences how you form sentences and convey meaning.

Examples and Tables for Clarity[edit | edit source]

To ensure you grasp the nuances of articles in Polish, let’s look at more illustrative examples:

Definite Nouns in Context:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
Zjadłem tort.	ˈzjad.wɛm tɔrt	I ate the cake. (specific cake)
Mama kupiła kwiaty.	ˈma.ma kuˈpi.wɔ ˈkfʲatɨ	Mom bought the flowers. (known flowers)
Oto komputer.	ˈɔ.tɔ kɔmˈpu.tɛr	Here is the computer. (specific computer)
Zobacz ten film.	ˈzɔ.baʨ tɛn film	Watch the film. (the film we discussed)
Prowadzę samochód.	proˈva.d͡zɛ saˈmɔ.xut	I drive the car. (the car I own)

Indefinite Nouns in Context:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
Kupiłem książkę.	kuˈpi.lɛm ˈkʲʂɔ̃ʐ.kɛ	I bought a book.
Znalazłem długopis.	znaˈla.zʷɛm ˈdwu.ɡɔ.pis	I found a pen.
Mam psa.	mam p͡sɑ	I have a dog.
Chcę kawę.	x͡t͡sɛ ˈka.vɛ	I want a coffee.
Widziałam stół.	viˈd͡ʑa.wɛm stuːl	I saw a table.

As you can see, context plays a critical role in determining whether a noun is definite or indefinite.

Exercises to Practice What You've Learned[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of definite and indefinite articles in Polish, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice:

1. Fill in the Blanks: Choose the correct form (definite or indefinite) for the following sentences:

1. Kupiłem ___ (a/the) samochód.

2. Widziałem ___ (a/the) film.

3. To jest ___ (a/the) dom.

2. Translate to Polish: Translate the following sentences into Polish:

1. I bought a book.

2. The dog is barking.

3. I want an apple.

3. Identify the Article: Determine whether the nouns in the following sentences are definite or indefinite:

1. To jest stół.

2. Zjadłem jabłko.

3. Widziałem psa.

4. Matching Exercise: Match the English sentences with the correct Polish translation:

1. The child is playing.

2. I saw a movie.

3. The flowers are beautiful.

5. Create Your Sentences: Write three sentences in Polish using both definite and indefinite nouns.

6. Multiple Choice: Choose the correct article form in the following sentences:

1. Chcę ___ (a/the) książkę.

a) a

b) the

2. Widziałem ___ (a/the) kota.

a) a

b) the

7. Short Answer: Explain the difference between definite and indefinite articles in Polish in your own words.

8. Rewrite the Sentence: Change the following sentence from definite to indefinite:

1. Zjadłem tort.

9. Fill in the Table: Complete the table with examples of definite and indefinite nouns:

Type	Polish	English
Definite !!
Indefinite !!

10. Role Play: In pairs, practice a conversation where you use both definite and indefinite nouns naturally.

Answers and Explanations to Exercises[edit | edit source]

1.

Kupiłem a samochód. (indefinite)

Widziałem the film. (definite)

To jest a dom. (indefinite)

2.

Kupiłem książkę.

Pies szczeka.

Chcę jabłko.

3.

To jest stół. (definite)

Zjadłem jabłko. (indefinite)

Widziałem psa. (indefinite)

4.

1 → To jest dziecko.

2 → Widziałem film.

3 → Kwiaty są piękne.

5. (Sample Sentences)

Kupiłem samochód. (indefinite)

To jest książka. (definite)

Widziałem psa. (indefinite)

6.

1 → a

2 → a

7.

Definite articles specify known nouns, while indefinite articles refer to non-specific nouns.

8.

Zjadłem jabłko. (changed from definite to indefinite)

9.

Type	Polish	English
Definite !! Książka	The book
Indefinite !! Książka	A book

10.

(Students engage in conversation using both types of nouns.)

Congratulations! You have successfully navigated the fascinating world of definite and indefinite articles in Polish. Keep practicing, and soon it will become second nature!

