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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-arabic|Standard Arabic]]  → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Third conditional and mixed conditionals</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Arabic Grammar → Conditional sentences in Arabic → Third conditional and mixed conditionals</div>
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== Introduction ==


As a Standard Arabic language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the Third conditional and mixed conditionals in Arabic. These types of conditional sentences can be a bit more complex, but with practice, you'll be able to master them in no time!
Welcome to the lesson on the third conditional and mixed conditionals in Standard Arabic! In this lesson, we will explore the usage and formation of these conditional structures. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to express hypothetical situations and talk about unreal past events in Arabic. So let's get started!


== Third Conditional ==


<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/NOMINATIVE-SEPARATE-PERSONAL-PRONOUNS|NOMINATIVE SEPARATE PERSONAL PRONOUNS]] & [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Types-of-Sentences|Types of Sentences]].</span>
The third conditional in Arabic is used to talk about hypothetical situations or events that did not happen in the past. It is formed by combining the past perfect verb tense with the conditional particle "لو" (law). Let's look at the structure of the third conditional in Arabic:
==Third Conditional==


The Third conditional in Arabic is similar to the Third conditional in English. It is used to describe an impossible situation in the past, and its result. In Arabic, the Third conditional consists of two clauses, i.e. a conditional if clause and a result then clause.
"لو" (law) + past perfect verb tense


The if clause describes the condition in the past, and it uses the past perfect tense (note that the past perfect tense does not exist as a separate tense in Arabic. Instead, it is formed by juxtaposing verb elements), while the result then clause describes what would have happened, and it uses the conditional perfect tense.
Let's see some examples of the third conditional in action:


Here is an example to illustrate the Third conditional:
=== Examples ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| إذا كنتُ قد أتيتُ || 'idha kanatu qadd ataytu || If I had come
| لو درست كثيرًا، لنجحت في الامتحان. || Law darast kathīran, lanjahat fi al-imtihan. || If you had studied a lot, you would have passed the exam.
|-
|-
| لكنتُ قد أحببتُ ذلك || la'-kuntu qadd 'ahabbetu dhalik || I would have liked it
| لو سافرت إلى باريس، لرأيت برج إيفل. || Law safart ilā Bārīs, lara'yt burj Īfīl. || If you had traveled to Paris, you would have seen the Eiffel Tower.
|-
| لو أعطيته المال، لاشترى السيارة. || Law a'taytuhu al-māl, lashtarā al-sayyārah. || If I had given him the money, he would have bought the car.
|-
| لو تعلمت العزف على البيانو، لكنت مشهورًا الآن. || Law ta'alamtu al-'azf 'alā al-biānū, lakunta mushhūran al-ān. || If I had learned to play the piano, I would be famous now.
|}
|}


Here's another example:
In the examples above, we can see how the third conditional is used to express unreal past events and their hypothetical outcomes. The conditional particle "لو" (law) introduces the condition, and the past perfect verb tense indicates the unreal past event.


* إذا كان قد أرادَ سعد أن يفوز بالمباراة، لكان قد أصبح أكثر تحفيزًا.
== Mixed Conditionals ==
If Saad had wanted to win the match, he would have become more motivated.


==Mixed Conditionals==
Mixed conditionals in Arabic are used to express hypothetical situations that have an unreal past condition and a present or future result. They combine elements of the third conditional and the first or second conditional. Let's look at the structure of mixed conditionals in Arabic:


Mixed conditionals in Arabic are similar to mixed conditionals in English. They are used to describe hypothetical situations, either real or unreal, that started in the past and continue until the present. In mixed conditionals, the if clause uses the past tense while the result then clause uses the conditional perfect.
"لو" (law) + past perfect verb tense + present or future verb tense


Here's an example to illustrate the mixed conditional:
Let's see some examples of mixed conditionals in action:
 
=== Examples ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| لو كان نائمًا || law kana nayiman || If he was asleep
| لو درست كثيرًا، كنت سأنجح في الامتحان. || Law darast kathīran, kunt sa'anjah fi al-imtihan. || If I had studied a lot, I would pass the exam.
|-
| لو سافرت إلى باريس، سأرى برج إيفل. || Law safart ilā Bārīs, sara burj Īfīl. || If I had traveled to Paris, I would see the Eiffel Tower.
|-
| لو أعطيته المال، سيشتري السيارة. || Law a'taytuhu al-māl, sayashtarī al-sayyārah. || If I had given him the money, he would buy the car.
|-
|-
| لكان يكون الآن مستيقظًا || la-kan yakuunu al-ana mustayiqizan || He would be awake now
| لو تعلمت العزف على البيانو، سأصبح مشهورًا. || Law ta'alamtu al-'azf 'alā al-biānū, sa'asbah mushhūran. || If I had learned to play the piano, I would become famous.
|}
|}


Here's another example:
In the examples above, we can see how mixed conditionals combine elements of the third conditional and the first or second conditional to express hypothetical situations with unreal past conditions and present or future results.


