Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Negation"

Latest revision as of 04:41, 22 June 2023

◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Weather Vocabulary ▶️

Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Questions and Negations → Negation

Introduction: Negation is an essential aspect of any language, including Dari. By learning how to form negative sentences, you will be able to express negation and denial in various contexts. In this lesson, we will explore the different ways to create negative sentences in Dari, including the use of negation words and expressions. We will also delve into negating verbs and adjectives, allowing you to express negation more accurately. Understanding negation is crucial for effective communication in Dari, as it allows you to express negation and denial in a clear and concise manner. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in negation in Dari.

Negation Words and Expressions: In Dari, negation can be expressed using specific words and expressions that indicate negation or denial. Let's explore some of the most common negation words and expressions in Dari:

1. نه (na): - Pronunciation: /na/ - English Translation: no, not

2. نیست (nist): - Pronunciation: /nist/ - English Translation: not

3. هیچ (hich): - Pronunciation: /hich/ - English Translation: no, none, not

4. بدون (bedun): - Pronunciation: /bedun/ - English Translation: without

5. بی (bi): - Pronunciation: /bi/ - English Translation: without

These negation words and expressions can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, and nouns in Dari sentences. Let's explore each of these in more detail.

Negating Verbs: To negate a verb in Dari, you can use the negation word "نه (na)" before the verb. Here are some examples:

1. من نمی‌خوانم. - Pronunciation: Man nemikhanam. - English Translation: I do not read.

2. تو نمی‌آیی. - Pronunciation: To nemiyai. - English Translation: You do not come.

3. او نمی‌ماند. - Pronunciation: U nemimand. - English Translation: He/she does not stay.

4. ما نمی‌می‌آییم. - Pronunciation: Ma nemimiyaim. - English Translation: We do not come.

5. شما نمی‌نویسید. - Pronunciation: Shoma neminevisid. - English Translation: You do not write.

6. آن‌ها نمی‌خوانند. - Pronunciation: Anha nemikhand. - English Translation: They do not read.

In these examples, the negation word "نمی (nemi)" is placed before the verb to indicate negation. This structure is common in Dari when negating verbs. It is important to note that the negation word "نمی (nemi)" is used before the verb, while the negation word "نه (na)" is used before adjectives and nouns, as we will see in the next section.

Negating Adjectives and Nouns: To negate an adjective or a noun in Dari, you can use the negation word "نه (na)" before the adjective or noun. Here are some examples:

1. این کتاب خوب نیست. - Pronunciation: In ketab khub nist. - English Translation: This book is not good.

2. آن دختر زیبا نیست. - Pronunciation: An dokhtar ziba nist. - English Translation: That girl is not beautiful.

3. این ماشین جدید نیست. - Pronunciation: In mashin jadid nist. - English Translation: This car is not new.

4. آن مرد غریب نیست. - Pronunciation: An mard ghurib nist. - English Translation: That man is not poor.

In these examples, the negation word "نیست (nist)" is placed after the adjective or noun to indicate negation. This structure is commonly used in Dari when negating adjectives and nouns. It is important to note that the negation word "نمی (nemi)" is used before verbs, as we discussed in the previous section.

Cultural Insight: Politeness and Negation in Dari In Dari culture, negation is often used to express politeness and respect. It is common for Dari speakers to use negation words and expressions to soften their requests or refusals. For example, instead of saying "بله (bale)" meaning "yes," Dari speakers may use the negation word "نه (na)" followed by a polite expression to indicate agreement. Similarly, instead of directly refusing a request, Dari speakers may use negation words and expressions to convey their refusal in a more polite and indirect manner. Understanding the cultural nuances of negation in Dari can greatly enhance your ability to communicate politely and effectively in Dari-speaking communities.

Exercises: Now it's time to practice what you have learned. Try to form negative sentences using the negation words and expressions we discussed. Use the given prompts to create your own sentences. The solutions and explanations will be provided below.

Exercise 1: Prompt: Negate the following sentences using the appropriate negation words. 1. من می‌خوانم. 2. او می‌آید. 3. تو می‌نویسی. 4. ما می‌مانیم. 5. شما می‌فهمید. 6. آن‌ها می‌روند.

