Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Pronouns
Hi Bulgarian learners! π
In this lesson, we will learn about pronouns in Bulgarian grammar. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and they help us communicate more efficiently. We will cover some basic pronouns, such as personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, and relative pronouns.
Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS ..., GENERALIZING PRONOUNS ..., GENDER AND NUMBER OF ADJECTIVES β Π ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ & Give your Opinion.
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Personal pronouns are used to refer to a specific person or thing. In Bulgarian, these pronouns change depending on whether they are the subject or object of a sentence. Let's take a look at the personal pronouns in Bulgarian:
Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ΠΠ· | Az | I, me |
Π’ΠΈ | Ti | You (singular) |
Π’ΠΎΠΉ | Toy | He, him |
Π’Ρ | Tya | She, her |
Π’ΠΎ | To | It |
ΠΠΈΠ΅ | Nie | We, us |
ΠΠΈΠ΅ | Vie | You (plural) |
Π’Π΅ | Te | They, them |
Here are some examples of personal pronouns used in sentences:
- ΠΠ· Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ. (Az govorya balgarski.) - I speak Bulgarian.
- Π’ΠΈ ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π». (Ti si moy priyatel.) - You are my friend.
- Π’ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. (Toy haresva sporta.) - He likes sports.
- Π’Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°. (Tya raboti v bibliotekata.) - She works in the library.
- Π’ΠΎ Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. (To e golyamo jivotno.) - It is a big animal.
- ΠΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ΅. (Nie obichame da patuvame.) - We love to travel.
- ΠΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. (Vie ste moite uchiteli.) - You are my teachers.
- Π’Π΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ. (Te lyubyat da igrayat.) - They love to play.
Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. They correspond to different genders, numbers, and cases in Bulgarian. Let's look at some examples:
Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ΠΌΠΎΠΉ | moy | my (masculine) |
ΠΌΠΎΡ | moya | my (feminine) |
ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ | moye | my (neuter) |
ΠΌΠΎΠΈ | moi | my (plural) |
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ | tvoy | your (masculine) |
ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ | tvoya | your (feminine) |
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ | tvoe | your (neuter) |
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ | tvoi | your (plural) |
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ² | negov | his |
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° | negova | his |
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ | negovo | his |
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ | negovi | his (plural) |
Π½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ | neyn | her |
Π½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π° | neyna | her |
Π½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ | neyno | her |
Π½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈ | neyni | her (plural) |
Π½Π°Ρ | nash | our |
Π½Π°ΡΠ° | nasha | our |
Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ | nashe | our |
Π½Π°ΡΠΈ | nashi | our (plural) |
Π²Π°Ρ | vash | your (formal) |
Π²Π°ΡΠ° | vasha | your (formal) |
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ | vashe | your (formal) |
Π²Π°Ρ | vash | your (formal, masculine) |
Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° | vashata | your (formal, feminine) |
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ | vasheto | your (formal, neuter) |
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ | vashite | your (formal, plural) |
ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π½ | tehen | their |
ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° | tehna | their |
ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎ | tehno | their |
ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈ | tehni | their (plural) |
Here are some examples of possessive pronouns used in sentences:
- ΠΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅. (Moyat kuche obicha da igrae.) - My dog likes to play.
- Π’Π²ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ°Ρ Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½. (Tvoyat brat e mnogo umen.) - Your brother is very smart.
- ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π°. (Negovata kola e chervena.) - His car is red.
- ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°. (Neyniyat plan e da patuva.) - Her plan is to travel.
- ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅. (Nashite detsa poseshchavat uchilishte.) - Our children attend school.
- ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈ. (Vashite roditeli sa mnogo gordi.) - Your parents are very proud.
- Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ. (Tekhnite priyateli idvat skoro.) - Their friends are coming soon.
Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate a specific object or group of objects. In Bulgarian, there are two types of demonstrative pronouns - this and that, and their plural forms these and those. Let's take a look at the examples below:
Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ | tozi | this (masculine) |
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ | tazi | this (feminine) |
ΡΠΎΠ²Π° | tova | this (neuter) |
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ | tezi | these (plural) |
ΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈ | onzi | that (masculine) |
ΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈ | onazi | that (feminine) |
ΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈ | onzi | that (neuter) |
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ | oniya | those (plural) |
Here are some examples of demonstrative pronouns used in sentences:
- Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ. (Tozi chovek govori rumynski.) - This man speaks Romanian.
- Π’Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π΅ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊ. (Tazi kniga e na balgarski ezik.) - This book is in Bulgarian.
- Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ. (Tova jivotno e mnogo opasno.) - This animal is very dangerous.
- Π’Π΅Π·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. (Tezi hora sa moi priyateli.) - These people are my friends.
- ΠΠ½Π·ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ². (Onzi kray e mnogo krasiv.) - That area is very beautiful.
- ΠΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Ρ Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°. (Onazi roklya e mnogo skapa.) - That dress is very expensive.
- ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎ Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ. (Onova myasto e prazno.) - That place is empty.
- ΠΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ. (Oniya knigi sa mnogo interesni.) - Those books are very interesting.
Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Interrogative pronouns are used in questions to ask for information. In Bulgarian, the interrogative pronouns are ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠ² (what), ΠΊΠΎΠΉ (who), ΠΊΠΎΡ (who - feminine), ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎ (how many), ΠΊΡΠ΄Π΅ (where), ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ (how), and ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π° (when). Let's take a look at some examples:
Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠ² | kakuv | what |
ΠΊΠΎΠΉ | koy | who (masculine) |
ΠΊΠΎΡ | koya | who (feminine) |
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎ | kolko | how many |
ΠΊΡΠ΄Π΅ | kade | where |
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ | kak | how |
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π° | koga | when |
Here are some examples of interrogative pronouns used in sentences:
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ? (Kakuv tsvyat predpochitash?) - What color do you prefer?
- ΠΠΎΠΉ Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ? (Koy e tozi chovek?) - Who is this man?
- ΠΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉ-ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ? (Koya pesen obichash nay-mnogo?) - Which song do you like the most?
- ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ? (Kolko yabalki iskash?) - How many apples do you want?
- ΠΡΠ΄Π΅ Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°? (Kade e moyata chanta?) - Where is my bag?
- ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ? (Kak beshe imeto ti otnovo?) - What was your name again?
- ΠΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅? (Koga shte doydes utre?) - When will you come tomorrow?
Relative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Relative pronouns are used to connect one phrase or clause to another within a sentence. In Bulgarian, the most common relative pronouns are ΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΠΎ (who, which), ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ (which - feminine), ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ (which - neuter), ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎ (whom), and ΠΊΠΎΡΡo (which - neuter). Let's look at some examples:
Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΠΎ | koyto | who, which (masculine) |
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ | koyato | which (feminine) |
ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ | koe | which (neuter) |
ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎ | kogoto | whom |
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ | koyato | which (neuter) |
Here are some examples of relative pronouns used in sentences:
- Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈ. (Tova e chovekut, koyto pomogna na mayka mi.) - This is the man who helped my mother.
- Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. (Tova e knigata, koyato iskam da procheta.) - This is the book that I want to read.
- Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΄Π°Π» Π² Π·ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°. (Tova e jivotnoto, koeto sam vizhdal v zooparka.) - This is the animal that I saw in the zoo.
- Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ , Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π·Π΅Π½. (Tozi chovek, kogoto sreshtnah, beshe mnogo lyubezen.) - The man whom I met was very kind.
- Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°. (Tova e myastoto, kade smΠ΅ bili minalata godina.) - This is the place where we were last year.
To improve your Bulgarian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Sources[edit | edit source]
Videos[edit | edit source]
Verbs in Bulgarian: Personal Pronouns, Present, Past and Future ...[edit | edit source]
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- Negation
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