Difference between revisions of "Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Plural-Nouns"

Latest revision as of 08:50, 17 June 2023

◀️ Nouns and Their Gender — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

Ukrainian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Gender → Plural Nouns

Nouns and Gender[edit | edit source]

Plural Nouns[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will learn how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian. Plural nouns refer to more than one person, animal, thing, or concept. Ukrainian, like many other Slavic languages, has its own rules for forming plurals. Understanding how to form and use plural nouns is essential for building your vocabulary and expressing yourself correctly in Ukrainian.

Regular Plurals[edit | edit source]

In Ukrainian, most nouns form their plurals by adding specific endings to the singular form. These endings depend on the gender and declension of the noun. Let's explore the different ways to form regular plurals in Ukrainian.

Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Most masculine nouns in Ukrainian form their plurals by adding the ending "-и" to the singular form. Here are some examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
хлопець (khlopets')	[xlɔˈpɛtsʲ]	boy
стілець (stilets')	[ˈst⁽ʲ⁾ilɛtsʲ]	chair
дідусь (didus')	[ˈdidusʲ]	grandfather
батько (bat'ko)	[ˈbatʲkɔ]	father
син (syn)	[sɪn]	son

As you can see, the singular forms of these masculine nouns end in different consonants or consonant clusters. However, in the plural form, they all add the "-и" ending. Pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending. For example, the consonant "т" in "стілець" becomes "ц" in the plural form "стільці".

There are also some masculine nouns that end in "-ь" in the singular form. These nouns form their plurals by replacing the final "-ь" with "-і". Here are a few examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
синь (syn')	[sɪnʲ]	blue
день (den')	[dɛnʲ]	day
шлях (shlyakh)	[ˈʃʲlʲɑx]	road

In the plural form, these nouns change their endings to "-і". Again, pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.

Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Most feminine nouns in Ukrainian form their plurals by adding the ending "-и" to the singular form. Here are some examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
дівчина (divchyna)	[ˈdɪwtʃɪnɑ]	girl
книга (knýha)	[ˈknɪɦɑ]	book
сестра (sestra)	[ˈsɛstrɑ]	sister
мама (mama)	[ˈmɑmɑ]	mother
вулиця (vulytsya)	[ˈwulɪtsʲɑ]	street

Just like with masculine nouns, the plural ending "-и" is added to the singular form. Pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.

There are also some feminine nouns that end in "-я" or "-а" in the singular form. These nouns form their plurals by replacing the final "-я" or "-а" with "-і". Here are a few examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
кав'ярня (kav'yarnya)	[kɑwˈjɑrnʲɑ]	café
рукавичка (rukavyčka)	[rukɑˈwɪtʃkɑ]	glove
книжка (knýzhka)	[knɪʒˈkɑ]	book
страва (strava)	[ˈstrɑwɑ]	dish

In the plural form, these nouns change their endings to "-і". Again, pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.

Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

Most neuter nouns in Ukrainian form their plurals by adding the ending "-а" to the singular form. Here are some examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
море (more)	[ˈmɔrɛ]	sea
поле (pole)	[ˈpɔlɛ]	field
дерево (derevo)	[dɛˈrɛwɔ]	tree
вікно (vikno)	[ˈwiknɔ]	window
місто (misto)	[ˈmisto]	city

As you can see, the singular forms of these neuter nouns end in a vowel or "-о". In the plural form, they all add the "-а" ending. Pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending. For example, the vowel "о" in "дерево" becomes "е" in the plural form "дерева".

There are also some neuter nouns that end in "-я" or "-е" in the singular form. These nouns form their plurals by replacing the final "-я" or "-е" with "-ята" or "-ята/ята". Here are a few examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
містечко (mistechko)	[mɪsˈtɛtʃkɔ]	small town
око (oko)	[ˈɔkɔ]	eye
сонце (sontse)	[ˈsɔnt͡sɛ]	sun
віконце (vikon't͡sɛ)	[vɪˈkɔnt͡sɛ]	small window

In the plural form, these nouns change their endings to "-ята". Again, pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.

Irregular Plurals[edit | edit source]

While most Ukrainian nouns form their plurals following regular patterns, there are some nouns with irregular plurals. These nouns do not follow the typical rules for plural formation and must be memorized. Here are a few examples of nouns with irregular plurals:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
яблуко (yabluko)	[jɑˈblukɔ]	apple
олень (olén')	[ɔˈlɛnʲ]	deer
дитина (dytyna)	[dɪˈtɪnɑ]	child
вухо (vukho)	[ˈwuxɔ]	ear
ножиці (nozhytsi)	[nɔˈʒɪt͡sʲi]	scissors

As you can see, these nouns have unique plurals that do not follow the regular patterns.