Exercise 2: Prompt: Negate the following adjectives and nouns using the appropriate negation word. 1. این ماشین گران است. 2. آن خانه بزرگ است. 3. این کتاب جالب است. 4. آن مرد ثروتمند است. 5. این دختر زیباست.

Exercise 3: Prompt: Create your own sentences using negation words and expressions to express negation or denial. Be creative and use a variety of verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

Solutions and Explanations: Exercise 1: 1. من نمی‌خوانم. (I do not read.) 2. او نمی‌آید. (He/she does not come.) 3. تو نمی‌نویسی. (You do not write.) 4. ما نمی‌مانیم. (We do not stay.) 5. شما نمی‌فهمید. (You do not understand.) 6. آن‌ها نمی‌روند. (They do not go.)

Exercise 2: 1. این ماشین گران نیست. (This car is not expensive.) 2. آن خانه بزرگ نیست. (That house is not big.) 3. این کتاب جالب نیست. (This book is not interesting.) 4. آن مرد ثروتمند نیست. (That man is not wealthy.) 5. این دختر زیبا نیست. (This girl is not beautiful.)

Exercise 3: - من به دانشگاه نمی‌رود. (I do not go to the university.) - او دستیار من نیست. (He/she is not my assistant.) - تو هیچ کاری نمی‌کنی. (You do not do anything.) - ما بدون تلفن همراه زندگی می‌کنیم. (We live without a mobile phone.) - شما بی‌پول نیستید. (You are not penniless.) - آن‌ها هیچ وقت دیر نمی‌شوند. (They are never late.)

In these exercises, you had the opportunity to practice forming negative sentences using the negation words and expressions we discussed. Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding of negation in Dari.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negations