* لو كنتُ أعرفُ الإجابة، لقد أجبتُ عن السؤال. If I knew the answer, I would have responded to the question.
== Practice Exercise ==


==Practice==
Now it's time to practice what you have learned! Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the third conditional or mixed conditionals in Arabic:
It's important to practice using Third and Mixed conditionals in Arabic. Here are a few exercises to help you get started:


<ol>
1. لو أخذت إجازة، ___________ (أزور) أهلي في الوطن.
<li>إذا تُريدُ الذهابَ إلى المدينةِ، فإنّكَ سَتَحتاجُ إلى تذكرةِ المُترو. ما الّذي سيحدث إذا نسيتَ تذكرتَكَ؟</li>
2. لو تعلمت اللغة الفرنسية، ___________ (أتحدث) مع الناس في باريس.
3. لو لم تنجح في الامتحان، ___________ (يكون) لك وقت أكثر للدراسة.
4. لو أخبرته الحقيقة، ___________ (غضب) مني.
5. لو أمطرت السماء، ___________ (ستزهر) الأزهار في الحديقة.


(If you want to go to the city, you will need a metro ticket. What will happen if you forget your ticket?)
Now let's check the answers:


<li>لو كانت الأمطارُ في بدايةِ الأسبوعِ شديدةً، فسيتَعيّنُ علينا إلغاءّ تخييمِنا. لو كنتُ أعلمُ ذلك الأسبوعَ، لمَا ذهبتُ إلى الحديقةّ.  
1. لو أخذت إجازة، سأزور أهلي في الوطن.
2. لو تعلمت اللغة الفرنسية، سأتحدث مع الناس في باريس.
3. لو لم تنجح في الامتحان، كان لك وقت أكثر للدراسة.
4. لو أخبرته الحقيقة، غضب مني.
5. لو أمطرت السماء، ستزهر الأزهار في الحديقة.


(If it rained heavily at the beginning of the week, we will have to cancel our camping trip. If I knew that week, I would not have gone to the park.)
Great job! You have successfully completed the exercise.


<li>إذا كان عبدالرحمن يتدرب مرتين في الأسبوع، لكان قد اجتاز اختبار اللياقة البدنية. لو أفشل في هذا الاختبار، لَكَانَ قد أعاد المحاولة.
== Conclusion ==


(If Abdurrahman trained twice a week, he would have passed the fitness test. If he had failed in this test, he would have tried again.)
In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use the third conditional and mixed conditionals in Arabic. You can now express hypothetical situations and talk about unreal past events in Arabic. Keep practicing and using these conditional structures to enhance your Arabic language skills. Good luck!
 
</ol>
 
==Sources==
<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence_(Arabic)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence_(Arabic)</a></li>
</ul>


{{#seo:
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|title=Standard Arabic Grammar → Third conditional and mixed conditionals
|keywords=Arabic grammar, Third conditional, Mixed conditionals, Standard Arabic course
|keywords=Standard Arabic, grammar, third conditional, mixed conditionals, Arabic language, hypothetical situations, unreal past events, Arabic verbs, Arabic tenses
|description=In this lesson of the Standard Arabic course, you will learn how to form and use the Third conditional and mixed conditionals in Arabic. Examples and practice exercises are included.
|description=Learn how to form and use the third conditional and mixed conditionals in Arabic. Practice exercises included.
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Revision as of 15:41, 16 June 2023

◀️ First and second conditional — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Formation and usage ▶️

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Standard Arabic → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Third conditional and mixed conditionals

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on the third conditional and mixed conditionals in Standard Arabic! In this lesson, we will explore the usage and formation of these conditional structures. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to express hypothetical situations and talk about unreal past events in Arabic. So let's get started!

