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<div class="pg_page_title">Past Tense in Polish</div>
[[File:Poland-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
Hi Polish Learners! 😃


<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"


|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
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➡ In today's lesson we will learn How to construct the PAST TENSE in Polish.
{{Polish-Page-Top}}
 
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Polish|Polish]]  → [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
 
 
Happy learning!


__TOC__
__TOC__


==Introduction==
== Introduction ==
Like the [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-Tense|Polish Future Tense]], the Polish Past Tense has two aspects, perfective and imperfective, and is shown with the same pairs.
 
Polish past tense will tell you person, number, gender, and aspect.
 
===Basic rules===
Basic rules are as follows:
Directly after the verb stem, you can have e (or nothing) which indicate the person or object is masculine, a, which indicates feminine.


There's also i which indicates at least one or more Animate/living male persons, or y which indicates no animate/living male persons. Directly after these you may have m, which indicates first person, ś which indicates second, nothing, which indicates third singular or third plural, śmy which indicates first plural, or ście, which is second plural.  
In this lesson, we will explore the past tense in Polish. The past tense is used to talk about actions or events that have already happened. By learning how to form and use the past tense, you will be able to express yourself more accurately in Polish and engage in conversations about past experiences, stories, or historical events. We will cover regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. Let's dive into the fascinating world of the Polish past tense!


===Polish language-past tense - perfective and imperfective===
== Regular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
====Singular Number====
* '''1st person''': masculine, feminine
* '''2nd person''': masculine, feminine
* '''3rd person''': masculine, feminine, neuter


====Plural Number====
In Polish, regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem. The endings depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:
* '''1st person''': masculine , not masculine
* '''2nd person''': masculine, not masculine
* '''3rd person''': masculine, not masculine


=== Masculine Verbs ===


For clarity, examples will be given below.
==Perfective: Zrobić==
To conjugate a verb in the past tense, remove the -ć from the infinitive verb and add the ending:
===Singular===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Singular'''
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!'''Male'''
!'''Female'''
!'''Neuter'''
|-
|-
|1st (ja)
| uczyłem || ooch-eh-wem || I taught
|Zrobiłem
|Zrobiłam
|
|-
|-
|2nd (ty)
| uczyłeś || ooch-eh-wesh || you (singular) taught
|Zrobiłeś
|Zrobiłaś
|
|-
|-
|3rd (on, ona, ono)
| uczył || ooch-eh-wew || he taught
|Zrobił
|Zrobiła
|Zrobiło
|}
===Plural===
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Plural'''
!'''masculine (męskoosobowy)'''
!'''not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)'''
|-
|-
|1st (my)
| uczyliśmy || ooch-eh-weesh-m || we taught
|Zrobiliśmy
|Zrobiłyście
|-
|-
|2nd (wy)
| uczyliście || ooch-eh-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) taught
|Zrobiliście
|Zrobiłyście
|-
|-
|3rd (oni/one)
| uczyli || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
|Zrobili
|Zrobiły
|}
|}


==Imperfective: Próbować==
=== Feminine Verbs ===
===Singular===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Singular'''
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!'''Male'''
!'''Female'''
!'''Neuter'''
|-
|-
|1st (ja)
| uczyłam || ooch-eh-wam || I taught
|Próbowałem
|Próbowałam
|
|-
|-
|2nd (ty)
| uczyłaś || ooch-eh-wash || you (singular) taught
|Próbowałeś
|Próbowałaś
|
|-
|-
|3rd (on, ona, ono)
| uczyła || ooch-eh-vah || she taught
|Próbował
|Próbowała
|Próbowało
|}
===Plural===
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Plural'''
!'''masculine (męskoosobowy)'''
!'''not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)'''
|-
|-
|1st (my)
| uczyłyśmy || ooch-eh-wish-m || we taught
|Próbowaliśmy
|Próbowałyście
|-
|-
|2nd (wy)
| uczyłyście || ooch-eh-wish-tyeh || you (plural) taught
|Próbowaliście
|Próbowałyście
|-
|-
|3rd (oni/one)
| uczyły || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
|Próbowali
|Próbowały
|}
|}


== Irregularities ==
=== Neuter Verbs ===


Verbs in ''-eć'' change the -e- to -a-:
=== Mieć (to have) ===
==== Singular ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!Masculin
!Féminin
!Neutre
|-
|-
|'''Ja'''
| uczyło || ooch-eh-wo || it taught
|miałem
|miałam
|
|-
|-
|'''Ty'''
| uczyłyśmy || ooch-eh-wish-m || we taught
|miałeś
|miałaś
|
|-
|-
|'''On/ona/ono'''
| uczyłyście || ooch-eh-wish-tyeh || you (plural) taught
|miał
|-
|miała
| uczyły || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
|miało
|}
|}


