Language/Turkish/Grammar/Adjectives
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| ◀️ Verbs — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Pronouns ▶️ |
Today, we're going to talk about adjectives and how to use them in Turkish.
What are Adjectives?
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, and they come before the noun in Turkish. Unlike in English, where we usually use adjectives after the noun, Turkish adjectives go before the noun they describe.
For example, let's look at the sentence "the red apple" in English. In Turkish, this would be "kırmızı elma," with "kırmızı" (meaning "red") coming before "elma" (meaning "apple").
Now, let's dive into some more specifics about using adjectives in Turkish:
Agreement with the noun
In Turkish, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in terms of number (singular/plural) and possession (possessive/non-possessive). This means that if the noun is plural or possessive, the adjective should also be plural or possessive.
For example:
- "The big houses" would be "büyük evler" in Turkish, with "büyük" (meaning "big") taking the plural form to match "evler" (meaning "houses").
- "My beautiful country" would be "güzel ülkem" in Turkish, with "güzel" (meaning "beautiful") taking the possessive form to match "ülkem" (meaning "my country").
Adjective order
When there are multiple adjectives describing a noun in Turkish, they should follow a specific order. This order is: quantity/number, quality/opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material.
For example:
- "The three delicious Turkish kebabs" would be "üç lezzetli Türk kebabı" in Turkish, with "üç" (meaning "three") coming first, followed by "lezzetli" (meaning "delicious"), "Türk" (meaning "Turkish"), and "kebabı" (meaning "kebabs").
Comparison of adjectives
In Turkish, adjectives can be compared using the words "daha" (meaning "more") and "en" (meaning "most"). To make a comparison, add "daha" or "en" before the adjective.
For example:
- "The blue dress is more beautiful than the green dress" would be "Mavi elbise yeşil elbiseden daha güzel" in Turkish, with "daha güzel" (meaning "more beautiful") added before "güzel" (meaning "beautiful").
That's it for this beginner's lesson on Turkish adjectives! I hope this has been helpful for you as you begin to learn and practice using adjectives in Turkish. Remember to practice using them in context to really solidify your understanding, and don't be afraid to make mistakes - that's all part of the learning process!
Common Turkish Adjectives
| ENGLISH | PRONUNCIATION ENGLISH | TURKISH |
|---|---|---|
| OPEN | ah chahk | AÇIK |
| TALL | ou zoun boy lou | UZUN BOYLU |
| YELLOW | sah ruh | SARI |
| BLUE | mah vih | MAVİ |
| CHEAP | ou jouz | UCUZ |
| DRUNK | sahr hoh sh | SARHOŞ |
| GOOD | ih eh | İYİ |
| BEAUTIFUL | gew zehl | GÜZEL |
| WHITE | bay ahz | BEYAZ |
| I AM TIRED | yohr gou noum | YORGUNUM |
| EXPENSIVE | pah hah luh | PAHALI |
| I AM SURE | eh mih nihm | EMİNİM |
| FULL | doh lou | DOLU |
| SLOW | yah vah sh | YAVAŞ |
| DIFFERENT | fahr klih | FARKLI |
| HARD | zohr | ZOR |
| EASY | kah lah ih | KOLAY |
| I AM HUNGRY | ah tchuhm | AÇIM |
| CLOSED | kah pah luh | KAPALI |
| I AM HAPPY | mou tlou youm | MUTLUYUM |
| COLD | soh ook | SOĞUK |
| BIG | bew ih ewk | BÜYÜK |
| HUGE | chohk bew ih ewk | ÇOK BÜYÜK |
| COST-FREE | ew djih reh tsihz | ÜCRETSİZ |
| IMPORTANT | er nehm lih | ÖNEMLİ |
| IMPOSSIBLE | ihm kahn suhz | İMKANSIZ |
| SMART | ah kuh luh | AKILLI |
| INTERNATIONAL | ou lous lah rah rah suh | ULUSLARARASI |
| YOUNG | gehn ch | GENÇ |
| FREE | boh shoum | BOŞUM |
| FAR | ou zahk | UZAK |
| SAME ... | ah ih nuh ... | AYNI ... |
| SAME THING | ah ih nuh shay ... | AYNI ŞEY |
| NATIONAL | ou loou sahl | ULUSAL |
| NECESSARY | geh reh klih | GEREKLİ |
| NORMAL | nohr mahl | NORMAL |
| NEW | yeh nih | YENİ |
| NEVER | hih ch | HIÇ |
| I AM BUSY | mehsh gou lewm | MEŞGULÜM |
| THE TELEPHONE
IS BUSY |
teh leh fohn
mehsh goul |
TELEFON
MEŞGUL |
| OTHER | bah she kah | BAŞKA |
| SMALL | kew chewk | KÜÇÜK |
| DANGEROUS | tehH lih keh lih | TEHLİKELİ |
| NEAR | yah kuhn | YAKIN |
| NEAR OF THE HOTEL | oh teh lihn
yah kuh nihn dah |
OTELİN YAKININDA |
| BLACK | see ahH | SİYAH |
| HOT | suh jahk | SICAK |
| FAST | huhz luh | HIZLI |
| LATE | gehch | GEÇ |
| OLD | ehs kih | ESKİ |
| OLD (THINGS) | ehs kih (shay lehr) | ESKİ (ŞEYLER) |
| GREEN | yeh shihl | YEŞİL |
| RED | kuhr muh zuh | KIRMIZI |
| ◀️ Verbs — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Pronouns ▶️ |