Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be
Hi Dari learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar. We will start by understanding the concept of the verb "be" and its different forms. We will then move on to use the verb in simple sentences and ask questions using the verb. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar. So let's get started!
Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Nouns & Personal Pronouns.
What is the Verb "Be"?[edit | edit source]
"Be" is an English copular verb that indicates the state of being. It is used to connect the subject of the sentence to its complement or predicate. The verb "be" has different forms and is used in different tenses in English. In Dari, the verb "be" is translated as "هست" (hast).
The Different Forms of "Be"[edit | edit source]
In Dari, the verb "be" has three different forms:
| Form | Dari | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | هست (hast) | am, is, are |
| Present Continuous | دارد (daarad) | am, is, are + verb + ing |
| Present Perfect | بوده‌ام (budaham), بوده‌ای (buday), بوده‌است (budast) | have/has been |
Using "Be" in Simple Sentences[edit | edit source]
To use the verb "be" in simple sentences, we need to follow this pattern: Subject + Verb "be" + Complement. Here are some examples:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| من هستم. | man hastam. | I am. |
| تو هستی. | to hasti. | You are. |
| او هست. | u hast. | He/she/it is. |
| ما هستیم. | maa hastim. | We are. |
| شما هستید. | shomaa hastid. | You are. |
| آن‌ها هستند. | aanhaa hastand. | They are. |
Using "Be" in Questions[edit | edit source]
To use the verb "be" in questions, we need to invert the subject and the verb "be". Here are some examples:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| آیا من هستم؟ | aayaa man hastam? | Am I? |
| آیا تو هستی؟ | aayaa to hasti? | Are you? |
| آیا او هست؟ | aayaa u hast? | Is he/she/it? |
| آیا ما هستیم؟ | aayaa maa hastim? | Are we? |
| آیا شما هستید؟ | aayaa shomaa hastid? | Are you? |
| آیا آن‌ها هستند؟ | aayaa aanhaa hastand? | Are they? |
Using "Be" in Present Continuous[edit | edit source]
To use the present continuous tense in Dari, we need to use the verb "دارد" (daarad) followed by the present participle (verb + ing). Here are some examples:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| من می‌خواهم برای کار درس بخوانم. | man mikhaaham baaraaye kaar dars bekhaanam. | I am studying for work. |
| تو در حال خوردن شام هستی. | to dar haal-e khor-dan-e shaam hasti. | You are eating dinner. |
Cultural Information[edit | edit source]
In Dari language and Afghan culture, it is common to use the verb "be" to express nationality, occupation, or faith. For example:
- او مسلمان است. (u musliman ast.) (He/she is a Muslim.)
- او آمریکایی است. (u Amerikaa'ii ast.) (He/she is American.)
- او پزشک است. (u pezeshk ast.) (He/she is a doctor.)
By learning how to use the verb "be," you will be able to express your nationality, occupation, or faith in Dari language and Afghan culture.
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
To give you an idea of how to use the verb "be" in context, here's a dialogue between two people:
- Person 1: تو کجایی؟ (to kojaa'ii?) (Where are you?)
- Person 2: من در خانه هستم. (man dar khaaneh hastam.) (I am at home.)
- Person 1: آیا تو دانشجوی دانشگاه هستی؟ (aayaa to daaneshju-ye daaneshgaah hasti?) (Are you a university student?)
- Person 2: بله، من دانشجوی دانشگاه هستم. (baleh, man daaneshju-ye daaneshgaah hastam.) (Yes, I am a university student.)
Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]
Now, let's practice using the verb "be" in Dari language. Here are some sentences for you to translate into Dari:
- I am a teacher.
- You are a student.
- He is happy.
- She is not hungry.
- We are busy.
- They are tired.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have learned how to use the verb "be" in Dari language. Remember to practice and use the verb in different contexts. To improve your Dari Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Adverbs & Basic Prepositions.
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- How to Use Have
- Negation
- Gender
- Plurals
- Conditional Mood
- Questions
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Adjectives
- Give your Opinion
Sources[edit | edit source]