Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-5:-Present-tense-conjugation-of-regular-verbs

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs

In this lesson, we will learn how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. This is an important step in building your foundation in Iranian Persian grammar. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form basic sentences and express simple actions in the present tense.

Conjugation of Regular Verbs in the Present Tense

In Iranian Persian, regular verbs are conjugated differently depending on the subject of the sentence. The present tense conjugation of regular verbs involves adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. These suffixes indicate the subject and number of the verb.

To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, follow these steps:

1. Identify the verb stem: The verb stem is the base form of the verb without any suffixes. For example, the verb "to speak" in the stem form is "goft-".

2. Add the appropriate suffix: The suffixes used in the present tense conjugation of regular verbs depend on the subject of the sentence. Here are the suffixes for each subject:

- First-person singular (I): -am - Second-person singular (you): -i - Third-person singular (he/she/it): -ad - First-person plural (we): -im - Second-person plural (you all): -id - Third-person plural (they): -and

3. Attach the suffix to the verb stem: Attach the appropriate suffix to the verb stem to form the conjugated verb. For example, if we want to say "I speak," we take the verb stem "goft-" and add the suffix "-am" to get "goftam".

Let's practice conjugating regular verbs in the present tense with some examples:

Example 1

Verb: "to eat" Stem: "khordan-"

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من می‌خورم	man mi-khoram	I eat
تو می‌خوری	to mi-khori	You eat
او می‌خورد	u mi-khord	He/She/It eats
ما می‌خوریم	mā mi-khorim	We eat
شما می‌خورید	shomā mi-khorid	You all eat
آن‌ها می‌خورند	ānhā mi-khorand	They eat

Example 2

Verb: "to write" Stem: "nevesht-"

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من می‌نویسم	man mi-nevisam	I write
تو می‌نویسی	to mi-nevisi	You write
او می‌نویسد	u mi-nevisad	He/She/It writes
ما می‌نویسیم	mā mi-nevisim	We write
شما می‌نویسید	shomā mi-nevisid	You all write
آن‌ها می‌نویسند	ānhā mi-nevisand	They write

Example 3

Verb: "to read" Stem: "khand-"

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من می‌خوانم	man mi-khānam	I read
تو می‌خوانی	to mi-khāni	You read
او می‌خواند	u mi-khānad	He/She/It reads
ما می‌خوانیم	mā mi-khānim	We read
شما می‌خوانید	shomā mi-khānid	You all read
آن‌ها می‌خوانند	ānhā mi-khānand	They read

By practicing the conjugation of regular verbs in the present tense, you will gain a strong foundation in Iranian Persian grammar and be able to express yourself in various everyday situations.

Making Simple Statements in the Present Tense

Now that you have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, let's move on to making simple statements. In Iranian Persian, a basic statement consists of a subject, a verb, and sometimes an object.

To make a simple statement in the present tense, follow these steps:

1. Identify the subject: The subject is the person or thing performing the action. It can be a noun or a pronoun.

2. Conjugate the verb: Use the appropriate conjugated form of the verb based on the subject.

3. Add an object (optional): If the action of the verb is performed on someone or something, you can include an object in your statement.

Let's see some examples of making simple statements in the present tense:

Example 1

Subject: "I" Verb: "to speak" Object: None

Statement: "I speak."

In Iranian Persian: "من صحبت می‌کنم."

Example 2

Subject: "She" Verb: "to read" Object: "a book"

Statement: "She reads a book."

In Iranian Persian: "او کتاب می‌خواند."

Example 3

Subject: "We" Verb: "to eat" Object: "lunch"

Statement: "We eat lunch."

In Iranian Persian: "ما ناهار می‌خوریم."

By practicing making simple statements in the present tense, you will be able to express yourself clearly and confidently in Iranian Persian.

Forming Negative Statements in the Present Tense

In addition to making simple affirmative statements, it is also important to know how to form negative statements in the present tense. In Iranian Persian, negative statements are formed by adding the word "نه" (pronounced "na") before the verb.

To form a negative statement in the present tense, follow these steps:

1. Identify the subject: The subject remains the same as in affirmative statements.

2. Add the word "نه": Place the word "نه" before the verb.

3. Conjugate the verb: Use the appropriate conjugated form of the verb based on the subject.

4. Add an object (optional): If there is an object, include it in your statement as well.

Let's practice forming negative statements in the present tense with some examples:

Example 1

Subject: "You" Verb: "to eat" Object: None

Negative Statement: "You don't eat."

