Language/Dari/Grammar/Future-Tense
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we will delve into the future tense in Dari, an important aspect of the language that allows us to express actions or events that will happen after the present moment. Understanding the future tense is essential for effective communication in Dari, as it enables us to talk about plans, intentions, predictions, and expectations. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
Forming the Future Tense[edit | edit source]
To form the future tense in Dari, we primarily use the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) which means "will" in English. The auxiliary verb is followed by the base form of the main verb. Let's take a look at some examples:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| آن خواهد آمد. | ān khāhad āmad. | He will come. |
| تو غذا خواهی خورد. | to ghazā khāhī khord. | You will eat food. |
| ما به کلاس خواهیم رفت. | mā be kels khāhim raft. | We will go to the class. |
| شما کتاب خواهید خواند. | shomā ketāb khāhīd khānd. | You will read a book. |
| آنها خواهند خندید. | ānhā khāhand khandid. | They will laugh. |
It's important to note that the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) does not change based on the subject. It remains the same for all pronouns. Only the base form of the main verb changes based on the subject.
Usage of the Future Tense[edit | edit source]
The future tense is used in various situations in Dari. Let's explore some of the common ways in which it is used:
1. Expressing Future Actions or Events[edit | edit source]
One of the primary uses of the future tense is to express actions or events that will happen after the present moment. For example:
- آنها فردا به کافه می‌روند.
(ānhā fardā be kāfe miravand.) They will go to the cafe tomorrow.
- من فردا با دوستم دیدار می‌کنم.
(man fardā bā dustam didār mikonam.) I will meet my friend tomorrow.
In these examples, the future tense is used to convey the idea that the action of going to the cafe and meeting the friend will take place in the future.
2. Making Predictions or Assumptions[edit | edit source]
The future tense can also be used to make predictions or assumptions about future events. For example:
- فکر می‌کنم فردا باران می‌بارد.
(fekr mikonam fardā bārān mibārad.) I think it will rain tomorrow.
- شاید او فردا بیاید.
(shāyad ū fardā biāyad.) Maybe he will come tomorrow.
In these examples, the future tense is used to express the speaker's thoughts, predictions, or assumptions about future events.
3. Talking about Plans or Intentions[edit | edit source]
The future tense is commonly used to talk about plans or intentions. For example:
- من فردا به سینما می‌روم.
(man fardā be sinemā miravam.) I will go to the cinema tomorrow.
- او تصمیم گرفته است فردا به گیم‌سنتر برود.
(ū tasmeem gerefte ast fardā be game-senter beravad.) He has decided to go to the game center tomorrow.
Here, the future tense is used to convey the speaker's plans or intentions for the future.
Simple Future vs. Continuous Future[edit | edit source]
In Dari, the future tense can be expressed in two forms: the simple future and the continuous future. Let's explore the difference between these two forms:
Simple Future[edit | edit source]
The simple future tense is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future without any interruption. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) followed by the base form of the main verb. Here are some examples:
- آنها فردا خواهند آمد.
(ānhā fardā khāhand āmad.) They will come tomorrow.
- شما به پارک خواهید رفت.
(shomā be pārk khāhīd raft.) You will go to the park.
Continuous Future[edit | edit source]
The continuous future tense is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future with a sense of continuity or duration. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "دارد" (dārad) meaning "will be" followed by the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. Let's look at some examples:
- آنها فردا خواهند بود.
(ānhā fardā khāhand bood.) They will be coming tomorrow.
- شما در حال خواهید رفت.
(shomā dar hāl khāhīd raft.) You will be going.
The continuous future tense emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action or event in the future.
Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]
The usage of the future tense in Dari is influenced by cultural factors and historical reasons. In Afghan culture, for example, there is often a strong emphasis on planning and making future arrangements. It is common for individuals to discuss their plans and intentions for the future in conversations. This cultural context has led to the frequent use of the future tense in Dari language. Additionally, Afghanistan's historical experiences, including periods of war and instability, have shaped the way Afghans think about and talk about the future. The future tense can be used to express hope, optimism, and a sense of moving forward.
Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now, let's practice what we have learned. Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the future tense:
1. She will study for the exam tomorrow. 2. We will visit our grandparents next week. 3. Will you come to the party? 4. I will buy a new car in the future. 5. They will learn Dari in this course.
Solution:
1. او فردا برای آزمون مطالعه خواهد کرد. (ū fardā barāy-e āzmūn motāle'eh khāhad kard.)
2. ما هفته آینده به مادربزرگ‌هایمان سر خواهیم زد. (mā hafte-ye āyande be mādarbozorg-hā-ye mān sar khāhim zad.)
3. آیا تو به مهمانی می‌آیی؟ (āyā to be mehmāni miāī?)
4. من در آینده یک ماشین جدید خرید خواهم کرد. (man dar āyande yek māshīn-e jadīd kharīd khāham kard.)
5. آنها در این دوره داری را خواهند آموخت. (ānhā dar īn dore dāri rā khāhand āmūkht.)
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the future tense in Dari, including how to form it, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future. This knowledge will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari and express future actions, plans, and predictions. Keep practicing and incorporating the future tense into your conversations to solidify your understanding. Well done!
Videos[edit | edit source]
Future tense in Farsi Dari language - آموزش زبان فارسی دری - زمان ...[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- How to Use Have
- Definite and Indefinite Articles
- Personal Pronouns
- Past Tense
- Give your Opinion
- Asking Questions
- Plurals
- Basic Prepositions
- Comparatives and Superlatives
- Describing People and Things
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