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In this lesson, we will learn about the basic rules of syntax in Persian, specifically focusing on the word order in Persian sentences. Understanding the word order is crucial for building grammatically correct Persian sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to construct simple sentences in Persian with the correct word order.
In this lesson, we will learn about the basic rules of syntax in Persian. Specifically, we will focus on the word order in Persian sentences, including the order of subject, object, and verb. Understanding the correct word order is essential for effective communication in Persian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to construct simple sentences with the correct word order and convey your thoughts more accurately.


== Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) Order ==
== Sentence structure in Persian ==
 
Before we dive into the word order, let's briefly discuss the general sentence structure in Persian. Persian follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, which means that the subject comes first, followed by the object, and finally the verb. This is different from English, which typically follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order. Understanding this fundamental difference is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Persian.
Persian is an example of a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) language, which means that the typical word order in a sentence is subject followed by object and then the verb. This is the most common sentence structure in Persian and is used in simple declarative sentences.
 
Let's look at an example:


Let's take a look at an example sentence in Persian:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
Line 26: Line 24:
| مادر || mādar || mother
| مادر || mādar || mother
|-
|-
| نانوا || nānva || baker
| سیب || sib || apple
|-
|-
| نان || nān || bread
| می‌خورد || mikhord || eats
|}
Translation: The mother eats an apple.
 
As you can see, the subject "مادر" (mother) comes first, followed by the object "سیب" (apple), and finally the verb "می‌خورد" (eats).
 
== Word order in simple sentences ==
Now that we understand the general sentence structure in Persian, let's explore the word order in different types of simple sentences.
 
=== Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order ===
As mentioned earlier, Persian follows an SOV order. In this word order, the subject is followed by the object and then the verb. Let's look at some examples:
 
==== Example 1 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| من || man || I
|-
|-
| می‌پزد || mipazad || bakes
| کتاب || ketāb || book
|-
|-
| . || . || .
| می‌خوانم || mikhanam || read
|}
|}
Translation: I read a book.


In this example, the word order is "مادر نانوا نان می‌پزد" (mādar nānva nān mipazad), which translates to "The baker's mother bakes bread."
In this example, the subject "من" (I) comes first, followed by the object "کتاب" (book), and finally the verb "می‌خوانم" (read).


Notice how the subject "مادر" (mādar) comes first, followed by the object "نانوا" (nānva), and finally the verb "می‌پزد" (mipazad). This is the basic word order in Persian sentences.
==== Example 2 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| تو || to || you
|-
| ماشین || māshin || car
|-
| می‌خری || mikhari || buy
|}
Translation: You buy a car.


== Exceptions to the SOV Order ==
Here, the subject "تو" (you) precedes the object "ماشین" (car), and then the verb "می‌خری" (buy).


While the SOV order is the most common in Persian, there are some exceptions to this rule. Let's take a look at a few of them:
=== Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) order ===
Although the most common word order in Persian is SOV, there are instances where the object comes before the subject. This is known as the OSV order. Let's see some examples:


=== Questions ===
==== Example 1 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ماشین || māshin || car
|-
| تو || to || you
|-
| می‌خرم || mikharam || buy
|}
Translation: I buy a car for you.


In interrogative sentences, the word order changes to Verb-Subject-Object (VSO). The verb comes before the subject and object. Here's an example:
In this example, the object "ماشین" (car) is placed before the subject "تو" (you), and then the verb "می‌خرم" (buy).


==== Example 2 ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| آیا || āyā || do
| مرد || mard || man
|-
| شما || shomā || you
|-
|-
| می‌خوابید || mikhabid || sleep
| گل || gol || flower
|-
|-
| ؟ || ? || .
| می‌دهد || midehad || gives
|}
|}
Translation: The man gives a flower.


In this example, the word order is "آیا شما می‌خوابید؟" (āyā shomā mikhabid?), which translates to "Do you sleep?"
Here, the object "گل" (flower) is followed by the subject "مرد" (man), and then the verb "می‌دهد" (gives).


=== Commands ===
== Word order with modifiers ==
In addition to the basic word order, Persian allows for the inclusion of modifiers such as adjectives and adverbs. Let's see how the word order is affected when modifiers are added to the sentence.


In imperative sentences, the word order changes to Verb-Object-Subject (VOS). The verb comes first, followed by the object, and then the subject. Here's an example:
=== Modifier before the noun ===
When an adjective or an adverb is used to modify a noun, it usually comes before the noun in Persian. Let's look at some examples:


==== Example 1 ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| بنویسید || benevisid || write
| خانه || khāne || house
|-
|-
| نامتان || nāmtān || your name
| بزرگ || bozorg || big
|-
|-
| . || . || .
| است || ast || is
|}
|}
Translation: The house is big.


In this example, the word order is "بنویسید نامتان" (benevisid nāmtān), which translates to "Write your name."
In this example, the adjective "بزرگ" (big) comes before the noun "خانه" (house), and then the verb "است" (is).


=== Emphasis ===
==== Example 2 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ماشین || māshin || car
|-
| سریع || sari' || fast
|-
| می‌راند || mirānd || drives
|}
Translation: The car drives fast.
 