Weather and Seasons

Past and Future Tenses

Dari Literature and Media

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Weather Vocabulary ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Asking-Questions|◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Vocabulary/Weather-Vocabulary|Next Lesson — Weather Vocabulary ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Dari-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Questions and Negations → Negation</div>
+__TOC__
+Introduction:
+Negation is an essential aspect of any language, including Dari. By learning how to form negative sentences, you will be able to express negation and denial in various contexts. In this lesson, we will explore the different ways to create negative sentences in Dari, including the use of negation words and expressions. We will also delve into negating verbs and adjectives, allowing you to express negation more accurately. Understanding negation is crucial for effective communication in Dari, as it allows you to express negation and denial in a clear and concise manner. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in negation in Dari.
+Negation Words and Expressions:
+In Dari, negation can be expressed using specific words and expressions that indicate negation or denial. Let's explore some of the most common negation words and expressions in Dari:
-<div class="pg_page_title">Dari Grammar - Negation</div>
+. نه (na):
+- Pronunciation: /na/
+- English Translation: no, not
-Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari Dari] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, you will learn about negation in Dari grammar. Negation is used to negate a sentence or a phrase, making it negative. It’s an essential part of any language, so let's get started!
+. نیست (nist):
+- Pronunciation: /nist/
+- English Translation: not
-__TOC__
+. هیچ (hich):
+- Pronunciation: /hich/
+- English Translation: no, none, not
+. بدون (bedun):
+- Pronunciation: /bedun/
+- English Translation: without
+. بی (bi):
+- Pronunciation: /bi/
+- English Translation: without
+These negation words and expressions can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, and nouns in Dari sentences. Let's explore each of these in more detail.
+Negating Verbs:
+To negate a verb in Dari, you can use the negation word "نه (na)" before the verb. Here are some examples:
+. من نمی‌خوانم.
+- Pronunciation: Man nemikhanam.
+- English Translation: I do not read.
+. تو نمی‌آیی.
+- Pronunciation: To nemiyai.
+- English Translation: You do not come.
+. او نمی‌ماند.
+- Pronunciation: U nemimand.
+- English Translation: He/she does not stay.
+. ما نمی‌می‌آییم.
+- Pronunciation: Ma nemimiyaim.
+- English Translation: We do not come.
+. شما نمی‌نویسید.
+- Pronunciation: Shoma neminevisid.
+- English Translation: You do not write.
+. آن‌ها نمی‌خوانند.
+- Pronunciation: Anha nemikhand.
+- English Translation: They do not read.
+In these examples, the negation word "نمی (nemi)" is placed before the verb to indicate negation. This structure is common in Dari when negating verbs. It is important to note that the negation word "نمی (nemi)" is used before the verb, while the negation word "نه (na)" is used before adjectives and nouns, as we will see in the next section.
+Negating Adjectives and Nouns:
+To negate an adjective or a noun in Dari, you can use the negation word "نه (na)" before the adjective or noun. Here are some examples:
-<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|Dari Grammar: Past Tense]], [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Definite-and-Indefinite-Articles|Definite and Indefinite Articles]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]].</span>
+. این کتاب خوب نیست.
-== Basics ==
+- Pronunciation: In ketab khub nist.
+- English Translation: This book is not good.
-In Dari, negation is achieved via the particle نه which is added after the verb, preceding the object or the complement. For example:
+. آن دختر زیبا نیست.
+- Pronunciation: An dokhtar ziba nist.
+- English Translation: That girl is not beautiful.
-{| class="wikitable"
+. این ماشین جدید نیست.
-! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
+- Pronunciation: In mashin jadid nist.
-|-
+- English Translation: This car is not new.
-| مانده‌ام. نه. || mândeam. na || I didn’t stay.
-|-
-| من خسته شدم. نه. || man khaste shodam. na || I’m not tired.
-|}
-In the examples above, we can see that نه is added after the verb to negate the sentence. Note that the same particle is added for both present and past tenses. For imperative forms of the verbs, however, the negation particle مت is used:
+. آن مرد غریب نیست.
+- Pronunciation: An mard ghurib nist.
+- English Translation: That man is not poor.
-{| class="wikitable"
+In these examples, the negation word "نیست (nist)" is placed after the adjective or noun to indicate negation. This structure is commonly used in Dari when negating adjectives and nouns. It is important to note that the negation word "نمی (nemi)" is used before verbs, as we discussed in the previous section.
-! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
-|-
-| نرو! مت! || na-rau! mat! || Don't go!
-|}
-== Negation with quantifiers ==
+Cultural Insight: Politeness and Negation in Dari
+In Dari culture, negation is often used to express politeness and respect. It is common for Dari speakers to use negation words and expressions to soften their requests or refusals. For example, instead of saying "بله (bale)" meaning "yes," Dari speakers may use the negation word "نه (na)" followed by a polite expression to indicate agreement. Similarly, instead of directly refusing a request, Dari speakers may use negation words and expressions to convey their refusal in a more polite and indirect manner. Understanding the cultural nuances of negation in Dari can greatly enhance your ability to communicate politely and effectively in Dari-speaking communities.
-Negation in Dari language is also used with quantifiers such as every, any, some, and no. In this case, the particle نه is added before the quantifier. For example:
+Exercises:
+Now it's time to practice what you have learned. Try to form negative sentences using the negation words and expressions we discussed. Use the given prompts to create your own sentences. The solutions and explanations will be provided below.