It's important to note that there are also some nouns in Ukrainian that have the same form in both the singular and plural. These nouns are called "invariable nouns" and do not change depending on the number. Here are a few examples:

Ukrainian	Pronunciation	English
риба (ryba)	[ˈrɪbɑ]	fish
сонце (sontse)	[ˈsɔnt͡sɛ]	sun
молоко (moloko)	[mɔˈlɔkɔ]	milk
золото (zoloto)	[zɔˈlɔtɔ]	gold

These nouns are always used in the singular form, even when referring to multiple entities.

Plural Nouns in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we have learned how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian, let's practice using them in sentences. Here are some examples:

У книжках лежать наші секрети. (U knyzhkakh lezhat' nashi sekrety.) - Our secrets are in the books.
Діти грають у парку. (Dity hrayut' u parku.) - The children are playing in the park.
Мами готують смачну їжу. (Mamy hotoyut' smachnu yizhu.) - Mothers are cooking delicious food.
Вулиці міста завжди шумні. (Vulytsi mista zavzhdy shumni.) - The streets of the city are always noisy.
Очі бабусі сяють як зірки. (Ochi babusі syayut' yak zіrky.) - Grandma's eyes shine like stars.

Practice forming plural nouns in different contexts and make sure to pay attention to the gender and declension of the nouns.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You now know how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian. Regular plurals follow specific patterns based on the gender and declension of the noun. Masculine and feminine nouns generally add the ending "-и" to form the plural, while neuter nouns usually add the ending "-а". However, there are also irregular plurals that must be memorized. Plural nouns are an important part of building your vocabulary and expressing yourself correctly in Ukrainian. Keep practicing and exploring the language to continue improving your Ukrainian skills.

Table of Contents - Ukrainian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

The Ukrainian Alphabet and Pronunciation

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Gender

Family and Relationships

Pronouns and Possessives

Food and Dining

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Adjectives and Adverbs

Hobbies and Leisure

Ukrainian Traditions and Holidays

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Shopping and Services

Ukrainian Cuisine

Videos[edit | edit source]

