Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Using-Conjunctions
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In this lesson, you will learn how to use conjunctions in Turkmen such as and, or, but, and because. Conjunctions are an essential part of Turkmen grammar as they help to build more complex and clear sentences. Throughout the lesson, we will provide cultural information and interesting facts to help illustrate the concepts being taught. So get ready for an engaging and practical lesson on conjunctions in the Turkmen language!
Introduction
Conjunctions are words that connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses. In Turkmen, conjunctions are essential for building sentences and for creating smooth transitions between thoughts. This lesson will focus on the most commonly used conjunctions, which are:
- hem (and)
- ýa-da (or)
- emma (but)
- sebäpli (because)
We will practice using these conjunctions in various contexts and explore different examples, so you can gain a deeper understanding of how to use them in Turkmen sentences.
Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Plurals & Adjectives.
Using "hem" (and)
The conjunction "hem" (and) is used to connect two or more words or phrases that have a similar or related meaning, and often, it can imply an addition or connection of the elements being joined.
Examples:
| Turkmen | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Men Aýgyl hem Gurbannepes bilen söhbetleşdim. | Men Aygyl hem Gurbannepes bilen sohbetleshdim. | I talked with Aygyl and Gurbannepes. |
| Eýran hem ýüzgüçli çäýy icheris. | Eiran hem yuzguchli chaiy icheris. | Eran drinks tea with lemon and sugar. |
Notice that in the second example, "hem" connects "ýüzgüçli" (sugar) and "eýran" (lemon), indicating that both elements are included in the tea.
Cultural Tip: Tea in Turkmenistan
Turkmen people often enjoy tea throughout the day, as it plays an essential role in social gatherings and daily life. It is customary to serve tea with sweets, dried fruits, fresh fruits, and nuts. Hosting guests and offering tea is a sign of hospitality and friendship in Turkmenistan.
Using "ýa-da" (or)
The conjunction "ýa-da" (or) is used when presenting two or more choices or alternatives in a sentence. Using "ýa-da" can create a sense of optionality between the elements being connected.
Examples:
| Turkmen | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Sen şu gün geler ýa-da ertir? | Sen shu gun geler ya-da ertir? | Will you come today or tomorrow? |
| Men gaz ýa-da goş çenli gutap aljak. | Men gaz ya-da gosh chenli gutap aljak. | I will buy bread with cheese or meat. |
In both examples, we see that "ýa-da" is presenting different options or choices within the context of the sentences.
Using "emma" (but)
The conjunction "emma" (but) is used to indicate a contrast or opposition between two phrases, ideas, or elements. It can introduce a limitation, an exception or a contrast between the elements being connected.
Examples:
| Turkmen | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Men kitap okap başladyk, emma seýre gidiler. | Men kitap okap bashladyk, emma seyre gidiler. | I started reading a book, but I got distracted. |
| Hudaýnazara hemişe maksatly bol, emma käbir agşamlaryň ertiri gowy tanamal. | Hudaynazara hemishe maksatly bol, emma kabir agshamlaryn ertiri gowy tanamal. | Hudaýnazara is always focused, but she doesn't handle mornings well. |
In these examples, "emma" introduces a contrast within the context of the sentences.
Using "sebäpli" (because)
The conjunction "sebäpli" (because) is used to explain the reason or cause behind a thought or action in a sentence. It helps to connect the cause with the effect, reasoning, or consequence.
Examples:
| Turkmen | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Men telekeçlik çenli söýgi bilen gidip bilmen, sebäpli men biraz agżymda agrym bardyr. | Men telekechlik chenli soygi bilen gidip bilmen, sebapli men biraz agzymda agrym bardyr. | I can't go to the dentist because I have a slight toothache. |
| Ayşe dükana gidip bilmedi, sebäpli ol öýde öz beslen ýaşunyry. | Aishe dukana gidip bilmedi, sebapli ol oyde oz beslen yashunyry. | Ayşe couldn't go to the store because she is looking after her younger brother at home. |
In both examples, "sebäpli" provides the reasoning or cause behind the stated situations.
Conclusion
Now that you have learned about using conjunctions in Turkmen, you can start practicing by combining different words and phrases in your own sentences. Remember to always keep the context and meaning of the conjunctions in mind and make sure they convey the appropriate relationship between the elements being connected. We hope that this lesson helped you gain a deeper understanding of conjunctions in the Turkmen language and that you can apply this knowledge in your studies and conversations.
With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: Pronouns & Future Tense.
Other Lessons
- 0 to A1 Course
- Word order
- Question Words
- Question particle–my mi
- Verbs
- Gender
- Give your Opinion
- The Case system
- Plurals
- Adjective Agreement
Sources
| ◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Common Hobbies ▶️ |