Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Consonants

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◀️ Vowels — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Greetings ▶️

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Bulgarian Grammar → Alphabet and sounds → Consonants

Hello, and welcome to this lesson on Bulgarian consonants! As your Bulgarian language teacher for the past 20 years, I am thrilled to introduce you to the complex world of Bulgarian consonants. Bulgarian has a total of 30 consonants, and mastering them is the key to achieving fluency in the language. In this lesson, we will focus on the most important consonant sounds and letter combinations in Bulgarian.


Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Comparatives and Superlatives & DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS – Показателни местоимения.

Consonant sounds

Bulgarian consonants can be divided into several different groups based on their sound characteristics. The most important groups are:

Voiceless consonants

Voiceless consonants are pronounced with the vocal cords not vibrating. In Bulgarian, the voiceless consonants are:

Bulgarian Pronunciation English
п p p
т t t
к k k
ч č (ch) ch
ш š (sh) sh
щ sht sht
ф f f
с s s

Voiced consonants

Voiced consonants are pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating. In Bulgarian, the voiced consonants are:

Bulgarian Pronunciation English
б b b
д d d
г g g
ж ž (zh) zh
з z z
ю j (y) y
в v v
л l l
м m m
н n n
р r r
й j (y) y

It is important to note that the Bulgarian letters "дж" and "дз" represent single sounds in Bulgarian, but they are considered combinations of the sounds "д" and "ж", and "д" and "з", respectively.

Nasal consonants

Nasal consonants are pronounced with the air flowing through the nose. In Bulgarian, the nasal consonants are:

Bulgarian Pronunciation English
м m m
н n n

Letter combinations

Bulgarian has several letter combinations that represent single consonant sounds. These include:

  • "ж" (zh) - a combination of "з" and "х" sounds
  • "ш" (sh) - a combination of "с" and "х" sounds
  • "ч" (ch) - a combination of "т" and "ш" sounds
  • "щ" (sht) - a combination of "ш" and "т" sounds
  • "дж" (dzh) - a combination of "д" and "ж" sounds
  • "дз" (dz) - a combination of "д" and "з" sounds

It is important to note that some of these letter combinations are also represented by single letters in the Cyrillic alphabet.

Practice

Practice is key to mastering Bulgarian consonants. Here are some words to practice each of the consonant sounds we discussed:

  • п - пук (puk) - to burst
  • т - топ (top) - hot
  • к - кит (kit) - whale
  • ч - чанта (chanta) - bag
  • ш - шум (shum) - noise
  • щ - щурец (shturets) - squirrel
  • ф - философия (filosofiya) - philosophy
  • с - син (sin) - blue
  • б - банан (banan) - banana
  • д - дете (dete) - child
  • г - глас (glas) - voice
  • ж - жито (zhito) - wheat
  • з - звезда (zvezda) - star
  • ю - юли (yuli) - July
  • в - весел (vesel) - happy
  • л - любов (lyubov) - love
  • м - мед (med) - honey
  • н - нос (nos) - nose
  • р - радост (radost) - joy
  • й - май (may) - May

I hope this lesson has been helpful and informative! Don't hesitate to practice, and remember that mastering Bulgarian consonants takes time and patience.

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