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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Kazakh Cases → Accusative Case</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will delve into the details of the Kazakh accusative case, which is an essential component of the language's grammar. The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a verb, and it plays a crucial role in sentence structure. By mastering the accusative case, you will be able to construct more complex and accurate sentences in Kazakh.
Throughout this lesson, we will explore the rules and usage of the accusative case, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also touch upon cultural aspects and interesting facts related to the accusative case, giving you a deeper understanding of its significance in the Kazakh language.
Let's begin our journey into the world of the Kazakh accusative case!
== Understanding the Accusative Case ==
=== What is the Accusative Case? ===
The accusative case, also known as the direct case, is used to mark the direct object of a verb. It indicates the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb directly. In Kazakh, the accusative case is formed by adding a specific suffix to the noun or pronoun.
For example, in the sentence "Өзім кітапты оқыптым" (I read the book), the word "кітап" (book) is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb "оқу" (to read).
=== Forming the Accusative Case ===
To form the accusative case in Kazakh, you need to add the suffix "-ты" or "-ды" to the noun or pronoun, depending on the vowel harmony rules. The choice between "-ты" and "-ды" depends on the final vowel sound of the noun or pronoun.
Here are some examples of forming the accusative case:
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| қала (city) || қаланы || the city
|-
| кітап (book) || кітапты || the book
|-
| адам (person) || адамды || the person
|-
| сөз (word) || сөзді || the word
|}
As you can see, the accusative case suffix "-ты" or "-ды" is added to the end of the noun, modifying its form.
=== Accusative Case with Pronouns ===
Pronouns also undergo changes in the accusative case. Let's take a look at the accusative case forms of some common pronouns in Kazakh:
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| мен (I) || мені || me
|-
| сен (you) || сені || you
|-
| ол (he/she/it) || оны || him/her/it
|-
| біз (we) || бізді || us
|-
| сіз (you) || сізді || you
|-
| олар (they) || оларды || them
|}
In the accusative case, pronouns also take the suffix "-ты" or "-ды" to indicate the direct object.


<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Kazakh Cases → Accusative Case</div>
=== Accusative Case with Definite and Indefinite Articles ===


__TOC__
In Kazakh, there are no definite or indefinite articles like "the" or "a/an" in English. However, the accusative case endings can sometimes serve a similar purpose.
 
When referring to a specific object, the noun in the accusative case can indicate definiteness. For example, "кітапты оқыптым" (I read the book) implies that a particular book is being read.
 
On the other hand, when referring to a nonspecific object, the noun in the accusative case can indicate indefiniteness. For example, "кітапты оқыптым" (I read a book) implies that any book is being read, without specifying a particular one.
 
=== Accusative Case Usage ===
 
The accusative case is used in various contexts in Kazakh. Here are some common scenarios where the accusative case is necessary:
 
- Direct objects: When a verb directly affects a noun or pronoun, the noun or pronoun is in the accusative case. For example, "Ол қаланы көрді" (He saw the city).


As a Kazakh language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I believe that understanding the Kazakh cases is crucial for anyone who wishes to speak Kazakh fluently. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of the Kazakh accusative case, including its formation and usage, and how it relates to the nominative case.  
- Duration of time: When indicating the duration of an action, the noun phrase representing the period of time is in the accusative case. For example, "Мен бір сағаттың ішінде көрдім" (I saw it within an hour).


- Specific locations: When referring to a specific location or destination, the noun representing the place is in the accusative case. For example, "Біз шәһітті көрдік" (We saw the monument).


<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] & [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]].</span>
- Quantities and measurements: When stating quantities or measurements, the noun or pronoun indicating the amount is in the accusative case. For example, "Мен бір кілограмды май тастадым" (I tried one kilogram of honey).
== What is the Accusative Case? ==


The accusative case marks the direct object of a sentence. In simpler terms, it shows what the subject is acting upon. In Kazakh, the accusative is used when the direct object of the sentence is definite, meaning that it is a specific, known noun.  
By understanding the different contexts where the accusative case is used, you will be able to construct grammatically correct sentences in Kazakh.