Ukrainian Lesson 7. Plural Nouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Nouns and Their Gender — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Nouns-and-Their-Gender|◀️ Nouns and Their Gender — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Ukrainian/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Ukrainian-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Ukrainian|Ukrainian]]  → [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Gender → Plural Nouns</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Ukrainian language teacher for over 20 years, I know that learning Ukrainian noun plurals can be a struggle. However, with a bit of practice and some interesting cultural facts, forming and using plural nouns will become second nature. Let's get started!
+== Nouns and Gender ==
-== Plural Nouns in Ukrainian ==
+=== Plural Nouns ===
-In Ukrainian, plural nouns are used to describe more than one person, animal, or thing. Unlike English, where only some nouns have different plural forms, all Ukrainian nouns have their own unique plural form.
+In this lesson, we will learn how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian. Plural nouns refer to more than one person, animal, thing, or concept. Ukrainian, like many other Slavic languages, has its own rules for forming plurals. Understanding how to form and use plural nouns is essential for building your vocabulary and expressing yourself correctly in Ukrainian.
-There are two types of plural forms in Ukrainian: regular and irregular.
+==== Regular Plurals ====
-=== Regular Plural Nouns ===
+In Ukrainian, most nouns form their plurals by adding specific endings to the singular form. These endings depend on the gender and declension of the noun. Let's explore the different ways to form regular plurals in Ukrainian.
-To form most regular plural nouns in Ukrainian, you need to change the ending of the singular noun. Here are the basic rules for forming regular plural nouns:
+==== Masculine Nouns ====
-* Masculine nouns that end in a consonant: add "и" at the end. For example:
+Most masculine nouns in Ukrainian form their plurals by adding the ending "-и" to the singular form. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| чоловік  || cholo-veek || man
+| хлопець (khlopets') || [xlɔˈpɛtsʲ] || boy
+|-
+| стілець (stilets') || [ˈst⁽ʲ⁾ilɛtsʲ] || chair
+|-
+| дідусь (didus') || [ˈdidusʲ] || grandfather
+|-
+| батько (bat'ko) || [ˈbatʲkɔ] || father
+|-
+| син (syn) || [sɪn] || son
 |-
-| чоловіки  || cholo-vee-ky || men
 |}
-* Masculine nouns that end in "й": replace "й" with "ї" at the end. For example:
+As you can see, the singular forms of these masculine nouns end in different consonants or consonant clusters. However, in the plural form, they all add the "-и" ending. Pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending. For example, the consonant "т" in "стілець" becomes "ц" in the plural form "стільці".
+There are also some masculine nouns that end in "-ь" in the singular form. These nouns form their plurals by replacing the final "-ь" with "-і". Here are a few examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| син  || seen || son
+| синь (syn') || [sɪnʲ] || blue
+|-
+| день (den') || [dɛnʲ] || day
+|-
+| шлях (shlyakh) || [ˈʃʲlʲɑx] || road
 |-
-| сини  || see-ny || sons
 |}
-* Feminine nouns that end in "а": replace "а" with "и" at the end. For example:
+In the plural form, these nouns change their endings to "-і". Again, pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.
+==== Feminine Nouns ====
+Most feminine nouns in Ukrainian form their plurals by adding the ending "-и" to the singular form. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| мама  || ma-ma || mom
+| дівчина (divchyna) || [ˈdɪwtʃɪnɑ] || girl
+|-
+| книга (knýha) || [ˈknɪɦɑ] || book
+|-
+| сестра (sestra) || [ˈsɛstrɑ] || sister
+|-
+| мама (mama) || [ˈmɑmɑ] || mother
+|-
+| вулиця (vulytsya) || [ˈwulɪtsʲɑ] || street
 |-
-| мами  || ma-my || moms
 |}
-* Feminine nouns that end in "я": replace "я" with "і" at the end. For example:
+Just like with masculine nouns, the plural ending "-и" is added to the singular form. Pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.
+There are also some feminine nouns that end in "-я" or "-а" in the singular form. These nouns form their plurals by replacing the final "-я" or "-а" with "-і". Here are a few examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| дочка  || doch-ka || daughter
+| кав'ярня (kav'yarnya) || [kɑwˈjɑrnʲɑ] || café
+|-
+| рукавичка (rukavyčka) || [rukɑˈwɪtʃkɑ] || glove
+|-
+| книжка (knýzhka) || [knɪʒˈkɑ] || book
+|-
+| страва (strava) || [ˈstrɑwɑ] || dish
 |-
-| дочки  || doch-ky || daughters
 |}
-* Neuter nouns that end in "о" or "е": add "а" at the end. For example:
+In the plural form, these nouns change their endings to "-і". Again, pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.
+==== Neuter Nouns ====
+Most neuter nouns in Ukrainian form their plurals by adding the ending "-а" to the singular form. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| вікно  || veek-no || window
+| море (more) || [ˈmɔrɛ] || sea
+|-
+| поле (pole) || [ˈpɔlɛ] || field
+|-
+| дерево (derevo) || [dɛˈrɛwɔ] || tree
+|-
+| вікно (vikno) || [ˈwiknɔ] || window
+|-
+| місто (misto) || [ˈmisto] || city
 |-
-| вікна  || veek-na || windows
 |}
-=== Irregular Plural Nouns ===
+As you can see, the singular forms of these neuter nouns end in a vowel or "-о". In the plural form, they all add the "-а" ending. Pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending. For example, the vowel "о" in "дерево" becomes "е" in the plural form "дерева".
-Unfortunately, not all Ukrainian plural nouns follow the regular rules. Many nouns have their own unique irregular plural forms. Here are some common examples:
+There are also some neuter nouns that end in "-я" or "-е" in the singular form. These nouns form their plurals by replacing the final "-я" or "-е" with "-ята" or "-ята/ята". Here are a few examples:
-* Nouns that end in "ість", "ізьм", "ень", and "онь": replace the ending with "ки". For example:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| містечко (mistechko) || [mɪsˈtɛtʃkɔ] || small town
+|-
+| око (oko) || [ˈɔkɔ] || eye
+|-
+| сонце (sontse) || [ˈsɔnt͡sɛ] || sun
+|-
+| віконце (vikon't͡sɛ) || [vɪˈkɔnt͡sɛ] || small window
+|-
+|}
+In the plural form, these nouns change their endings to "-ята". Again, pay attention to the pronunciation changes that may occur when adding the plural ending.
+==== Irregular Plurals ====