Here, the adverb "سریع" (fast) precedes the noun "ماشین" (car), and then the verb "می‌راند" (drives).


In some cases, the word order can be changed to emphasize a particular part of the sentence. The emphasized element is moved to the beginning of the sentence. Here's an example:
=== Modifier after the noun ===
In some cases, modifiers can be placed after the noun they modify. This is common with certain adjectives and adverbs. Let's see some examples:


==== Example 1 ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| امروز || emruz || today
| ماشین || māshin || car
|-
|-
| به || be || to
| قرمز || ghermez || red
|-
| است || ast || is
|}
Translation: The car is red.
 
In this example, the adjective "قرمز" (red) comes after the noun "ماشین" (car), and then the verb "است" (is).
 
==== Example 2 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| پارک || pārk || park
| مرد || mard || man
|-
|-
| می‌روم || miravam || I go
| باهوش || bāhush || intelligent
|-
|-
| . || . || .
| است || ast || is
|}
|}
Translation: The man is intelligent.


In this example, the word order is "امروز به پارک می‌روم" (emruz be pārk miravam), which translates to "Today, I am going to the park."
Here, the adjective "باهوش" (intelligent) follows the noun "مرد" (man), and then the verb "است" (is).


By emphasizing "امروز" (emruz), the sentence highlights the specific day the action is taking place.
== Negation in Persian sentences ==
To form negative sentences in Persian, the word "نه" (næ) is typically used before the verb. Let's see some examples:


== Adjectives and Adverbs ==
=== Example 1 ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| من || man || I
|-
| نه || næ || not
|-
| می‌خوانم || mikhanam || read
|}
Translation: I do not read.


In Persian, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. However, there are cases where they can come before the noun for emphasis. Let's look at an example:
In this example, the word "نه" (næ) is placed before the verb "می‌خوانم" (read) to indicate negation.


=== Example 2 ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| کتاب || ketāb || book
| تو || to || you
|-
|-
| زرد || zard || yellow
| نه || næ || not
|-
|-
| . || . || .
| می‌فهمی || mifahmi || understand
|}
|}
Translation: You do not understand.


In this example, the word order is "کتاب زرد" (ketāb zard), which translates to "yellow book."
Here, the word "نه" (næ) precedes the verb "می‌فهمی" (understand) to express negation.
 
By placing the adjective before the noun, the sentence emphasizes the color of the book.


Adverbs in Persian generally come after the verb. Let's look at an example:
== Interrogative sentences in Persian ==
To form interrogative sentences in Persian, the word order remains the same as in affirmative sentences. However, a question mark is added at the end of the sentence to indicate a question. Let's see some examples:


=== Example 1 ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| سریع || sari' || fast
| آیا || āyā || Do
|-
|-
| می‌دود || midavud || runs
| تو || to || you
|-
|-
| . || . || .
| می‌خوانی || mikhani || read
|}
|}
Translation: Do you read?


In this example, the word order is "می‌دود سریع" (midavud sari'), which translates to "runs fast."
In this example, the word "آیا" (āyā) is used at the beginning of the sentence to form a question, and the question mark is added at the end.
 
=== Example 2 ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| چرا || chera || Why
|-
| می‌آیی || miāyi || come
|}
Translation: Why do you come?


The adverb "سریع" (sari') comes after the verb "می‌دود" (midavud) to describe how the action is performed.
Here, the word "چرا" (chera) is placed at the beginning of the sentence to indicate a question, and the question mark is added at the end.


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==
 
In this lesson, we have learned about the word order in Persian sentences. We explored the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order and the Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) order in different types of sentences. We also discussed the placement of modifiers and the formation of negative and interrogative sentences in Persian. Understanding the correct word order is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences and effectively communicating in Persian. Keep practicing and applying these rules in your conversations to become more proficient in Persian.
In this lesson, we have learned about the word order in Persian sentences. While the most common word order is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV), there are exceptions for questions, commands, and emphasis. Adjectives usually come after the noun they describe, but can also come before for emphasis. Adverbs generally come after the verb to describe the manner of the action.
 
By understanding the word order in Persian sentences, you will be able to construct grammatically correct sentences and communicate effectively in Persian.


{{#seo:
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|title=Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 3: Word order in Persian sentences
|keywords=Persian word order, Persian syntax, subject-object-verb order, SOV order in Persian, Persian grammar, Persian language
|keywords=Persian sentence structure, word order in Persian, Persian syntax, SOV order in Persian, Persian grammar, Persian language
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the basic rules of syntax in Persian, including the order of subject, object, and verb in a sentence. Understand the word order in Persian sentences and construct grammatically correct sentences.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basic rules of syntax in Persian, including the order of subject, object, and verb in a sentence. Understanding the correct word order is essential for effective communication in Persian.
}}
}}


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* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/How-to-say-thank-you|How to say thank you]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/How-to-say-thank-you|How to say thank you]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]




Latest revision as of 02:01, 17 June 2023

◀️ Lesson 2: Introducing yourself and others — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be" ▶️

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 3: Word order in Persian sentences

In this lesson, we will learn about the basic rules of syntax in Persian. Specifically, we will focus on the word order in Persian sentences, including the order of subject, object, and verb. Understanding the correct word order is essential for effective communication in Persian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to construct simple sentences with the correct word order and convey your thoughts more accurately.

