Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Pronouns

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Kazakh Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Kazakh learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about pronouns in Kazakh grammar. Pronouns are important parts of speech that replace nouns to make sentences concise and more interesting. By the end of this lesson, you will be familiar with the different types of pronouns in Kazakh grammar and how to use them in sentences. So, let's get started!


Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: Nouns, Consonants, How to Use Have & Modal Adverbs.

Introduction to Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Before we dive deeper into Kazakh pronouns, let's have a quick introduction to what pronouns are. In simple terms, pronouns are words that replace nouns. They can refer to people, animals, objects, and even concepts.

For instance, instead of saying "Mukhtar went to the store. Mukhtar bought a bike. Mukhtar rode the bike home", we can replace the noun "Mukhtar" with the pronoun "he". This makes the sentence more concise and less repetitive. Therefore, pronouns are essential for effective communication in any language.

In Kazakh, pronouns are classified into personal, possessive, demonstrative, indefinite, reflexive, interrogative, and relative pronouns.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are used to replace a noun that refers to a person or group of people. They are often the subject or object of a sentence, just like in English.

The following table shows the personal pronouns in Kazakh, with their pronunciation and English translation:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
мен / менің men / meniń I / my (when used as an adjective)
сен / сіз / сенің / сіздің sen / siz / seniń / sizdiń you / your (singular or plural, formal or informal)
ол / оның ol / onyń he / she / it / his / her / its
біз / біздің biz / bizdiń we / our (when used as an adjective)
сендер / сіздер / сендердің / сіздердің sender / sizder / senderdiń / sizderdiń you all / your all (formal or plural)
олар / олардың olar / olardyń they / their

Here's an example dialogue using personal pronouns:

  • Person 1: Мен Бекіту гөренімді көрдім. (I saw Bekit)
  • Person 2: Сен ұнда не істеуді ұмыттың? (Did you forget to do something then?)
  • Person 1: Менің қарым-қатынас құрметіме тиісті болмады. (My relationship with them was not respectful enough.)
  • Person 2: Сіздер ұнда не істеуді ұмыттыңыздар? (Did you all forget to do something then?)

As you can see from the dialogue, personal pronouns are used to replace the name of the characters in the conversation to make the sentences shorter and more natural.

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or belonging. They are often used with nouns in Kazakh, like in the sentence "Оның қаламы" (His pen). The word "Оның" is a possessive pronoun that means "his".

Here's a table showing the possessive pronouns in Kazakh, with their pronunciation and English translation:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
менің meniń my
сенің / сіздің seniń / sizdiń your (singular or plural)
оның onyń his / her / its
біздің bizdiń our
сендердің / сіздердің senderdiń / sizderdiń your all (formal or plural)
олардың olardyń their

Example dialogue:

  • Person 1: Біздің кітаптарымыз өріс аралығында. (Our books are between the beds)
  • Person 2: Сіздердің кемістеріңіз қандай? (What are your all's hobbies?)
  • Person 1: Менің қарызымыңызға төлем жасамалы беруге болады ма? (Can I make a payment to pay off my debt to you?)
  • Person 2: Сенің кез келген туралы өзің шығара аласың ба? (Can you introduce yourself?)

In each sentence, the possessive pronouns are used to show who owns what objects or qualities.

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific people, objects, or concepts. They are often used to distinguish between two or more similar objects, like in the sentence "Осы кітап бар ал тағы бір кітап бар" (There is this book but there is one more book). The words "Осы" and "тағы бір" are demonstrative pronouns that mean "this" and "one more".

Here's a table showing the demonstrative pronouns in Kazakh, with their pronunciation and English translation:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
бұл bul this
осы osy this
шығын shyғyn that
осылай osylay that way
алайда alayda that way
артық artyқ that much
осындай osynday like this
шығындай shyғynday like that
кешкі keshki former
келесі kelesi latter

Example dialogue:

  • Person 1: Бұл қандай түрде істейді? (What kind of work is this?)
  • Person 2: Өнімді осындай жасайды. (I do it like this)
  • Person 1: Алайда жоғарысқа көтеруге болады ма? (Can it be elevated that way?)
  • Person 2: Лауазым менің кешкі қызымдық есімім болатын...Үшінші жасымда мектепке тіркелдім. (My middle name is Keshki, which means the former. I enrolled in school at age 3.)

The demonstrative pronouns are used to identify and distinguish between different objects or actions.

Indefinite Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to a non-specific person or object. They are often used to talk about concepts, like in the sentence "Әрқашан еңгізілген мәні" (The value that is entered every time). The word "әрқашан" is an indefinite pronoun that means "every time".

Here's a table showing the indefinite pronouns in Kazakh, with their pronunciation and English translation:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
әрбір erbir every
бәрі beri every
кейінгі keyіngі next
басқа basqa other
бірнеше birneshe some
бірнешеі birneshei several
ешқашан eshqaşan never
басқалары basqalary somebody / anyone / other people
біреуі bireyi someone / anybody
бірнешеінің birnesheiniñ someone's / anybody's / some people's

Example dialogue:

  • Person 1: Демалыс кезінде бірнеше киім сатып алу керек. (You have to buy some clothes for the holiday)
  • Person 2: Бәрінің өзінше болуы мүмкін бола алады ма? (Can everybody be who they are?)
  • Person 1: Кейінгі кезеңнен кейін пікірталасу керек. (We have to discuss after the next phase)
  • Person 2: Ешқашан ɛстірілмеген ұсталдық. (Unrealized ambition)

As you can see from the dialogue, indefinite pronouns are used to refer to non-specific people or things that cannot be named.

Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Reflexive pronouns are used to refer to the subject of the sentence, like in the sentence "Әгер сен жон көтерген болсаң соған бағытталасқанды?" (If you are in love, would you be obsessed with him?) The word "соған" is a reflexive pronoun that means "himself".

Here's a table showing the reflexive pronouns in Kazakh, with their pronunciation and English translation:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
жақсынан білген jaqsynan bіlgen self-educated / self-taught
төменгіде істейтін tömengide isteytin ordinary / common
саймандай saymanday like crazy / in a frenzy
өзі ozi himself / herself / itself / themselves

Example dialogue:

  • Person 1: Сіз әлдеқайда көрегіңізді шетелқалақтарыма арналған жақсылық-өзіндік етіп қабылдайсыз ба? (Do you accept your altruism and selflessness among my wanderlusts?)
  • Person 2: Немесе маған саймандай мешқ жасауда қызығыма салынған да сақталды. (Or it contained the anger that was preserved while doing self-exercise.)

In the dialogue, reflexive pronouns are used to reflect back to the subject of the conversation or the sentence.

Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. They are often used to seek more information about a particular person, object, or concept, like in the sentence "Кім?" (Who?). The word "Кім" is an interrogative pronoun that means "Who".

Here's a table showing the interrogative pronouns in Kazakh, with their pronunciation and English translation:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
не ne what
кім kim who
қандай qanday how
қайда qayda where
неге nege why
қанша qansha how much / how many
қалай qalay how

Example dialogue:

  • Person 1: Неге топ арқасында белдік? (Why are we stuck in the crowd?)
  • Person 2: Осы топке қауіпті екеуінен бірі қосылды. (One of the couples was added to this crowd.)
  • Person 1: Қайда болған өте бастапқы планға орын айырмаласақ? (Where should we

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