==== Plural ====
=== Examples ===
{| class="wikitable"
 
!
Now let's see these verb forms in action with some examples:
!Viriles
 
!Non-viriles
* Ja uczyłem polskiego. (I taught Polish.)
|-
* Ty uczyłeś matematyki. (You taught math.)
|'''My'''
* On uczył historii. (He taught history.)
|mialiśmy
* My uczyliśmy angielskiego. (We taught English.)
|miałyśmy
* Wy uczyliście francuskiego. (You taught French.)
|-
* Oni uczyli niemieckiego. (They taught German.)
|'''Wy'''
 
|mialiście
== Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
|miałyście
|-
|'''Oni/one'''
|miali
|miały
|}


Verbs in ''-ąć'' change the -ą- to -ę- (except for masculine singulars).
While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs in Polish. These verbs have unique conjugations and do not follow the standard rules. It's important to memorize the conjugation of irregular verbs to use them correctly in sentences. Let's explore some common irregular verbs in the past tense:


Some verbs in ''nąć'' drop the -ną-.
=== Być (to be) ===


=== Iść - to go ===
The verb "być" (to be) is highly irregular in Polish and has its own unique conjugation in the past tense. Here are the forms for each gender and number:


==== Singular ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!''' '''
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!'''Masculine'''
!'''Feminine'''
!'''Neuter'''
|-
|-
|'''Ja'''
| byłem || bih-wem || I was
|szedłem
|szłam
|
|-
|-
|'''Ty'''
| byłeś || bih-wesh || you (singular) were
|szedłeś
|szłaś
|
|-
|-
|'''On/ona/ono'''
| był || bihw || he was
|szedł
|szła
|szło
|}
 
==== Plural ====
{| class="wikitable"
!''' '''
!'''Viriles'''
!'''Non-viriles'''
|-
|-
|'''My'''
| byliśmy || bih-weesh-m || we were
|szliśmy
|szłyśmy
|-
|-
|'''Wy'''
| byliście || bih-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) were
|szliście
|szłyście
|-
|-
|'''Oni/one'''
| byli || bih-wee || they were
|szli
|szły
|}
|}


=== Jeść - eat ===
=== Mieć (to have) ===
 
The verb "mieć" (to have) is another irregular verb in Polish. Here are its forms in the past tense:


==== Singulier ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!''' '''
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!'''Masculine'''
!'''Feminine'''
!'''Neuter'''
|-
|-
|'''Ja'''
| miałem || myah-wem || I had
|jadłem
|jadłam
|
|-
|-
|'''Ty'''
| miałeś || myah-wesh || you (singular) had
|jadłeś
|jadłaś
|
|-
|-
|'''On/ona/ono'''
| miał || myahw || he had
|jadł
|jadła
|jadło
|}
 
==== Pluriel ====
{| class="wikitable"
!''' '''
!'''Viriles'''
!'''Non-viriles'''
|-
|-
|'''My'''
| mieliśmy || myeh-leesh-m || we had
|jedliśmy
|jadłyśmy
|-
|-
|'''Wy'''
| mieliście || myeh-leesh-tyeh || you (plural) had
|jedliście
|jadłyście
|-
|-
|'''Oni/one'''
| mieli || myeh-lee || they had
|jedli
|jadły
|}
|}


==More examples==
=== Przyjść (to come) ===
 
The verb "przyjść" (to come) is irregular in the past tense as well. Let's take a look at its conjugation:
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!English
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!Polish
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |
| przyszedłem || pshih-shed-wem || I came
=== To love ===
|-
|-
|I loved
| przyszedłeś || pshih-shed-wesh || you (singular) came
|Já kochałem
|-
|-
|You loved
| przyszedł || pshih-shed-wew || he came
|Ty  kochałeś
|-
|-
|He loved
| przyszliśmy || pshih-shem-yesh-m || we came
|On  kochał
|-
|-
|We loved
| przyszliście || pshih-shem-yesh-tyeh || you (plural) came
|My  kochaliśmy
|-
|-
|You loved
| przyszli || pshih-shem-yee || they came
|Wy  kochaliście
|}
 
=== Examples ===
 
Here are some example sentences using irregular verbs in the past tense:
 
* Byłem w Polsce. (I was in Poland.)
* Miałeś dużo pracy. (You had a lot of work.)
* Przyszedł do mnie wczoraj. (He came to me yesterday.)
 