In Iranian Persian: "تو نمی‌خوری."

Example 2

Subject: "They" Verb: "to write" Object: "letters"

Negative Statement: "They don't write letters."

In Iranian Persian: "آن‌ها نامه نمی‌نویسند."

Example 3

Subject: "We" Verb: "to speak" Object: "English"

Negative Statement: "We don't speak English."

In Iranian Persian: "ما انگلیسی نمی‌گوییم."

By practicing forming negative statements in the present tense, you will be able to express negation and communicate more effectively in Iranian Persian.

Asking Questions in the Present Tense

In addition to making statements, it is essential to know how to ask questions in the present tense. In Iranian Persian, questions can be formed by using question words, question particles, or by changing the word order of a statement.

Here are some ways to ask questions in the present tense:

1. Using question words: Question words such as "چه" (pronounced "che") meaning "what," "چرا" (pronounced "chera") meaning "why," "چطور" (pronounced "chetor") meaning "how," and others can be added to the beginning of a sentence to form a question. The word order remains the same as in a statement.

2. Using question particles: Question particles such as "آیا" (pronounced "āyā") meaning "do/does," "آیا" (pronounced "āyā") meaning "is/are," or "آیا" (pronounced "āyā") meaning "can" can be added to the beginning of a sentence to form a question. The word order remains the same as in a statement.

3. Changing the word order: By changing the word order of a statement, you can form a question. In Iranian Persian, the most common way to change a statement into a question is by placing the verb before the subject. This is similar to the English structure of subject-verb inversion.

Let's practice asking questions in the present tense with some examples:

Example 1

Statement: "She reads a book."

Question: "Does she read a book?"

In Iranian Persian: "آیا او کتاب می‌خواند؟"

Example 2

Statement: "You eat lunch."

Question: "Do you eat lunch?"

In Iranian Persian: "آیا تو ناهار می‌خوری؟"

Example 3

Statement: "We speak English."

Question: "Do we speak English?"

In Iranian Persian: "آیا ما انگلیسی می‌گوییم؟"

By practicing asking questions in the present tense, you will be able to engage in conversations and gather information effectively in Iranian Persian.

Summary

In this lesson, we have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. We have practiced forming sentences and expressing actions in the present tense, expanding our vocabulary and grammar knowledge.

By mastering the present tense conjugation of regular verbs, you have taken a significant step towards becoming proficient in Iranian Persian. In the next lesson, we will continue building on this foundation by exploring other verb tenses and sentence structures.

Keep up the good work and continue practicing!

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions

• Lesson 1: Saying "Hello" and "Goodbye"
• Lesson 2: Introducing yourself and others

  ---

Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation

• Lesson 3: Word order in Persian sentences
• Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be"
• Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs

  ---

Unit 3: Talking about daily routines

• Lesson 6: Talking about your daily routine
• Lesson 7: Talking about others' daily routines

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Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns

• Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns
• Lesson 9: Possessive pronouns

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Unit 5: Persian culture and customs

• Lesson 10: Persian etiquette and hospitality
• Lesson 11: Persian holidays and celebrations

  ---

Unit 6: Food and drink

• Lesson 12: Ordering food and drink
• Lesson 13: Talking about food and drink

  ---

Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation

• Lesson 14: Past tense of regular verbs
• Lesson 15: Word order in past tense sentences

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Unit 8: Persian literature and arts

• Lesson 16: Persian poetry and classical literature
• Lesson 17: Persian cinema and music

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Unit 9: Travel and transportation

• Lesson 18: Means of transportation
• Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings

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Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences

• Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood
• Lesson 21: Using infinitives
• Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions

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Unit 11: Persian history and geography

• Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history
• Lesson 24: Modern history and contemporary issues

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Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment

• Lesson 25: Sports and active recreation
• Lesson 26: Entertainment and leisure activities

Other Lessons

• Nouns
• Dis
• Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions
• Persian Grammar
• How to say thank you
• How to Use Be
• Pronouns
• Take
• Comaratives and Superlatives
• Most commonly used Adjective

◀️ Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be" — Previous Lesson

Next Lesson — Lesson 6: Talking about your daily routine ▶️