Third Conditional

The third conditional in Arabic is used to talk about hypothetical situations or events that did not happen in the past. It is formed by combining the past perfect verb tense with the conditional particle "لو" (law). Let's look at the structure of the third conditional in Arabic:

"لو" (law) + past perfect verb tense

Let's see some examples of the third conditional in action:

Examples

Standard Arabic Pronunciation English
لو درست كثيرًا، لنجحت في الامتحان. Law darast kathīran, lanjahat fi al-imtihan. If you had studied a lot, you would have passed the exam.
لو سافرت إلى باريس، لرأيت برج إيفل. Law safart ilā Bārīs, lara'yt burj Īfīl. If you had traveled to Paris, you would have seen the Eiffel Tower.
لو أعطيته المال، لاشترى السيارة. Law a'taytuhu al-māl, lashtarā al-sayyārah. If I had given him the money, he would have bought the car.
لو تعلمت العزف على البيانو، لكنت مشهورًا الآن. Law ta'alamtu al-'azf 'alā al-biānū, lakunta mushhūran al-ān. If I had learned to play the piano, I would be famous now.

In the examples above, we can see how the third conditional is used to express unreal past events and their hypothetical outcomes. The conditional particle "لو" (law) introduces the condition, and the past perfect verb tense indicates the unreal past event.

Mixed Conditionals

Mixed conditionals in Arabic are used to express hypothetical situations that have an unreal past condition and a present or future result. They combine elements of the third conditional and the first or second conditional. Let's look at the structure of mixed conditionals in Arabic:

"لو" (law) + past perfect verb tense + present or future verb tense

Let's see some examples of mixed conditionals in action:

Examples

Standard Arabic Pronunciation English
لو درست كثيرًا، كنت سأنجح في الامتحان. Law darast kathīran, kunt sa'anjah fi al-imtihan. If I had studied a lot, I would pass the exam.
لو سافرت إلى باريس، سأرى برج إيفل. Law safart ilā Bārīs, sara burj Īfīl. If I had traveled to Paris, I would see the Eiffel Tower.
لو أعطيته المال، سيشتري السيارة. Law a'taytuhu al-māl, sayashtarī al-sayyārah. If I had given him the money, he would buy the car.
لو تعلمت العزف على البيانو، سأصبح مشهورًا. Law ta'alamtu al-'azf 'alā al-biānū, sa'asbah mushhūran. If I had learned to play the piano, I would become famous.

In the examples above, we can see how mixed conditionals combine elements of the third conditional and the first or second conditional to express hypothetical situations with unreal past conditions and present or future results.

Practice Exercise

Now it's time to practice what you have learned! Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the third conditional or mixed conditionals in Arabic:

1. لو أخذت إجازة، ___________ (أزور) أهلي في الوطن. 2. لو تعلمت اللغة الفرنسية، ___________ (أتحدث) مع الناس في باريس. 3. لو لم تنجح في الامتحان، ___________ (يكون) لك وقت أكثر للدراسة. 4. لو أخبرته الحقيقة، ___________ (غضب) مني. 5. لو أمطرت السماء، ___________ (ستزهر) الأزهار في الحديقة.

Now let's check the answers:

1. لو أخذت إجازة، سأزور أهلي في الوطن. 2. لو تعلمت اللغة الفرنسية، سأتحدث مع الناس في باريس. 3. لو لم تنجح في الامتحان، كان لك وقت أكثر للدراسة. 4. لو أخبرته الحقيقة، غضب مني. 5. لو أمطرت السماء، ستزهر الأزهار في الحديقة.

Great job! You have successfully completed the exercise.

Conclusion

In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use the third conditional and mixed conditionals in Arabic. You can now express hypothetical situations and talk about unreal past events in Arabic. Keep practicing and using these conditional structures to enhance your Arabic language skills. Good luck!

Table of Contents - Standard Arabic Course - 0 to A1


Introduction to Arabic script


Nouns and gender in Arabic


Verbs and conjugation in Arabic


Numbers and counting in Arabic


Everyday Arabic vocabulary


Food and drink vocabulary


Arabic customs and traditions


Arabic music and entertainment


Adjectives in Arabic


Pronouns in Arabic


Prepositions in Arabic


Interrogatives in Arabic


Adverbs in Arabic


Transportation vocabulary


Shopping and money vocabulary


Arabic literature and poetry


Arabic calligraphy and art


Weather vocabulary


Conditional sentences in Arabic


Passive voice in Arabic


Relative clauses in Arabic


Arabic adjectives and nouns


Arabic cinema and TV


Arabic fashion and beauty


Sports and leisure vocabulary



Other Lessons



◀️ First and second conditional — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Formation and usage ▶️

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