Difference between revisions of "Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Direct-and-Indirect-Speech"

Latest revision as of 00:18, 20 June 2023

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Malayalam → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Advanced Sentence Structures → Direct and Indirect Speech

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of direct and indirect speech in the Malayalam language. Direct speech refers to the exact words spoken by someone, while indirect speech is when we report what someone said without using their exact words. Understanding how to convert direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa is an essential skill in effective communication.

Mastering direct and indirect speech will allow you to accurately convey what someone said while maintaining the appropriate tense, pronoun, and word order. This lesson will provide you with the necessary tools and examples to understand and use this advanced sentence structure in Malayalam.

Direct Speech[edit | edit source]

Direct speech is the exact representation of someone's words. It is often enclosed in quotation marks to indicate that it is the speaker's exact words. In Malayalam, direct speech is commonly used in dialogues, interviews, and when reporting someone's speech.

Let's look at a few examples of direct speech in Malayalam:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Malayalam	Pronunciation	English
"എനിക്ക് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്"	"Enikku vidyābhyāsam atyāvashyamāṇ"	"Education is essential for me"

In this example, the person directly states their opinion on the importance of education.

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Malayalam	Pronunciation	English
"ഞാൻ അഭിമാനിക്കുന്ന നിങ്ങളെ നിങ്ങളുടെ പഠനം മാറ്റി ശരിയാക്കുന്നവരാകാൻ."	"Nān abhimānikkunna niṅṅaḷe niṅṅaḷuṭe paṭhanam māṟṟi śariyākkunnavarākāṇ"	"I admire you for changing your studies to become better individuals"

Here, the speaker directly expresses their admiration for the listener's decision to change their studies.

Indirect Speech[edit | edit source]

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is used to convey what someone said without using their exact words. In Malayalam, indirect speech is often used when summarizing or reporting someone's speech, thoughts, or ideas.

To convert direct speech to indirect speech in Malayalam, we need to make certain changes to the original sentence. These changes include adjusting the tense, pronouns, and word order to accurately report what was said.

Let's look at some examples of converting direct speech to indirect speech in Malayalam:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ സന്തോഷം തേടുന്നു" (Nān santōṣaṁ tēṭunnŭ) Indirect speech: അവൻ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവൻ സന്തോഷം തേടുന്നു" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan santōṣaṁ tēṭunnŭ") English translation: He said, "He is looking for happiness"

In this example, the speaker reports what someone else said about their search for happiness.

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന നിനക്ക് നന്ദി" (Nān āgrahikkunna ninakku nandi) Indirect speech: അവൻ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന നിനക്ക് നന്ദി" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan āgrahikkunna ninakku nandi") English translation: He said, "He is thankful to you"

In this example, the speaker conveys someone else's gratitude towards another person.

Cultural Insight: Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam Literature[edit | edit source]

Direct and indirect speech play a significant role in Malayalam literature. Many renowned Malayalam authors skillfully incorporate these sentence structures to add depth and realism to their characters' dialogues. The use of direct speech allows readers to experience the character's emotions and personality firsthand, while indirect speech provides a narrative perspective on the character's thoughts and words.

One famous example of this is the novel "Chemmeen" by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. The author masterfully uses direct and indirect speech to bring the characters to life and create a sense of authenticity. The dialogues in the novel reflect the culture, traditions, and nuances of the characters' speech, making the story more relatable to Malayalam readers.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now let's practice converting direct speech to indirect speech in Malayalam.

Exercise 1: Change the following direct speech into indirect speech.

1. Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ ആരാണ്?" (Nān ārāṇŭ?)

  Indirect speech: അവന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവന്‍ ആരാണ്?" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan ārāṇŭ?")
  English translation: He said, "Who am I?"

2. Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ പഠിക്കുക ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Nān paṭhikkuka āgrahikkunnu)

  Indirect speech: അവന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവന്‍ പഠിക്കുക ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan paṭhikkuka āgrahikkunnu")
  English translation: He said, "He wants to study"

Exercise 2: Change the following indirect speech into direct speech.