Sentence structure in Persian[edit | edit source]

Before we dive into the word order, let's briefly discuss the general sentence structure in Persian. Persian follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, which means that the subject comes first, followed by the object, and finally the verb. This is different from English, which typically follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order. Understanding this fundamental difference is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Persian.

Let's take a look at an example sentence in Persian:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
مادر mādar mother
سیب sib apple
می‌خورد mikhord eats

Translation: The mother eats an apple.

As you can see, the subject "مادر" (mother) comes first, followed by the object "سیب" (apple), and finally the verb "می‌خورد" (eats).

Word order in simple sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we understand the general sentence structure in Persian, let's explore the word order in different types of simple sentences.

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order[edit | edit source]

As mentioned earlier, Persian follows an SOV order. In this word order, the subject is followed by the object and then the verb. Let's look at some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
من man I
کتاب ketāb book
می‌خوانم mikhanam read

Translation: I read a book.

In this example, the subject "من" (I) comes first, followed by the object "کتاب" (book), and finally the verb "می‌خوانم" (read).

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
تو to you
ماشین māshin car
می‌خری mikhari buy

Translation: You buy a car.

Here, the subject "تو" (you) precedes the object "ماشین" (car), and then the verb "می‌خری" (buy).

Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) order[edit | edit source]

Although the most common word order in Persian is SOV, there are instances where the object comes before the subject. This is known as the OSV order. Let's see some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
ماشین māshin car
تو to you
می‌خرم mikharam buy

Translation: I buy a car for you.

In this example, the object "ماشین" (car) is placed before the subject "تو" (you), and then the verb "می‌خرم" (buy).

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
مرد mard man
گل gol flower
می‌دهد midehad gives

Translation: The man gives a flower.

Here, the object "گل" (flower) is followed by the subject "مرد" (man), and then the verb "می‌دهد" (gives).

Word order with modifiers[edit | edit source]

In addition to the basic word order, Persian allows for the inclusion of modifiers such as adjectives and adverbs. Let's see how the word order is affected when modifiers are added to the sentence.

Modifier before the noun[edit | edit source]

When an adjective or an adverb is used to modify a noun, it usually comes before the noun in Persian. Let's look at some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
خانه khāne house
بزرگ bozorg big
است ast is

Translation: The house is big.

In this example, the adjective "بزرگ" (big) comes before the noun "خانه" (house), and then the verb "است" (is).

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
ماشین māshin car
سریع sari' fast
می‌راند mirānd drives

Translation: The car drives fast.

Here, the adverb "سریع" (fast) precedes the noun "ماشین" (car), and then the verb "می‌راند" (drives).

Modifier after the noun[edit | edit source]

In some cases, modifiers can be placed after the noun they modify. This is common with certain adjectives and adverbs. Let's see some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
ماشین māshin car
قرمز ghermez red
است ast is

Translation: The car is red.

In this example, the adjective "قرمز" (red) comes after the noun "ماشین" (car), and then the verb "است" (is).

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
مرد mard man
باهوش bāhush intelligent
است ast is

Translation: The man is intelligent.

Here, the adjective "باهوش" (intelligent) follows the noun "مرد" (man), and then the verb "است" (is).

Negation in Persian sentences[edit | edit source]

To form negative sentences in Persian, the word "نه" (næ) is typically used before the verb. Let's see some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
من man I
نه næ not
می‌خوانم mikhanam read

Translation: I do not read.

In this example, the word "نه" (næ) is placed before the verb "می‌خوانم" (read) to indicate negation.

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
تو to you
نه næ not
می‌فهمی mifahmi understand

Translation: You do not understand.

Here, the word "نه" (næ) precedes the verb "می‌فهمی" (understand) to express negation.

Interrogative sentences in Persian[edit | edit source]

To form interrogative sentences in Persian, the word order remains the same as in affirmative sentences. However, a question mark is added at the end of the sentence to indicate a question. Let's see some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
آیا āyā Do
تو to you
می‌خوانی mikhani read

Translation: Do you read?

In this example, the word "آیا" (āyā) is used at the beginning of the sentence to form a question, and the question mark is added at the end.

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
چرا chera Why
می‌آیی miāyi come

Translation: Why do you come?

Here, the word "چرا" (chera) is placed at the beginning of the sentence to indicate a question, and the question mark is added at the end.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned about the word order in Persian sentences. We explored the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order and the Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) order in different types of sentences. We also discussed the placement of modifiers and the formation of negative and interrogative sentences in Persian. Understanding the correct word order is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences and effectively communicating in Persian. Keep practicing and applying these rules in your conversations to become more proficient in Persian.

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions


Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation


Unit 3: Talking about daily routines


Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns


Unit 5: Persian culture and customs


Unit 6: Food and drink


Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation


Unit 8: Persian literature and arts


Unit 9: Travel and transportation


Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences


Unit 11: Persian history and geography


Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Lesson 2: Introducing yourself and others — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be" ▶️

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