+While most Ukrainian nouns form their plurals following regular patterns, there are some nouns with irregular plurals. These nouns do not follow the typical rules for plural formation and must be memorized. Here are a few examples of nouns with irregular plurals:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| кіт  || keet || cat
+| яблуко (yabluko) || [jɑˈblukɔ] || apple
+|-
+| олень (olén') || [ɔˈlɛnʲ] || deer
 |-
-| киці  || ky-tsi || cats
+| дитина (dytyna) || [dɪˈtɪnɑ] || child
 |-
-| приклад  || pree-klad || example
+| вухо (vukho) || [ˈwuxɔ] || ear
+|-
+| ножиці (nozhytsi) || [nɔˈʒɪt͡sʲi] || scissors
 |-
-| прикладки  || pree-klad-ky || examples
 |}
-* Nouns that end in "інь", "ень", and "онь": add "і" before the final consonant. For example:
+As you can see, these nouns have unique plurals that do not follow the regular patterns.
+It's important to note that there are also some nouns in Ukrainian that have the same form in both the singular and plural. These nouns are called "invariable nouns" and do not change depending on the number. Here are a few examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| лев  || lev || lion
+| риба (ryba) || [ˈrɪbɑ] || fish
 |-
-| леви  || le-vy || lions
+| сонце (sontse) || [ˈsɔnt͡sɛ] || sun
 |-
-| колесо  || ko-le-so || wheel
+| молоко (moloko) || [mɔˈlɔkɔ] || milk
+|-
+| золото (zoloto) || [zɔˈlɔtɔ] || gold
 |-
-| колеса  || ko-le-sa || wheels
 |}
-It's important to note that there are many other irregular plural noun forms. The best way to learn them is through practice and exposure to the language.
+These nouns are always used in the singular form, even when referring to multiple entities.
-== Using Plural Nouns in Sentences ==
+==== Plural Nouns in Sentences ====
-Now that you know how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian, let's practice using them in sentences.
+Now that we have learned how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian, let's practice using them in sentences. Here are some examples:
-* Я бачив дві собаки в парку. (Ya bachyv dvi sobaky v parku.) - I saw two dogs in the park.
+* У книжках лежать наші секрети. (U knyzhkakh lezhat' nashi sekrety.) - Our secrets are in the books.
-* Мої друзі грають у футбол. (Moyi druzi hrayut u futbol.) - My friends are playing soccer.
+* Діти грають у парку. (Dity hrayut' u parku.) - The children are playing in the park.
-* Вчителька показала нам кольорові квіти. (Vchytelka pokazala nam kol'orovi kvity.) - The teacher showed us colorful flowers.
+* Мами готують смачну їжу. (Mamy hotoyut' smachnu yizhu.) - Mothers are cooking delicious food.
-* Ми беремо дві колбаси з собою на пікнік. (My beremo dvi kolbasy z soboyu na piknik.) - We are taking two sausages with us for the picnic.
+* Вулиці міста завжди шумні. (Vulytsi mista zavzhdy shumni.) - The streets of the city are always noisy.
+* Очі бабусі сяють як зірки. (Ochi babusі syayut' yak zіrky.) - Grandma's eyes shine like stars.
-Notice that the use of plural nouns is essential in these sentences, and that the endings of the nouns change depending on whether they are singular or plural. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to form and use plural nouns with ease!
+Practice forming plural nouns in different contexts and make sure to pay attention to the gender and declension of the nouns.
 == Conclusion ==
-Learning how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian is an important step towards proficiency in the language. By understanding the regular and irregular plural noun forms and practicing their use in sentences, you'll be well on your way towards mastering Ukrainian grammar. As you continue your studies, don't forget to immerse yourself in Ukrainian culture - this will help you understand the language on a deeper level. Good luck and happy learning!
+Congratulations! You now know how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian. Regular plurals follow specific patterns based on the gender and declension of the noun. Masculine and feminine nouns generally add the ending "-и" to form the plural, while neuter nouns usually add the ending "-а". However, there are also irregular plurals that must be memorized. Plural nouns are an important part of building your vocabulary and expressing yourself correctly in Ukrainian. Keep practicing and exploring the language to continue improving your Ukrainian skills.
 {{#seo:
-|title=Ukrainian Grammar Lesson: Plural Nouns | Learn Ukrainian
+|title=Ukrainian Grammar → Nouns and Gender → Plural Nouns
-|keywords=Ukrainian grammar, Plural nouns in Ukrainian, Regular plural nouns, Irregular plural nouns, Using plural nouns in sentences
+|keywords=Ukrainian grammar, Ukrainian nouns, Ukrainian gender, Ukrainian plural nouns
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form Ukrainian plural nouns, including regular and irregular plurals. Practice using plural nouns in sentences and get to know Ukrainian culture. }}
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form plural nouns in Ukrainian, including regular and irregular plurals. Practice using plural nouns in sentences.
+}}
 {{Ukrainian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 129: / Line 201: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Ukrainian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Videos==
+===Ukrainian Lesson 7. Plural Nouns - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUmGaKZvuNc</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.ukrainianlessons.com/grammar-plural-nouns/ Множина іменників - Plural of nouns in Ukrainian - Ukrainian Lessons]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_grammar Ukrainian grammar - Wikipedia]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-time,-place,-intention-and-cause|Adverbs of time, place, intention and cause]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Feminine|Feminine]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verbs---Reflexive-and-Imperative|Verbs Reflexive and Imperative]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Present-tense|Present tense]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Present-tense-Irregular-verbs|Present tense Irregular verbs]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/The-Alphabet|The Alphabet]]
+* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verb-to-like|Verb to like]]
-==Videos==
-===Ukrainian Lesson 7. Plural Nouns - YouTube===
-<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUmGaKZvuNc</youtube>
 {{Ukrainian-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Nouns-and-Their-Gender|◀️ Nouns and Their Gender — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Ukrainian/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>