1. Indirect speech: അവള്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "എനിക്ക് സിനിമ കണ്ടിരിക്കാന്‍ അനുവദിക്കുക" (Avaḷ paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "enikku sinima kaṇṭirikkān anuvadikkŭ")

  Direct speech: "എനിക്ക് സിനിമ കണ്ടിരിക്കാന്‍ അനുവദിക്കുക" (Enikku sinima kaṇṭirikkān anuvadikkŭ)
  English translation: She said, "Allow me to watch a movie"

2. Indirect speech: അവള്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "ഞാന്‍ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കാന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Avaḷ paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "nān vivāhaṁ kaḻikkān āgrahikkunnu")

  Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കാന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Nān vivāhaṁ kaḻikkān āgrahikkunnu)
  English translation: She said, "I want to get married"

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the concept of direct and indirect speech in Malayalam. We learned that direct speech is the exact representation of someone's words, while indirect speech reports what someone said without using their exact words. Converting direct speech to indirect speech requires adjusting the tense, pronouns, and word order.

Understanding and using direct and indirect speech is crucial for effective communication in Malayalam. It allows us to accurately convey someone's speech while maintaining the appropriate tense and word order. By practicing the exercises provided in this lesson, you can enhance your skills in changing direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa.

Remember to pay attention to cultural nuances and regional variations in the usage of direct and indirect speech. This will help you better understand and appreciate the rich literary traditions of Malayalam language and its unique expression of ideas and emotions.

Now, it's time for you to apply what you have learned. Practice converting direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa using the exercises provided. Enjoy the journey of mastering this advanced sentence structure in Malayalam!

Table of Contents - Malayalam Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Malayalam Script

Everyday Phrases

Basic Sentence Structure

Family and Relationships

Kerala Culture and Traditions

Future and Past Tenses

Travel and Accommodation

Malayalam Cinema and Literature

Advanced Sentence Structures

Technology and Social Media

Videos[edit | edit source]

REPORTED SPEECH (Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam ...[edit | edit source]

Reported speech || Direct and Indirect speech in malayalam ...[edit | edit source]