Table of Contents - Polish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Greetings and Introductions

Basic Sentence Structure

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Articles

Noun Gender
Definite and Indefinite Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Polish Customs and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Noun-Gender|◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Polish-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Polish|Polish]]  → [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Definite and Indefinite Articles</div>
+Welcome to this exciting lesson on ''Definite and Indefinite Articles'' in Polish! This topic is essential for anyone who wants to start forming sentences and expressing thoughts in Polish. Understanding articles is a crucial step in mastering the language, as they help in identifying nouns and can change the meaning of sentences.
+In English, we have the definite article "the" and indefinite articles "a" and "an," but Polish approaches articles a bit differently. In fact, Polish does not use articles in the same way as English does! This might sound daunting, but fear not! By the end of this lesson, you'll have a clear understanding of how to express definiteness and indefiniteness in Polish.
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Polish|Polish]]  → [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Articles → Definite and Indefinite Articles</div>
+=== Structure of the Lesson ===
+. '''Introduction to Articles in Polish'''
+. '''Definite Articles: When and How to Use Them'''
+. '''Indefinite Articles: Understanding Their Usage'''
+. '''Comparison Between English and Polish Articles'''
+. '''Examples and Tables for Clarity'''
+. '''Exercises to Practice What You've Learned'''
+. '''Answers and Explanations to Exercises'''
 __TOC__
-As a Polish language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I have seen many students struggle to understand the use of definite and indefinite articles in Polish. In this lesson, we will explore this concept and how it differs from the English language. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to use definite and indefinite articles correctly in Polish sentences.
+=== Introduction to Articles in Polish ===
+In Polish, the concept of articles is quite different from English. Instead of relying on definite and indefinite articles, Polish often uses noun endings and context to convey whether something is definite or indefinite. However, understanding this distinction is vital for learners, as it helps in grasping the nuances of the language.
-== What are Definite and Indefinite Articles? ==
+Here are some key points to remember:
-Before we dive into the specifics of Polish grammar, let's review what definite and indefinite articles are. In English, "the" is an example of a definite article, while "a" or "an" are indefinite articles.
+* '''Definite Articles''': In Polish, there are no direct equivalents to the English "the." However, definiteness can be implied through context or specific noun forms.
-Definite articles are used to refer to a specific noun that has already been mentioned, or is known by both the speaker and the listener. For example: "I am going to the store." In this sentence, "the" refers to a specific store that both the speaker and listener know about.
+* '''Indefinite Articles''': Equally, there is no direct equivalent for "a" or "an." Instead, the context of the sentence will indicate if something is indefinite.
-Indefinite articles are used to refer to a noun that is not specific, often used when the noun is introduced for the first time. For example: "I saw a cat on the street." In this sentence, "a" refers to any cat, not a specific one.
+Let’s dive deeper into each type!
-In Polish, there are equivalents to both definite and indefinite articles, and they function similarly to their English counterparts.
+=== Definite Articles: When and How to Use Them ===
-== The Definite Article in Polish ==
+In English, we use the definite article "the" to refer to a specific noun that is known to the listener. In Polish, instead of a distinct article, we rely on context and the form of the noun to imply definiteness.
-In Polish, the definite article is "the". However, it is not a simple matter of adding "the" in front of a noun. Instead, the definite article changes depending on the gender of the noun, as well as the case it is in.
+For example, if we are talking about "the book," it is understood based on previous context or familiarity.
-Let's take a look at an example below:
+Here’s how it typically works:
+* When a noun has been previously mentioned or is common knowledge, it is considered definite.
+* The noun's grammatical case and ending often signal its definiteness.
+'''Examples of Definite Contexts:'''
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Książka jest na stole. || ˈkʲʂɔ̃ʐ.ka jɛst na ˈstɔ.lɛ || The book is on the table.
+|-
+| Pies biega w parku. || pʲɛs ˈbʲɛ.ɡa v ˈpar.ku || The dog is running in the park.
 |-
-| dom || [dɔm] || house
