Language/Dari/Grammar/Future-Tense

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Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Future Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Future Tense in Dari! Understanding the future tense is essential for expressing actions that will happen, allowing you to plan, predict, or simply share your thoughts about what is yet to come. Mastering this aspect of the language will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari, especially as you transition from a complete beginner to an A1 level speaker.

In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:

What is the Future Tense?

The future tense is used to describe actions that will occur after the present moment. In Dari, forming the future tense involves a particular structure that differs from English.

Forming the Future Tense

In Dari, the future tense is formed by using the present stem of the verb combined with specific suffixes. The structure is as follows:

• For regular verbs, the future tense suffix is typically -م (for I), -ی (for you singular), -د (for he/she/it), -یم (for we), -ید (for you plural), -ند (for they).

Here's how it looks in practice:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
می‌روم	mīrawam	I will go
می‌روی	mīrawī	You will go (singular)
می‌رود	mīrawad	He/She/It will go
می‌رویم	mīrawīm	We will go
می‌روید	mīrawīd	You will go (plural)
می‌روند	mīrawand	They will go

Usage in Sentences

The future tense can be used in various types of sentences. Here are some examples demonstrating its usage:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
فردا به بازار می‌روم.	fardā ba bāzār mīrawam.	Tomorrow, I will go to the market.
او به مدرسه می‌رود.	ū ba madrase mīrawad.	He/She will go to school.
ما امروز غذا می‌خوریم.	mā emrūz ghazā mīkhurīm.	We will eat food today.
شما فردا می‌آید.	shumā fardā mīāyad.	You will come tomorrow.
آنها به سینما می‌روند.	ānhā ba sīnemā mīrawand.	They will go to the cinema.

Simple Future vs. Continuous Future

In Dari, there are two forms of future tense: the simple future and the continuous future.

1. Simple Future: This is used to express a general action that will take place.

• Example: می‌خورم (I will eat).

2. Continuous Future: This describes an action that will be ongoing in the future.

• This is formed by using the future tense of the verb بودن (to be) plus the present participle of the main verb.

• Example: خواهم خورد (I will be eating).

To illustrate the differences between the two, let’s look at some examples:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
فردا می‌خوابم.	fardā mīkhwābam.	I will sleep tomorrow. (Simple Future)
فردا در حال خوابیدن خواهم بود.	fardā dar hāl-e khwābīdan khwāham bud.	I will be sleeping tomorrow. (Continuous Future)
او می‌خواند.	ū mīkhānad.	He/She will read. (Simple Future)
او در حال خواندن خواهد بود.	ū dar hāl-e khwāndan khāhad bud.	He/She will be reading. (Continuous Future)

Practice Exercises

Now that you have a solid understanding of the future tense, let's put it into practice! Here are ten exercises to help reinforce your learning.

1. Translate the following sentences into Dari using the future tense:

• I will go to the park.

• You will eat lunch.

• They will play football.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the future tense:

• من (خواندن) _______ کتاب.

• او (رفتن) _______ به خانه.

• ما (دیدن) _______ فیلم.

3. Convert the following simple future sentences into continuous future:

• من می‌خوانم.

• او می‌نویسد.

4. Identify whether the following sentences are in simple or continuous future:

• من خواهم خورد.

• او در حال مطالعه خواهد بود.

5. Create your own sentences in the future tense using the following verbs:

• رفتن (to go)

• خوردن (to eat)

• دیدن (to see)

6. Match the following English sentences with their Dari translations in the future tense:

• We will travel.

• You will help.

• They will come.

7. Conjugate the verb 'رفتن' (to go) in the future tense for all personal pronouns.

8. Write a short paragraph about your plans for tomorrow using the future tense.

9. Transform the following continuous future sentences to simple future:

• من در حال کار کردن خواهم بود.

• آنها در حال خرید هستند.

10. Practice listening comprehension by finding a short Dari poem or song and identify future tense verbs.

Solutions and Explanations

1.

• من به پارک می‌روم. (I will go to the park.)

• شما ناهار می‌خورید. (You will eat lunch.)

• آنها فوتبال بازی خواهند کرد. (They will play football.)

2.

• من کتاب خواهم خواند. (I will read a book.)

• او به خانه خواهد رفت. (He/She will go home.)

• ما فیلم خواهیم دید. (We will see a movie.)

3.

• من در حال خواندن خواهم بود. (I will be reading.)

• او در حال نوشتن خواهد بود. (He/She will be writing.)

4.

• من خواهم خورد. (Simple Future)

• او در حال مطالعه خواهد بود. (Continuous Future)

5.

• من می‌روم به پارک. (I will go to the park.)

• من می‌خورم ناهار. (I will eat lunch.)

• من می‌بینم فیلم. (I will see a movie.)

6.

• ما سفر خواهیم کرد. (We will travel.)

• شما کمک خواهید کرد. (You will help.)

• آنها خواهند آمد. (They will come.)

7.

• می‌روم، می‌روی، می‌رود، می‌رویم، می‌روید، می‌روند.

8. (This is a personalized response, so students will write their own.)

9.

• من خواهم کار کرد. (I will work.)

• آنها خواهند خرید. (They will shop.)

10. (Students will need to listen and identify verbs.)

As you can see, understanding the future tense in Dari allows you to express your intentions and plans with clarity. Keep practicing, and soon you'll feel more confident using this essential aspect of the language.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Pronouns and Verbs

• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verb Conjugation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Articles

• Noun Gender and Plurals
• Definite and Indefinite Articles

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Describing People and Things
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Adverbs

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Food Items
• Eating Out

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Basic Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

• Afghanistan and Iran
• Holidays and Celebrations

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel-related Vocabulary

  ---

Questions and Negations

• Asking Questions
• Negation

  ---

Weather and Seasons

• Weather Vocabulary
• Seasons

  ---

Past and Future Tenses

• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Dari Literature and Media

• Famous Dari Writers
• Dari Media

Sources

• A Learner's Grammar of Dari

Other Lessons

• How to Use Have
• Definite and Indefinite Articles
• Personal Pronouns
• Past Tense
• Give your Opinion
• Asking Questions
• Plurals
• Basic Prepositions
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Describing People and Things

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