== Formation ==
== Cultural Insights ==


To form the accusative case, the following changes can be made:
The usage and understanding of the accusative case in Kazakh may vary slightly across different regions. Regional dialects and historical influences can contribute to these variations.


1. Change the ending to -ді/-ды:
In some regions, the accusative case suffix "-ты" is pronounced as "-ті" to maintain vowel harmony with the final vowel sound of the noun. For example, "кітапты" (the book) becomes "кітапті" in certain dialects.
- If a noun ends in a vowel, add -ды:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Kazakh</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>қала (city)</td>
<td>/qɑ.lɑ dɯ/</td>
<td>city (accusative)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ұстаз (teacher)</td>
<td>/u.stɑz dɯ/</td>
<td>teacher (accusative)</td>
</tr>
</table>


- If a noun ends in a consonant, add -ды:
It is interesting to note that the accusative case is not exclusive to the Kazakh language. Many other Turkic languages, such as Turkish and Uzbek, also utilize the accusative case. This similarity is a result of the historical and linguistic connections between these languages.
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Kazakh</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>кітап (book)</td>
<td>/kɯtɑp dɯ/</td>
<td>book (accusative)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>орын (place)</td>
<td>/o.rən dɯ/</td>
<td>place (accusative)</td>
</tr>
</table>


2. If the noun has a second syllable with a "back" vowel (a, ɔ, or ʊ), add an apostrophe before the ending:
== Practice Exercises ==
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Kazakh</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ауыл (village)</td>
<td>/ɑ.wəl' dɯ/</td>
<td>village (accusative)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>бақша (garden)</td>
<td>/bɑq.ʃɑ' dɯ/</td>
<td>garden (accusative)</td>
</tr>
</table>


== Usage ==
Now it's time to put your knowledge of the accusative case into practice! Complete the following exercises by applying the rules and concepts discussed in this lesson.


The accusative case is used in the following situations:
Exercise 1: Identify the Accusative Nouns
Identify the nouns in the following sentences that are in the accusative case. Write down their accusative forms.


1. Direct objects: When the subject of the sentence is acting upon a specific noun. For example:
1. Мен шәһітті көрдім. (I saw the monument.)
2. Сен мені көрдің ба? (Did you see me?)
3. Олар мені біледі. (They know me.)
4. Сіз сөзді түсіндіңіз ба? (Do you understand the word?)
5. Ол көрді білмейді. (He/she doesn't know him/her.)


<table class="wikitable">
Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences
<tr>
Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate noun or pronoun in the accusative case.
<th>Kazakh</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Мен қалаға бардым.</td>
<td>/men qɑ.lɑ'ɣɑ bɑr'dɯm/</td>
<td>I went to the city.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Оқушылар кітапты оқыды.</td>
<td>/o.qʊʃɯ.lɑr kɯ.tɑp'tɯ o.qɯ'dɯ/</td>
<td>The students read the book.</td>
</tr>
</table>


2. "Negative accusative": When a negative action is performed on a noun. In these cases, the nominative case is used instead of the accusative. For example:
1. Мен сөзді ______. (I understand the word.)
2. Сен мені ______. (You see me.)
3. Ол мені ______. (He/she knows me.)
4. Сіз кітапты ______. (You read the book.)
5. Олар оны ______. (They see him/her.)


<table class="wikitable">
== Solutions ==
<tr>
<th>Kazakh</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Мен қалаға бармақшысын.</td>
<td>/men qɑ.lɑ'ɣɑ bɑr.mɑq'ʃɯsɯn/</td>
<td>I don't have a ticket to the city.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Оқушылар кітапты оқымайды.</td>
<td>/o.qʊʃɯ.lɑr kɯ.tɑp'tɯ o.qɯ.mɑj'dɯ/</td>
<td>The students are not reading the book.</td>
</tr>
</table>


== Accusative vs Nominative ==
Exercise 1: Identify the Accusative Nouns
1. шәһітті
2. мені
3. мені
4. сөзді
5. көрді


To understand the accusative case better, it is important to compare it to the nominative case. The nominative is used when the noun is the subject of the sentence, while the accusative is used when it is the direct object.  
Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences
1. Мен сөзді түсінемін.
2. Сен мені көресің.
3. Ол мені біледі.
4. Сіз кітапты оқыптыңыз.
5. Олар оны көреді.