+| Samochód jest czerwony. || saˈmɔ.xut jɛst tʂɛrˈvɔ.nɨ || The car is red.
+|-
+| Dziecko śpi. || ˈd͡ʑɛt͡s.kɔ ɕpʲi || The child is sleeping.
+|-
+| Drzewo jest stare. || ˈd͡ʐɛ.vɔ jɛst ˈsta.rɛ || The tree is old.
 |}
-The noun "dom" (house) is masculine singular, and in the nominative case (the subject of the sentence). To indicate that we are referring to a specific house, we must use the definite article "the". However, the correct form of the definite article changes depending on the case and gender of the noun. For example, to say "the house" in the accusative case (the object of the sentence), the correct form of the article is "dom". Therefore, "I see the house" would be "Widzę dom" in Polish.
+As seen in the examples, articles are not explicitly stated but understood through context.
+=== Indefinite Articles: Understanding Their Usage ===
+Indefinite articles in English (like "a" or "an") are used to refer to a non-specific item. In Polish, there isn't a direct equivalent, but we can express the idea of indefiniteness using certain expressions or structures.
+For instance, when you want to say "I saw a dog," in Polish, you might say "Widziałem psa," where "psa" refers to a dog in a general sense, not a specific one.
+'''Examples of Indefinite Contexts:'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Widziałem psa. || viˈd͡ʑaw.jɛm p͡sɑ || I saw a dog.
+|-
+| Kupiłem jabłko. || kuˈpi.lɛm ˈja.bw.kɔ || I bought an apple.
+|-
-Let's take a closer look at how the definite article changes in different cases and genders:
+| Jestem studentem. || ˈjɛ.stɛm stuˈdɛn.tɛm || I am a student.
-For masculine nouns:
+|-
-- Nominative: "the" = "ten"
+| To jest dom. || tɔ jɛst dɔm || This is a house.
-- Accusative: "the" = "ten"
-- Genitive: "the" = "tego"
-- Dative: "the" = "temu"
-- Instrumental: "the" = "tym"
-- Locative: "the" = "tym"
-For feminine nouns:
+|-
-- Nominative: "the" = "ta"
+| Potrzebuję książki. || pɔˈtʂɛ.bu.jɛ ˈkʲʂɔ̃ʐ.kʲi || I need a book.
-- Accusative: "the" = "tę"
-- Genitive: "the" = "tej"
-- Dative: "the" = "tej"
-- Instrumental: "the" = "tą"
-- Locative: "the" = "tej"
-For neuter nouns:
+|}
-- Nominative: "the" = "to"
+In these examples, the nouns are treated as non-specific, highlighting the idea of indefiniteness.
-- Accusative: "the" = "to"
-- Genitive: "the" = "tego"
-- Dative: "the" = "temu"
-- Instrumental: "the" = "tym"
-- Locative: "the" = "tym"
-Note: The table above is just a guideline. In reality, there are many exceptions to these rules in Polish grammar. To fully master the use of definite articles in Polish, one must learn the declension patterns for each noun separately.
+=== Comparison Between English and Polish Articles ===
-== The Indefinite Article in Polish ==
+Understanding the differences between English and Polish articles can significantly aid your learning. Here’s a simple comparison:
-In Polish, the indefinite article does not exist in the same way as in English. Instead, indefinite nouns are formed by using numerical expressions.
+* '''Definite Article''':
-For example:
+* '''English''': "the" specifies a known noun.
-* "jeden dom" = "one house"
+* '''Polish''': No direct equivalent; context and noun forms indicate definiteness.
-* "dwa koty" = "two cats"
-In these examples, "jeden" and "dwa" serve as numerical expressions indicating that there is one or two of the respective nouns. Therefore, in Polish, we do not use a word like "a" or "an" to indicate that a noun is indefinite.
+* '''Indefinite Article''':
-== Conclusion ==
+* '''English''': "a/an" refers to any item of a kind.
-In conclusion, definite and indefinite articles function differently in Polish than in English. The definite article changes depending on the case and gender of the noun, while the indefinite article is formed using numerical expressions on the noun itself. By understanding these differences, you will be able to use articles in Polish with confidence in your daily conversations.
+* '''Polish''': No direct equivalent; context also indicates indefiniteness.
-If you have any questions or concerns about Polish grammar, feel free to leave a comment below. As always, I am here to help you on your journey to mastering the Polish language.
+This distinction is crucial for learners, as it influences how you form sentences and convey meaning.
+=== Examples and Tables for Clarity ===
+To ensure you grasp the nuances of articles in Polish, let’s look at more illustrative examples:
+'''Definite Nouns in Context:'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Zjadłem tort. || ˈzjad.wɛm tɔrt || I ate the cake. (specific cake)
+|-
+| Mama kupiła kwiaty. || ˈma.ma kuˈpi.wɔ ˈkfʲatɨ || Mom bought the flowers. (known flowers)
+|-
+| Oto komputer. || ˈɔ.tɔ kɔmˈpu.tɛr || Here is the computer. (specific computer)
+|-
+| Zobacz ten film. || ˈzɔ.baʨ tɛn film || Watch the film. (the film we discussed)
+|-
+| Prowadzę samochód. || proˈva.d͡zɛ saˈmɔ.xut || I drive the car. (the car I own)
+|}
+'''Indefinite Nouns in Context:'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Kupiłem książkę. || kuˈpi.lɛm ˈkʲʂɔ̃ʐ.kɛ || I bought a book.
+|-