== Perfective and Imperfective Aspects ==
 
In Polish, verbs can be classified into two aspects: perfective and imperfective. The aspect of a verb indicates whether the action is seen as completed or ongoing. The past tense forms for perfective and imperfective verbs differ slightly. Let's explore the differences between the two aspects in the past tense:
 
=== Perfective Verbs ===
 
Perfective verbs in the past tense have a distinct set of endings. Here are the forms for each gender and number:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|They loved
| zrobiłem || zroh-bee-wem || I did
|Oni  kochali
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |
| zrobiłeś || zroh-bee-wesh || you (singular) did
=== To speak ===
|-
|-
|I spoke
| zrobił || zroh-beew || he did
|Já mówiłem
|-
|-
|You spoke
| zrobiliśmy || zroh-bee-weesh-m || we did
|Ty  mówiłeś
|-
|-
|He spoke
| zrobiliście || zroh-bee-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) did
|On  mówił
|-
|-
|We spoke
| zrobili || zroh-bee-wee || they did
|My  mówiliśmy
|}
 
=== Imperfective Verbs ===
 
The past tense forms for imperfective verbs have different endings compared to perfective verbs. Let's take a look:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|You spoke
| robiłem || roh-bee-wem || I was doing
|Wy  mówiliście
|-
|-
|They spoke
| robiłeś || roh-bee-wesh || you (singular) were doing
|Oni  mówili
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |
| robił || roh-beew || he was doing
=== To sleep ===
|-
|-
|I slept
| robiliśmy || roh-bee-weesh-m || we were doing
|Já spałem
|-
|-
|You slept
| robiliście || roh-bee-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) were doing
|Ty  spałeś
|-
|-
|He slept
| robili || roh-bee-wee || they were doing
|On  spał
|-
|We slept
|My  spaliśmy
|-
|You slept
|Wy  spaliście
|-
|They slept
|Oni  spali
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== To eat ===
|-
|I ate
|Já jadłem
|-
|You ate
|Ty  jadłeś
|-
|He ate
|On  jadł
|-
|We ate
|My  jedliśmy
|-
|You ate
|Wy  jedliście
|-
|They ate
|Oni  jedli
|}
|}
=== Examples ===
Let's see how perfective and imperfective verbs are used in sentences:
* Zrobiłem zadanie. (I did the task.) - perfective
* Robiłem zadanie. (I was doing the task.) - imperfective
* Zrobiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You did a present for me.) - perfective
* Robiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You were doing a present for me.) - imperfective
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use the past tense in Polish. We covered regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. By practicing the past tense, you will become more confident in expressing past events and experiences in Polish. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the rich world of Polish grammar and language!
{{#seo:
|title=Polish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense
|keywords=Polish grammar, Polish verbs, Polish past tense, regular verbs, irregular verbs, perfective aspect, imperfective aspect
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Polish, including regular and irregular verbs, and the difference between perfective and imperfective aspects.
}}
{{Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Polish-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Polish-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>


==Videos==
==Videos==
Line 359: Line 231:
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCtVWurtIrI</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCtVWurtIrI</youtube>


== Sources ==
 
* https://www.po-polsku.fr
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_grammar
 
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NonHfFiTKU
 
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCtVWurtIrI
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Polish|Definite Articles in Polish]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Declension-of-nouns---deklinacja-rzeczowników|Declension of nouns deklinacja rzeczowników]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
 
 
 
{{Polish-Page-Bottom}}
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 03:15, 17 June 2023

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

Poland-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Polish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the past tense in Polish. The past tense is used to talk about actions or events that have already happened. By learning how to form and use the past tense, you will be able to express yourself more accurately in Polish and engage in conversations about past experiences, stories, or historical events. We will cover regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. Let's dive into the fascinating world of the Polish past tense!