Reported Speech Malayalam|Direct and Indirect Speech| English ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Conditional Sentences — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Participles and Infinitives ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|◀️ Conditional Sentences — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Participles-and-Infinitives|Next Lesson — Participles and Infinitives ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Malayalam-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Malayalam|Malayalam]]  → [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Advanced Sentence Structures → Direct and Indirect Speech</div>
+__TOC__
+==Introduction==
-<div class="pg_page_title">Malayalam Grammar → Advanced Sentence Structures → Direct and Indirect Speech</div>
+In this lesson, we will explore the concept of direct and indirect speech in the Malayalam language. Direct speech refers to the exact words spoken by someone, while indirect speech is when we report what someone said without using their exact words. Understanding how to convert direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa is an essential skill in effective communication.
-__TOC__
+Mastering direct and indirect speech will allow you to accurately convey what someone said while maintaining the appropriate tense, pronoun, and word order. This lesson will provide you with the necessary tools and examples to understand and use this advanced sentence structure in Malayalam.
-As a Malayalam language teacher for over 20 years, I have encountered numerous students who struggle with changing direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa. However, this does not need to be a daunting task. With the right guidance, practice, and cultural context, you can master the art of direct and indirect speech in Malayalam.
+==Direct Speech==
+Direct speech is the exact representation of someone's words. It is often enclosed in quotation marks to indicate that it is the speaker's exact words. In Malayalam, direct speech is commonly used in dialogues, interviews, and when reporting someone's speech.
-<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|Conditional Sentences]].</span>
+Let's look at a few examples of direct speech in Malayalam:
-== What is Direct Speech and Indirect Speech? ==
-Before delving into the intricacies of changing direct speech to indirect speech, it is important to understand what these terms mean. Direct speech (or quoted speech) refers to the exact words spoken by someone, often enclosed in quotation marks. Indirect speech (or reported speech) refers to the words spoken by someone reported by another person. For example:
+===Example 1===
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| "എനിക്ക് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്" || "Enikku vidyābhyāsam atyāvashyamāṇ"
+|| "Education is essential for me"
+|}
+In this example, the person directly states their opinion on the importance of education.
-Direct speech: ഞാന്‍ സന്ദേശം അയക്കുന്നു. (I am sending a message.)
+===Example 2===
-Indirect speech: പലര്‍ക്കും പറഞ്ഞുകൊടുത്തു ഞാന്‍ സന്ദേശം അയക്കുന്നു. (I am sending a message, as told to many people.)
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Malayalam !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| "ഞാൻ അഭിമാനിക്കുന്ന നിങ്ങളെ നിങ്ങളുടെ പഠനം മാറ്റി ശരിയാക്കുന്നവരാകാൻ." || "Nān abhimānikkunna niṅṅaḷe niṅṅaḷuṭe paṭhanam māṟṟi śariyākkunnavarākāṇ"
+|| "I admire you for changing your studies to become better individuals"
+|}
+Here, the speaker directly expresses their admiration for the listener's decision to change their studies.
-As you can see, indirect speech often introduces an additional element, such as who the speaker reported the statement to.
+==Indirect Speech==
-Now that you have an understanding of direct and indirect speech, it's time to learn the rules for changing them.
+Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is used to convey what someone said without using their exact words. In Malayalam, indirect speech is often used when summarizing or reporting someone's speech, thoughts, or ideas.
-== Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech ==
+To convert direct speech to indirect speech in Malayalam, we need to make certain changes to the original sentence. These changes include adjusting the tense, pronouns, and word order to accurately report what was said.
-When changing direct speech to indirect speech, there are a few things you need to keep in mind:
+Let's look at some examples of converting direct speech to indirect speech in Malayalam:
-. Introduce the indirect speaker or the person reporting the statement. This is often done using verbs such as പറയുന്നു (saying) or പറഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട് (reported).
+===Example 1===
-. Change the tense of the verb in the direct speech to reflect the time when it is being reported. For example, if the direct speech occurs in the present tense, change it to the past tense when reporting it.
+Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ സന്തോഷം തേടുന്നു" (Nān santōṣaṁ tēṭunnŭ)
-. Make other necessary grammatical changes depending on the context of the sentence.
+Indirect speech: അവൻ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവൻ സന്തോഷം തേടുന്നു" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan santōṣaṁ tēṭunnŭ")
+English translation: He said, "He is looking for happiness"
-To illustrate, let's look at an example:
+In this example, the speaker reports what someone else said about their search for happiness.
-Direct speech: ഞാന്‍ എന്റെ പേര് സജി ആണെന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു. (I said, "My name is Saji.")
+===Example 2===
-Indirect speech: ഞാന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട് എന്റെ പേര് സജിയാണെന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു. (I reported that my name was Saji.)
+Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന നിനക്ക് നന്ദി" (Nān āgrahikkunna ninakku nandi)
+Indirect speech: അവൻ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന നിനക്ക് നന്ദി" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan āgrahikkunna ninakku nandi")
+English translation: He said, "He is thankful to you"
-Note how we introduced the indirect speaker with ഞാന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട് (I reported), changed the tense of പറഞ്ഞു (said) to പറഞ്ഞുകൊടുത്തു (reported), and made the necessary grammatical adjustments for the sentence to make sense.
+In this example, the speaker conveys someone else's gratitude towards another person.
-Here is another example to practice:
+==Cultural Insight: Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam Literature==
-Direct speech: നിങ്ങള്‍ ഗുഡ് കാണുകയും ചെയ്യാം. (You can see the goods.)
+Direct and indirect speech play a significant role in Malayalam literature. Many renowned Malayalam authors skillfully incorporate these sentence structures to add depth and realism to their characters' dialogues. The use of direct speech allows readers to experience the character's emotions and personality firsthand, while indirect speech provides a narrative perspective on the character's thoughts and words.
-Indirect speech: പലര്‍ക്കും പറഞ്ഞുകൊടുത്തു നിങ്ങള്‍ ഗുഡ് കാണാന്‍ കഴിയുന്നു എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു. (It was reported that you could see the goods, as told to many people.)
-== Changing Indirect Speech to Direct Speech ==
+One famous example of this is the novel "Chemmeen" by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. The author masterfully uses direct and indirect speech to bring the characters to life and create a sense of authenticity. The dialogues in the novel reflect the culture, traditions, and nuances of the characters' speech, making the story more relatable to Malayalam readers.
-Changing indirect speech to direct speech follows a similar set of rules as changing direct speech to indirect speech. The main differences involve reversing the grammatical changes made when reporting the indirect speech and removing the introducing verb. Here's an example:
+==Practice Exercises==
-Indirect speech: ഞാന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട് എന്റെ പേര് സജിയാണെന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു. (I reported that my name was Saji.)
+Now let's practice converting direct speech to indirect speech in Malayalam.
-Direct speech: "എന്റെ പേര് സജി ആണ്," ഞാന്‍ പറഞ്ഞു. ("My name is Saji," I said.)
-As you can see, we reversed the change made in the verb tense and removed the introducing verb പറഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട്, replacing it with the appropriate punctuation and quotation marks.
+Exercise 1: Change the following direct speech into indirect speech.
-Now, let's try a practice example:
+. Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ ആരാണ്?" (Nān ārāṇŭ?)
+   Indirect speech: അവന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവന്‍ ആരാണ്?" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan ārāṇŭ?")
+   English translation: He said, "Who am I?"
-Indirect speech: പലര്‍ക്കും പറഞ്ഞുകൊടുത്തു നിങ്ങള്‍ ഗുഡ് കാണാന്‍ കഴിയുന്നു എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു. (It was reported that you could see the goods, as told to many people.)
+. Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ പഠിക്കുക ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Nān paṭhikkuka āgrahikkunnu)
-Direct speech: "നിങ്ങള്‍ ഗുഡ് കാണുകയും ചെയ്യാം," പലര്‍ക്കും പറഞ്ഞു. ("You can see the goods," as told to many people.)
+   Indirect speech: അവന്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "അവന്‍ പഠിക്കുക ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Avan paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "avan paṭhikkuka āgrahikkunnu")
+   English translation: He said, "He wants to study"
-With practice, changing direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa will become easier and more intuitive.
+Exercise 2: Change the following indirect speech into direct speech.
-== Cultural Context ==
+. Indirect speech: അവള്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "എനിക്ക് സിനിമ കണ്ടിരിക്കാന്‍ അനുവദിക്കുക" (Avaḷ paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "enikku sinima kaṇṭirikkān anuvadikkŭ")
+   Direct speech: "എനിക്ക് സിനിമ കണ്ടിരിക്കാന്‍ അനുവദിക്കുക" (Enikku sinima kaṇṭirikkān anuvadikkŭ)
+   English translation: She said, "Allow me to watch a movie"
-It's important to note that direct and indirect speech may vary depending on culture and context. For example, in Kerala, it is common for people to use indirect speech when talking to someone of a higher social standing or authority. This can manifest in the use of humble speech forms or indirect references to what the speaker wants to say.
+. Indirect speech: അവള്‍ പറഞ്ഞുള്ളൂ "ഞാന്‍ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കാന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Avaḷ paṟaṇjŭḷḷū "nān vivāhaṁ kaḻikkān āgrahikkunnu")
+   Direct speech: "ഞാന്‍ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കാന്‍ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു" (Nān vivāhaṁ kaḻikkān āgrahikkunnu)
+   English translation: She said, "I want to get married"
-Additionally, certain cultural nuances may affect the choice of words used in direct or indirect speech. For example, referring to oneself in the first person is generally considered impolite in Malayalam. Instead, one may use indirect references or use the person's name and title instead.
+==Conclusion==
-By taking into consideration the cultural context and understanding the nuances of direct and indirect speech in Malayalam, you will be able to communicate more effectively andappropriately in various situations.