+| Znalazłem długopis. || znaˈla.zʷɛm ˈdwu.ɡɔ.pis || I found a pen.
+|-
+| Mam psa. || mam p͡sɑ || I have a dog.
+|-
+| Chcę kawę. || x͡t͡sɛ ˈka.vɛ || I want a coffee.
+|-
+| Widziałam stół. || viˈd͡ʑa.wɛm stuːl || I saw a table.
+|}
+As you can see, context plays a critical role in determining whether a noun is definite or indefinite.
+=== Exercises to Practice What You've Learned ===
+Now that you have a solid understanding of definite and indefinite articles in Polish, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice:
+. '''Fill in the Blanks''': Choose the correct form (definite or indefinite) for the following sentences:
+* 1. Kupiłem ___ (a/the) samochód.
+* 2. Widziałem ___ (a/the) film.
+* 3. To jest ___ (a/the) dom.
+. '''Translate to Polish''': Translate the following sentences into Polish:
+* 1. I bought a book.
+* 2. The dog is barking.
+* 3. I want an apple.
+. '''Identify the Article''': Determine whether the nouns in the following sentences are definite or indefinite:
+* 1. To jest stół.
+* 2. Zjadłem jabłko.
+* 3. Widziałem psa.
+. '''Matching Exercise''': Match the English sentences with the correct Polish translation:
+* 1. The child is playing.
+* 2. I saw a movie.
+* 3. The flowers are beautiful.
+. '''Create Your Sentences''': Write three sentences in Polish using both definite and indefinite nouns.
+. '''Multiple Choice''': Choose the correct article form in the following sentences:
+* 1. Chcę ___ (a/the) książkę.
+* a) a
+* b) the
+* 2. Widziałem ___ (a/the) kota.
+* a) a
+* b) the
+. '''Short Answer''': Explain the difference between definite and indefinite articles in Polish in your own words.
+. '''Rewrite the Sentence''': Change the following sentence from definite to indefinite:
+* 1. Zjadłem tort.
+. '''Fill in the Table''': Complete the table with examples of definite and indefinite nouns:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Type !! Polish !! English
+|-
+| Definite !!  ||
+|-
+| Indefinite !!  ||
+|}
+. '''Role Play''': In pairs, practice a conversation where you use both definite and indefinite nouns naturally.
+=== Answers and Explanations to Exercises ===
+.
+* Kupiłem '''a''' samochód. (indefinite)
+* Widziałem '''the''' film. (definite)
+* To jest '''a''' dom. (indefinite)
+.
+* Kupiłem książkę.
+* Pies szczeka.
+* Chcę jabłko.
+.
+* To jest stół. (definite)
+* Zjadłem jabłko. (indefinite)
+* Widziałem psa. (indefinite)
+.
+* 1 → To jest dziecko.
+* 2 → Widziałem film.
+* 3 → Kwiaty są piękne.
+. (Sample Sentences)
+* Kupiłem samochód. (indefinite)
+* To jest książka. (definite)
+* Widziałem psa. (indefinite)
+.
+* 1 → a
+* 2 → a
+.
+* Definite articles specify known nouns, while indefinite articles refer to non-specific nouns.
+.
+* Zjadłem '''jabłko'''. (changed from definite to indefinite)
+.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Type !! Polish !! English
+|-
+| Definite !! Książka || The book
+|-
+| Indefinite !! Książka || A book
+|}
+.
+* (Students engage in conversation using both types of nouns.)
+Congratulations! You have successfully navigated the fascinating world of definite and indefinite articles in Polish. Keep practicing, and soon it will become second nature!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Polish Grammar Nouns and Articles Definite and Indefinite Articles
-|keywords=Polish Grammar, Nouns, Articles, Definite, Indefinite, polish grammar lesson
+|title=Polish Grammar Lesson on Definite and Indefinite Articles
-|description=Learn about the use of definite and indefinite articles in Polish, and how they differ from their English counterparts. In this lesson, you will understand how to use definite and indefinite articles correctly in Polish sentences .
+|keywords=Polish articles, definite articles, indefinite articles, Polish grammar, learn Polish
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the use of definite and indefinite articles in Polish, how they differ from English, and practice exercises to enhance your understanding.
 }}
-{{Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 94: / Line 373: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Polish-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-Polish-equivalent-of-the-definite-article What is the Polish equivalent of ''the'' definite article? - Quora]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_grammar Polish grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [http://mylanguages.org/polish_articles.php Polish Articles]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Imperative-Mood|Imperative Mood]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-and-Conditional-Tenses|Future and Conditional Tenses]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Verbs-and-Tenses|Verbs and Tenses]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Noun-Gender|Noun Gender]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Reflexive-Verbs|Reflexive Verbs]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Basic Sentence Structure]]
 {{Polish-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Noun-Gender|◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>