Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Basic-prepositions

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◀️ Possessive pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions of time and place ▶️

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Standard Arabic → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions in Arabic → Basic prepositions

Introduction: In the previous lesson, we learned about pronouns in Arabic and how to use them in different contexts. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they help us refer to people, objects, and places without repeating their names. In this lesson, we will continue our journey through Arabic grammar by exploring the world of prepositions. Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence. They help us express location, time, direction, and many other important concepts. By understanding and mastering prepositions, you will be able to construct more complex sentences and convey your thoughts more accurately in Arabic.

What are prepositions?[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. They provide important information about location, time, direction, and manner. In Arabic, prepositions are called "ḥarf jar" (حرف جر), which literally translates to "a word of jar". The term "jar" refers to the grammatical case that follows the preposition.

Basic prepositions in Arabic[edit | edit source]

Arabic has a wide range of prepositions, each serving a specific function in a sentence. In this lesson, we will focus on some of the most commonly used basic prepositions in Arabic.

بـ (bi)[edit | edit source]

The preposition "بـ" (bi) is equivalent to the English prepositions "in" or "at". It is used to indicate location or time. When used with a noun, it is written as "بـ" (bi) followed by the noun. For example:

  • بيت (bayt) - "house"
  • بيتي (baytī) - "my house"
  • أنا في البيت (anā fī al-bayt) - "I am at home"

When used with a pronoun, the pronoun is attached to the preposition. For example:

  • بي (bī) - "in me" (literally), "inside me" (figuratively)
  • فيه (fīh) - "in it"

على (ʿalā)[edit | edit source]

The preposition "على" (ʿalā) is equivalent to the English preposition "on" or "over". It is used to indicate location or time. When used with a noun, it is written as "على" (ʿalā) followed by the noun. For example:

  • طاولة (ṭāwila) - "table"
  • على الطاولة (ʿalā al-ṭāwila) - "on the table"

When used with a pronoun, the pronoun is attached to the preposition. For example:

  • عليك (ʿalayka) - "on you"

في (fī)[edit | edit source]

The preposition "في" (fī) is equivalent to the English preposition "in" or "at". It is used to indicate location or time. When used with a noun, it is written as "في" (fī) followed by the noun. For example:

  • مدينة (madīna) - "city"
  • في المدينة (fī al-madīna) - "in the city"

When used with a pronoun, the pronoun is attached to the preposition. For example:

  • فينا (fīnā) - "in us"

مع (maʿa)[edit | edit source]

The preposition "مع" (maʿa) is equivalent to the English preposition "with". It is used to indicate companionship or possession. When used with a noun, it is written as "مع" (maʿa) followed by the noun. For example:

  • صديق (ṣadīq) - "friend"
  • مع الصديق (maʿa al-ṣadīq) - "with the friend"

When used with a pronoun, the pronoun is attached to the preposition. For example:

  • معهم (maʿahum) - "with them"

من (min)[edit | edit source]

The preposition "من" (min) is equivalent to the English preposition "from". It is used to indicate origin or source. When used with a noun, it is written as "من" (min) followed by the noun. For example:

  • بلد (balad) - "country"
  • من البلد (min al-balad) - "from the country"

When used with a pronoun, the pronoun is attached to the preposition. For example:

  • منها (minhā) - "from it"

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored some basic prepositions in Arabic and learned how to use them in different contexts. Prepositions are an essential part of any language, as they help us express location, time, and other important concepts. By practicing and using these prepositions in your everyday conversations, you will gradually become more comfortable and fluent in Arabic. In the next lesson, we will continue our journey through Arabic grammar by exploring prepositions of time and place.

Table of Contents - Standard Arabic Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Arabic script


Nouns and gender in Arabic


Verbs and conjugation in Arabic


Numbers and counting in Arabic


Everyday Arabic vocabulary


Food and drink vocabulary


Arabic customs and traditions


Arabic music and entertainment


Adjectives in Arabic


Pronouns in Arabic


Prepositions in Arabic


Interrogatives in Arabic


Adverbs in Arabic


Transportation vocabulary


Shopping and money vocabulary


Arabic literature and poetry


Arabic calligraphy and art


Weather vocabulary


Conditional sentences in Arabic


Passive voice in Arabic


Relative clauses in Arabic


Arabic adjectives and nouns


Arabic cinema and TV


Arabic fashion and beauty


Sports and leisure vocabulary



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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