Regular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

In Polish, regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem. The endings depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:

Masculine Verbs[edit | edit source]

Polish Pronunciation English
uczyłem ooch-eh-wem I taught
uczyłeś ooch-eh-wesh you (singular) taught
uczył ooch-eh-wew he taught
uczyliśmy ooch-eh-weesh-m we taught
uczyliście ooch-eh-weesh-tyeh you (plural) taught
uczyli ooch-eh-wee they taught

Feminine Verbs[edit | edit source]

Polish Pronunciation English
uczyłam ooch-eh-wam I taught
uczyłaś ooch-eh-wash you (singular) taught
uczyła ooch-eh-vah she taught
uczyłyśmy ooch-eh-wish-m we taught
uczyłyście ooch-eh-wish-tyeh you (plural) taught
uczyły ooch-eh-wee they taught

Neuter Verbs[edit | edit source]

Polish Pronunciation English
uczyło ooch-eh-wo it taught
uczyłyśmy ooch-eh-wish-m we taught
uczyłyście ooch-eh-wish-tyeh you (plural) taught
uczyły ooch-eh-wee they taught

Examples[edit | edit source]

Now let's see these verb forms in action with some examples:

  • Ja uczyłem polskiego. (I taught Polish.)
  • Ty uczyłeś matematyki. (You taught math.)
  • On uczył historii. (He taught history.)
  • My uczyliśmy angielskiego. (We taught English.)
  • Wy uczyliście francuskiego. (You taught French.)
  • Oni uczyli niemieckiego. (They taught German.)

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs in Polish. These verbs have unique conjugations and do not follow the standard rules. It's important to memorize the conjugation of irregular verbs to use them correctly in sentences. Let's explore some common irregular verbs in the past tense:

Być (to be)[edit | edit source]

The verb "być" (to be) is highly irregular in Polish and has its own unique conjugation in the past tense. Here are the forms for each gender and number:

Polish Pronunciation English
byłem bih-wem I was
byłeś bih-wesh you (singular) were
był bihw he was
byliśmy bih-weesh-m we were
byliście bih-weesh-tyeh you (plural) were
byli bih-wee they were

Mieć (to have)[edit | edit source]

The verb "mieć" (to have) is another irregular verb in Polish. Here are its forms in the past tense:

Polish Pronunciation English
miałem myah-wem I had
miałeś myah-wesh you (singular) had
miał myahw he had
mieliśmy myeh-leesh-m we had
mieliście myeh-leesh-tyeh you (plural) had
mieli myeh-lee they had

Przyjść (to come)[edit | edit source]

The verb "przyjść" (to come) is irregular in the past tense as well. Let's take a look at its conjugation:

Polish Pronunciation English
przyszedłem pshih-shed-wem I came
przyszedłeś pshih-shed-wesh you (singular) came
przyszedł pshih-shed-wew he came
przyszliśmy pshih-shem-yesh-m we came
przyszliście pshih-shem-yesh-tyeh you (plural) came
przyszli pshih-shem-yee they came

Examples[edit | edit source]

Here are some example sentences using irregular verbs in the past tense:

  • Byłem w Polsce. (I was in Poland.)
  • Miałeś dużo pracy. (You had a lot of work.)
  • Przyszedł do mnie wczoraj. (He came to me yesterday.)

Perfective and Imperfective Aspects[edit | edit source]

In Polish, verbs can be classified into two aspects: perfective and imperfective. The aspect of a verb indicates whether the action is seen as completed or ongoing. The past tense forms for perfective and imperfective verbs differ slightly. Let's explore the differences between the two aspects in the past tense:

Perfective Verbs[edit | edit source]

Perfective verbs in the past tense have a distinct set of endings. Here are the forms for each gender and number:

Polish Pronunciation English
zrobiłem zroh-bee-wem I did
zrobiłeś zroh-bee-wesh you (singular) did
zrobił zroh-beew he did
zrobiliśmy zroh-bee-weesh-m we did
zrobiliście zroh-bee-weesh-tyeh you (plural) did
zrobili zroh-bee-wee they did

Imperfective Verbs[edit | edit source]

The past tense forms for imperfective verbs have different endings compared to perfective verbs. Let's take a look:

Polish Pronunciation English
robiłem roh-bee-wem I was doing
robiłeś roh-bee-wesh you (singular) were doing
robił roh-beew he was doing
robiliśmy roh-bee-weesh-m we were doing
robiliście roh-bee-weesh-tyeh you (plural) were doing
robili roh-bee-wee they were doing

Examples[edit | edit source]

Let's see how perfective and imperfective verbs are used in sentences:

  • Zrobiłem zadanie. (I did the task.) - perfective
  • Robiłem zadanie. (I was doing the task.) - imperfective
  • Zrobiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You did a present for me.) - perfective
  • Robiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You were doing a present for me.) - imperfective

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use the past tense in Polish. We covered regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. By practicing the past tense, you will become more confident in expressing past events and experiences in Polish. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the rich world of Polish grammar and language!

Table of Contents - Polish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Polish Customs and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

p1s - POLISH PAST TENSE[edit | edit source]

JAK WEEKEND? Past tense - step 1[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

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