<table class="wikitable">
Congratulations on completing the exercises! You're making great progress in mastering the accusative case in Kazakh.
<tr>
<th>Kazakh</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Асыл таңдай жүр.</td>
<td>Asyl is running.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Асыл машинаға жүр.</td>
<td>Asyl is walking to the car.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Асыл мені табысқа шақырды.</td>
<td>Asyl called me to the concert.</td>
</tr>
</table>


In the first sentence, "Asyl" is the subject, so the nominative case is used. In the second sentence, "car" is the direct object, so the accusative case is used. Finally, in the third sentence, "me" is the direct object, so the accusative case is used again.
== Summary ==


== Conclusion ==
In this lesson, we explored the rules and usage of the Kazakh accusative case. We learned how to form nouns and pronouns in the accusative case by adding the suffix "-ты" or "-ды". We also discussed the different contexts where the accusative case is used, such as direct objects, duration of time, specific locations, and quantities.


The accusative case is an important part of Kazakh grammar that is essential for those who wish to communicate in Kazakh effectively. In this lesson, we have covered the formation and usage of the accusative case, as well as its relation to the nominative case. With practice, you will soon be able to use the accusative case effortlessly in your Kazakh conversations.
We also gained cultural insights into the regional variations in the usage of the accusative case and its connections to other Turkic languages. By completing the practice exercises, you had the opportunity to apply your knowledge and reinforce what you've learned.


<span class='maj'></span>
Keep practicing and using the accusative case in your conversations and writing, and you will continue to improve your understanding and proficiency in the Kazakh language.
==Sources==
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kazakh.html Kazakh]
* [https://aclanthology.org/W14-2806.pdf Rule Based Morphological Analyzer of Kazakh Language]




<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Degrees|Comparative and Superlative Degrees]] & [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Instrumental-Case|Instrumental Case]].</span>
{{#seo:
|title=Kazakh Grammar → Kazakh Cases → Accusative Case
|keywords=Kazakh, grammar, cases, accusative, nominative, direct object
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Kazakh accusative case, including its formation and usage, and how it relates to the nominative case.}}


{{Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kazakh.html Kazakh]
* [https://aclanthology.org/W14-2806.pdf Rule Based Morphological Analyzer of Kazakh Language]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/General-Adverbs|General Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/General-Adverbs|General Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|Consonants]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|Consonants]]


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Revision as of 00:08, 19 June 2023

◀️ Nominative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Genitive Case ▶️

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Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Kazakh Cases → Accusative Case

Introduction

In this lesson, we will delve into the details of the Kazakh accusative case, which is an essential component of the language's grammar. The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a verb, and it plays a crucial role in sentence structure. By mastering the accusative case, you will be able to construct more complex and accurate sentences in Kazakh.

Throughout this lesson, we will explore the rules and usage of the accusative case, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also touch upon cultural aspects and interesting facts related to the accusative case, giving you a deeper understanding of its significance in the Kazakh language.

Let's begin our journey into the world of the Kazakh accusative case!

Understanding the Accusative Case

What is the Accusative Case?

The accusative case, also known as the direct case, is used to mark the direct object of a verb. It indicates the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb directly. In Kazakh, the accusative case is formed by adding a specific suffix to the noun or pronoun.

For example, in the sentence "Өзім кітапты оқыптым" (I read the book), the word "кітап" (book) is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb "оқу" (to read).

Forming the Accusative Case

To form the accusative case in Kazakh, you need to add the suffix "-ты" or "-ды" to the noun or pronoun, depending on the vowel harmony rules. The choice between "-ты" and "-ды" depends on the final vowel sound of the noun or pronoun.

Here are some examples of forming the accusative case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
қала (city) қаланы the city
кітап (book) кітапты the book
адам (person) адамды the person
сөз (word) сөзді the word

As you can see, the accusative case suffix "-ты" or "-ды" is added to the end of the noun, modifying its form.

Accusative Case with Pronouns

Pronouns also undergo changes in the accusative case. Let's take a look at the accusative case forms of some common pronouns in Kazakh:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
мен (I) мені me
сен (you) сені you
ол (he/she/it) оны him/her/it
біз (we) бізді us
сіз (you) сізді you
олар (they) оларды them

In the accusative case, pronouns also take the suffix "-ты" or "-ды" to indicate the direct object.