-{| class="wikitable"
+Exercise 1:
-! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
+Prompt: Negate the following sentences using the appropriate negation words.
-|-
+. من می‌خوانم.
-| هیچ دفعه نمی‌آید. || hîch def'e namiyâyad. || He never comes.
+. او می‌آید.
-|-
+. تو می‌نویسی.
-| همه چیز را دارد، نه فقط کمی. || hame chîz râ dârad, na faqat kamî. || He has everything, not just a little.
+. ما می‌مانیم.
-|}
+. شما می‌فهمید.
+. آن‌ها می‌روند.
-In the examples above, we can see how the negative particle is used before the quantifier to negate the sentence. Note that the negative particle can also be used with other parts of speech, such as adjectives and adverbs:
+Exercise 2:
+Prompt: Negate the following adjectives and nouns using the appropriate negation word.
+. این ماشین گران است.
+. آن خانه بزرگ است.
+. این کتاب جالب است.
+. آن مرد ثروتمند است.
+. این دختر زیباست.
-{| class="wikitable"
+Exercise 3:
-! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
+Prompt: Create your own sentences using negation words and expressions to express negation or denial. Be creative and use a variety of verbs, adjectives, and nouns.
-|-
-| کودکی نه صبوری دارد. || kudaki na saburi dârad. || The child is not patient.
-|-
-| زنده نیست. || zendeh nist. || He is not alive.
-|}
-== Double negation ==
+Solutions and Explanations:
+Exercise 1:
+. من نمی‌خوانم. (I do not read.)
+. او نمی‌آید. (He/she does not come.)
+. تو نمی‌نویسی. (You do not write.)
+. ما نمی‌مانیم. (We do not stay.)
+. شما نمی‌فهمید. (You do not understand.)
+. آن‌ها نمی‌روند. (They do not go.)
-In Dari grammar, double negation is not allowed. Using two negative particles in the same sentence leads to ambiguity, and it changes the meaning of the sentence. Therefore, one should be careful when using negative sentences in Dari language.
+Exercise 2:
+. این ماشین گران نیست. (This car is not expensive.)
+. آن خانه بزرگ نیست. (That house is not big.)
+. این کتاب جالب نیست. (This book is not interesting.)
+. آن مرد ثروتمند نیست. (That man is not wealthy.)
+. این دختر زیبا نیست. (This girl is not beautiful.)
-{| class="wikitable"
+Exercise 3:
-! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
+- من به دانشگاه نمی‌رود. (I do not go to the university.)
-|-
+- او دستیار من نیست. (He/she is not my assistant.)
-| من هیچ کاری نمی‌کنم. || man hîch kârî nemîkonam. || I do nothing.
+- تو هیچ کاری نمی‌کنی. (You do not do anything.)
-|-
+- ما بدون تلفن همراه زندگی می‌کنیم. (We live without a mobile phone.)
-| من هیچ کاری نمی‌نکنم. || man hîch kârî nemîkonam. || I am not doing anything.
+- شما بی‌پول نیستید. (You are not penniless.)
-|}
+- آن‌ها هیچ وقت دیر نمی‌شوند. (They are never late.)
-In the example above, we can see how the meaning of the sentence changes when using double negation. It is always better to avoid double negation to ensure clarity and accuracy in the message being conveyed.
+In these exercises, you had the opportunity to practice forming negative sentences using the negation words and expressions we discussed. Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding of negation in Dari.
-== Practice Sentences ==
+{{#seo:
+|title=Dari Grammar → Questions and Negations → Negation
+|keywords=Dari grammar, negation in Dari, negating verbs in Dari, negating adjectives in Dari, negating nouns in Dari, Dari language, learning Dari, Dari course
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form negative sentences in Dari using negation words and expressions, as well as how to negate verbs and adjectives. Understand the cultural nuances of negation in Dari and practice through exercises.
+}}
-Let us practice some negative sentences with the help of a dialogue between two friends:
+{{Dari-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
-* Person 1: Øچرا به عرض سلام من حتی جواب ندادی؟ (Cherâ be ‘arz-e salâm-e man hat'i javâb nadad-i?) (Why didn't you even respond to my greeting?)
+[[Category:Course]]
-* Person 2: من فراموش کردم، ببخشید. (Man farâmosh kardam, bebakhshid.) (I forgot, sorry.)
+[[Category:Dari-Course]]
-* Person 1: پس بیا قرار دیگری بگذاریم.  (Pas biâ gharrâr-e digar-i begozârim.) (So, let's plan for another meeting.)
+[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
-* Person 2: نه، قرار بعدی نخواهم داد. (Na, gharrâr-e badi nakhâham dâd.) (No, I won't plan for another meeting.)
+[[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
-== Tips ==
-To improve your [[Language/Dari|Dari]] [[Language/Dari/Grammar|grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1616 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari/question questions]!
-<span class='maj'></span>
 ==Sources==
 * [http://learn101.org/dari_grammar.php Dari Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
@@ Line 85: / Line 163: @@
 * [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
-{{#seo:
-|title=Dari Grammar - Negation
-|keywords=Dari language, negation, Dari grammar, Persian language, learn Dari, Persian, Polyglot Club.
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn about negation in Dari grammar. Negation is used to negate a sentence or a phrase, making it negative. It’s an essential part of any language, so let's get started!
-}}
-<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
 ==Other Lessons==
@@ Line 103: / Line 175: @@
 * [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
 * [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
 {{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
-{{Dari-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
-[[Category:Course]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Asking-Questions|◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson]]
-[[Category:Dari-Course]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Vocabulary/Weather-Vocabulary|Next Lesson — Weather Vocabulary ▶️]]
-[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
+|}
-[[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
+</span>
-<span links></span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Negation"

Latest revision as of 04:41, 22 June 2023

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