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==Videos== | |||
===Polish for beginners. Lesson 4. Verbs and conjugation (introduction ...=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASkrle_zD-k</youtube> | |||
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Revision as of 12:52, 12 March 2023
As a Polish language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am thrilled to introduce you to the world of Polish verbs and tenses. In this lesson, we will explore the conjugation of Polish verbs and the use of present and past tenses. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form your own basic sentences and express yourself in Polish.
Verbs and Conjugation
In Polish, verbs change their form depending on the person, number, tense, aspect, and mood. Therefore, having a good understanding of verb conjugation is key to understanding Polish grammar. There are seven persons in Polish: ja (I), ty (you), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), and wy (you plural or they).
To conjugate a verb in the present tense, you need to add the following endings to the verb stem:
| Person | Ending |
|---|---|
| ja | -ę |
| ty | -isz |
| on, ona, ono | -i |
| my | -imy |
| wy | -icie |
| oni, one | -ą |
For example:
- Kochać (to love)
| Polish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ja kocham | yah koh-HAM | I love |
| Ty kochasz | tih koh-HASH | You love |
| On, Ona, Ono kocha | on, OH-nah, OH-no KOH-ha | He, She, It loves |
| My kochamy | mih koh-HAH-mih | We love |
| Wy kochacie | vih koh-HAHT-she | You love (plural) |
| Oni, One kochają | OH-nee, OH-neh koh-HAH-y | They love |
To conjugate a verb in the past tense, you need to change the endings according to the gender and number of the subject:
| Gender/Number | Suffix |
|---|---|
| Masculine Singular | -ł, -łam, -łem, -łeś (depending on the person) |
| Feminine Singular | -łałam, -łam, -łaś (depending on the person) |
| Neuter Singular | -ło, -łoś (depending on the person) |
| Masculine Personal Plural | -li, -łam(y), -ście (depending on the person) |
| Feminine Personal Plural | -ły, -łyśmy, -ście (depending on the person) |
| Neuter Personal Plural | -ły, -łyśmy, -ście (depending on the person) |
| Non-personal Plural | -ły, -łyśmy, -łyście (depending on the person) |
For example:
- Kochać (to love)
| Polish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ja kochałem/kochałam | yah koh-HA-wem/koh-HA-wam | I loved |
| Ty kochałeś/kochałaś | tih koh-HAH-wesh/koh-HAH-wahsh | You loved |
| On, Ona, Ono kochał/kochała/kochało | on, OH-nah, OH-no KOH-haw/wah/wawoh | He, She, It loved |
| My kochaliśmy/kochałyśmy | mih koh-HAH-lee-shem/koh-HAH-wee-shem | We loved |
| Wy kochaliście/kochałyście | vih koh-HAH-leeshteh/koh-HAH-wee-shteh | You loved (plural) |
| Oni, One kochali/kochały | OH-nee, OH-neh koh-HAH-lee/koh-HAH-wee | They loved |
Present Tense
The present tense in Polish is used to describe actions that are currently happening or are habitual. The present tense stem is formed by removing the -ć ending from the infinitive form of the verb, and the endings are added accordingly to the person and number.
For example:
- Pisać (to write)
| Polish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ja piszę | yah PISH-shen | I write |
| Ty piszesz | tih PISH-esh | You write |
| On, Ona, Ono pisze | on, OH-nah, OH-no PISH-e | He, She, It writes |
| My piszemy | mih PISH-seh-mih | We write |
| Wy piszecie | vih PISH-eh-cheh | You write (plural) |
| Oni, One piszą | OH-nee, OH-neh PISH-oh-n | They write |
Past Tense
The past tense in Polish is used to describe actions that happened in the past, and it has a complex conjugation system. It includes four tenses, two aspects, and three voices. The most commonly used past tense is the imperfective past tense, which indicates a past action that was in progress, interrupted, or repeated.
For example:
- Pisać (to write)
| Polish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ja pisałem/pisałam | yah pee-SAH-wem/pee-SAH-wam | I wrote |
| Ty pisałeś/pisałaś | tih pee-SAH-wesh/pee-SAH-wahsh | You wrote |
| On, Ona, Ono pisał/pisała/pisało | on, OH-nah, OH-no pee-SAH-wahw/wah/wawoh | He, She, It wrote |
| My pisaliśmy/pisałyśmy | mih pee-SAH-leeshem/pee-SAH-wee-shehm | We wrote |
| Wy pisaliście/pisałyście | vih pee-SAH-leeshteh/pee-SAH-wee-shteh | You wrote (plural) |
| Oni, One pisali/pisały | OH-nee, OH-neh pee-SAH-lee/pee-SAH-wee | They wrote |
Sources
Videos
Polish for beginners. Lesson 4. Verbs and conjugation (introduction ...