+In this lesson, we have explored the concept of direct and indirect speech in Malayalam. We learned that direct speech is the exact representation of someone's words, while indirect speech reports what someone said without using their exact words. Converting direct speech to indirect speech requires adjusting the tense, pronouns, and word order.
-== Conclusion ==
+Understanding and using direct and indirect speech is crucial for effective communication in Malayalam. It allows us to accurately convey someone's speech while maintaining the appropriate tense and word order. By practicing the exercises provided in this lesson, you can enhance your skills in changing direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa.
-Mastering direct and indirect speech in Malayalam may seem challenging at first, but with practice and an understanding of the rules and cultural context, you can become proficient in both. Remember, knowing how to express yourself with precision and nuance in a new language takes time and dedication, so keep practicing and don't be afraid to make mistakes. By mastering direct and indirect speech, you will be one step closer to becoming proficient in the Malayalam language and culture.
+Remember to pay attention to cultural nuances and regional variations in the usage of direct and indirect speech. This will help you better understand and appreciate the rich literary traditions of Malayalam language and its unique expression of ideas and emotions.
+Now, it's time for you to apply what you have learned. Practice converting direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa using the exercises provided. Enjoy the journey of mastering this advanced sentence structure in Malayalam!
-<span link>With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Compound-Sentences|Compound Sentences]] & [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Future-Tense-Verbs|Future Tense Verbs]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Malayalam Grammar: Advanced Sentence Structures - Direct and Indirect Speech
+|title=Malayalam Grammar → Advanced Sentence Structures → Direct and Indirect Speech
-|keywords=Malayalam grammar, direct speech, indirect speech, reported speech, grammar rules
+|keywords=Malayalam grammar, direct speech, indirect speech, reported speech, Malayalam language, advanced sentence structures
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to change direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa in Malayalam, including the grammar rules and cultural context.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn and practice changing direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa in Malayalam. Master the skill of accurately conveying someone's speech while maintaining the appropriate tense, pronoun, and word order. Explore the cultural significance of direct and indirect speech in Malayalam literature.
 }}
@@ Line 83: / Line 117: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Malayalam-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Videos==
+===REPORTED SPEECH (Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam ...===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K7dF0FIfSU</youtube>
+===Reported speech || Direct and Indirect speech in malayalam ...===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izEIRL1oBCc</youtube>
+===Reported Speech Malayalam|Direct and Indirect Speech| English ...===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9BxJJ7L7FA</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K7dF0FIfSU REPORTED SPEECH (Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam ...]
+* [https://unacademy.com/lesson/reported-speech-in-malayalam/AZEFIR0B Reported Speech (in Malayalam)]
 ==Other Lessons==
@@ Line 95: / Line 149: @@
 * [[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K7dF0FIfSU REPORTED SPEECH (Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam ...]
-* [https://unacademy.com/lesson/reported-speech-in-malayalam/AZEFIR0B Reported Speech (in Malayalam)]
-==Videos==
-===REPORTED SPEECH (Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam ...===
+{{Malayalam-Page-Bottom}}
-<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K7dF0FIfSU</youtube>
-===Reported speech || Direct and Indirect speech in malayalam ...===
+<span pgnav>
-<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izEIRL1oBCc</youtube>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
-===Reported Speech Malayalam|Direct and Indirect Speech| English ...===
+|[[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|◀️ Conditional Sentences — Previous Lesson]]
-<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9BxJJ7L7FA</youtube>
+|[[Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Participles-and-Infinitives|Next Lesson — Participles and Infinitives ▶️]]
+|}
-{{Malayalam-Page-Bottom}}
+</span>
-<span links></span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Malayalam/Grammar/Direct-and-Indirect-Speech"

Latest revision as of 00:18, 20 June 2023

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Direct Speech[edit | edit source]

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Indirect Speech[edit | edit source]

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Cultural Insight: Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam Literature[edit | edit source]

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Malayalam Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

REPORTED SPEECH (Direct and Indirect Speech in Malayalam ...[edit | edit source]

Reported speech || Direct and Indirect speech in malayalam ...[edit | edit source]

Reported Speech Malayalam|Direct and Indirect Speech| English ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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