Accusative Case with Definite and Indefinite Articles

In Kazakh, there are no definite or indefinite articles like "the" or "a/an" in English. However, the accusative case endings can sometimes serve a similar purpose.

When referring to a specific object, the noun in the accusative case can indicate definiteness. For example, "кітапты оқыптым" (I read the book) implies that a particular book is being read.

On the other hand, when referring to a nonspecific object, the noun in the accusative case can indicate indefiniteness. For example, "кітапты оқыптым" (I read a book) implies that any book is being read, without specifying a particular one.

Accusative Case Usage

The accusative case is used in various contexts in Kazakh. Here are some common scenarios where the accusative case is necessary:

- Direct objects: When a verb directly affects a noun or pronoun, the noun or pronoun is in the accusative case. For example, "Ол қаланы көрді" (He saw the city).

- Duration of time: When indicating the duration of an action, the noun phrase representing the period of time is in the accusative case. For example, "Мен бір сағаттың ішінде көрдім" (I saw it within an hour).

- Specific locations: When referring to a specific location or destination, the noun representing the place is in the accusative case. For example, "Біз шәһітті көрдік" (We saw the monument).

- Quantities and measurements: When stating quantities or measurements, the noun or pronoun indicating the amount is in the accusative case. For example, "Мен бір кілограмды май тастадым" (I tried one kilogram of honey).

By understanding the different contexts where the accusative case is used, you will be able to construct grammatically correct sentences in Kazakh.

Cultural Insights

The usage and understanding of the accusative case in Kazakh may vary slightly across different regions. Regional dialects and historical influences can contribute to these variations.

In some regions, the accusative case suffix "-ты" is pronounced as "-ті" to maintain vowel harmony with the final vowel sound of the noun. For example, "кітапты" (the book) becomes "кітапті" in certain dialects.

It is interesting to note that the accusative case is not exclusive to the Kazakh language. Many other Turkic languages, such as Turkish and Uzbek, also utilize the accusative case. This similarity is a result of the historical and linguistic connections between these languages.

Practice Exercises

Now it's time to put your knowledge of the accusative case into practice! Complete the following exercises by applying the rules and concepts discussed in this lesson.

Exercise 1: Identify the Accusative Nouns Identify the nouns in the following sentences that are in the accusative case. Write down their accusative forms.

1. Мен шәһітті көрдім. (I saw the monument.) 2. Сен мені көрдің ба? (Did you see me?) 3. Олар мені біледі. (They know me.) 4. Сіз сөзді түсіндіңіз ба? (Do you understand the word?) 5. Ол көрді білмейді. (He/she doesn't know him/her.)

Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate noun or pronoun in the accusative case.

1. Мен сөзді ______. (I understand the word.) 2. Сен мені ______. (You see me.) 3. Ол мені ______. (He/she knows me.) 4. Сіз кітапты ______. (You read the book.) 5. Олар оны ______. (They see him/her.)

Solutions

Exercise 1: Identify the Accusative Nouns 1. шәһітті 2. мені 3. мені 4. сөзді 5. көрді

Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences 1. Мен сөзді түсінемін. 2. Сен мені көресің. 3. Ол мені біледі. 4. Сіз кітапты оқыптыңыз. 5. Олар оны көреді.

Congratulations on completing the exercises! You're making great progress in mastering the accusative case in Kazakh.

Summary

In this lesson, we explored the rules and usage of the Kazakh accusative case. We learned how to form nouns and pronouns in the accusative case by adding the suffix "-ты" or "-ды". We also discussed the different contexts where the accusative case is used, such as direct objects, duration of time, specific locations, and quantities.

We also gained cultural insights into the regional variations in the usage of the accusative case and its connections to other Turkic languages. By completing the practice exercises, you had the opportunity to apply your knowledge and reinforce what you've learned.

Keep practicing and using the accusative case in your conversations and writing, and you will continue to improve your understanding and proficiency in the Kazakh language.


Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment


Sources



Other Lessons



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