Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Future-Tense
Hi Turkmen learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be learning about the future tense in Turkmen. The future tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future. To use this tense, we will need to know the future tense markers and the conjugation of verbs in the future tense. Don't worry, we will explain everything step-by-step with plenty of examples to make it easy for you to understand. But before we dive in, let's first learn some interesting facts about the Turkmen language and culture.
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Basic Verb Conjugation & Common Prepositions.
Fun Facts about Turkmen[edit | edit source]
- Turkmen is a Turkic language spoken mainly in Turkmenistan, although it is also spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey. - Turkmenistan is known for its large gas reserves and is one of the world's top 10 natural gas producers. - The Turkmen flag features a green field with a white crescent and five white stars, which represent the five regions of Turkmenistan. - Turkmenistan gained independence from the Soviet Union on October 27, 1991, and celebrates its independence day on this day every year.
Now that we've learned a bit about Turkmenistan and the Turkmen language, let's move to the grammar lesson.
Future Tense Markers[edit | edit source]
To form the future tense in Turkmen, we add the future tense markers to the end of the verb stem. The future tense markers are -ar, -er, and -yar. The choice of marker depends on the last vowel in the verb stem. If the last vowel is a or e, we use -ar or -er respectively. If the last vowel is i, u, ö, or ü, we use -yar. Let's look at some examples to make it clear:
| Turkmen | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| syr-a-nmak | sYränmak | to sleep (formal) |
| ýaz-ar | yazär | to write |
| dyn-yar-yp çykmak | dyn'yaryp chykmak | to go out smiling |
| süý-üp-bar | süýüpbar | to carry |
Conjugation of Verbs in Future Tense[edit | edit source]
To conjugate verbs in the future tense, we take the verb stem and add the appropriate future tense marker. Let's again illustrate this with some examples:
| Turkmen | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Men syr-a-rýn | Men sYrärýn | I will sleep (formal) |
| Sen ýaz-a-caksan | Sen yazacaksan | You will write |
| Ol dyn-yar-yp çyk-a-r | Ol dyn'yaryp chykär | He/she will go out smiling |
| Biz süý-üp-ba-rýs | Biz süýüpbarýs | We will carry |
| Siz ädim-cik yglap ýaz-a-rsyz | Siz ädimcik yglap yazarsyz | You will write without skipping any lines |
Note that in Turkmen, the pronoun is usually dropped, as the verb ending already indicates the subject of the sentence.
Examples in Dialogue[edit | edit source]
Let's see some examples of the future tense in dialogue:
- Person 1: Yarýar saýtla alnyp gap öýdýärin. (I will buy a new computer tomorrow.)
- Person 2: Gut! Kömek etmek isleýän boýunyzy çekýärin. (Great! I will be available to help.)
- Person 1: Maňa almak üçin, erbet getýärin. (If you come late to pick me up, it will be bad for me.)
- Person 2: Habar berdim. Iki minut öňä gelýärin. (Noted. I will be there two minutes early.)
Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]
Conjugate the verb özlemek (to miss) in the future tense for the following pronouns: Sen, Ol, Biz, Siz.
| Pronoun | Turkmen Future Tense |
|---|---|
| Sen | özle-äcsen |
| Ol | özle-är |
| Biz | özle-äris |
| Siz | özle-caksyz |
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations, you have now learned the basics of the future tense in Turkmen. As with any language, practice is key to mastering the grammar. To improve your Turkmen Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions! Don't forget to check out the Turkmen Grammar section on the Polyglot Club website for more grammar lessons in Turkmen.
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Sources[edit | edit source]
Upon wrapping up this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Using Conjunctions & Questions.
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Some Continous Moods
- The Subjunctive Mood
- Pronouns
- The Case system
- Negation
- Verbs
- Questions
- Question words
- Adjectives