Language/Urdu/Grammar/Passive-Voice-and-Causative-Verbs
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Welcome to the lesson on passive voice and causative verbs in Urdu! In this lesson, we will explore the intricacies of forming passive voice sentences and using causative verbs in Urdu. These grammar structures are important for expressing actions and events in a different way, adding depth and variety to your language skills. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently construct passive voice sentences and use causative verbs to convey complex meanings.
Passive Voice[edit | edit source]
The passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of a sentence receives the action of the verb. In passive voice sentences, the focus is on the object or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Let's take a look at how passive voice sentences are formed in Urdu.
To form a passive voice sentence in Urdu, we need to use the auxiliary verb "جانا" (jana) or "ہونا" (hona) along with the past participle of the main verb. The past participle is formed by adding "ا" (a) to the verb stem. Let's see some examples:
Formation of Passive Voice Sentences[edit | edit source]
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
میں کتاب پڑھ رہا ہوں | Main kitaab parh raha hoon | I am reading a book |
کتاب مجھ سے پڑھائی جا رہی ہے | Kitaab mujh se parhai jaa rahi hai | The book is being read by me |
وہ کام کیا جا رہا ہے | Woh kaam kya jaa raha hai | What work is being done by him |
قصور وہ کسی سے پوچھا جا چکا ہے | Qasoor woh kisi se poocha jaa chuka hai | The blame has been asked from someone |
Usage of Passive Voice in Urdu[edit | edit source]
Passive voice sentences are commonly used in Urdu to shift the focus from the doer to the receiver of the action. They are particularly useful when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or when the focus is on the action itself. Passive voice sentences can also be used to sound more formal or to avoid mentioning the doer. Let's see some examples:
- اس نے مجھے کیتاب دی ہے۔
(Is ne mujhe kitaab di hai.) He gave me a book.
- مجھ سے کیتاب لی جائے گی۔
(Mujh se kitaab li jayegi.) The book will be taken from me.
- ان کو کام کرنے سے روکا جا سکتا ہے۔
(Unko kaam karne se roka ja sakta hai.) They can be stopped from working.
Causative Verbs[edit | edit source]
Causative verbs are verbs that indicate someone or something causing an action to happen. In Urdu, causative verbs are used to express that someone or something is making someone else do something. Let's dive into the details of how to use causative verbs in Urdu.
To form a causative verb in Urdu, we need to use the verb "کرنا" (karna) along with the infinitive form of the main verb. The infinitive form of a verb is the base form without any conjugation. Causative verbs are often used in the present tense, but they can also be used in other tenses depending on the context. Let's see some examples:
Formation of Causative Verbs[edit | edit source]
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
میں نے کتاب کھریدی ہے | Main ne kitaab khareedi hai | I bought a book |
میں نے بچے کو کتاب کھریدنے کے لئے کہا ہے | Main ne bachay ko kitaab khareedne ke liye kaha hai | I told the child to buy a book |
میں نے ان سے کتاب خریدنے کو کہا تھا | Main ne un se kitaab khareedne ko kaha tha | I had told them to buy a book |
وہ مجھ سے کتاب لینے کو کہتا ہے | Woh mujh se kitaab lene ko kehta hai | He asks me to take the book |
Usage of Causative Verbs in Urdu[edit | edit source]
Causative verbs are commonly used in Urdu to express that someone is causing or making someone else do something. They are useful to describe situations where someone is giving orders, instructions, or suggestions to others. Causative verbs can also be used to express requests or permissions. Let's see some examples:
- میں نے اسے پڑھنے کو کہا تھا۔
(Main ne use parhne ko kaha tha.) I had told him to read it.
- میں نے تم کو گانے گوانے کا حق دیا ہے۔
(Main ne tum ko gaane gaane ka haq diya hai.) I have given you the right to sing songs.
- وہ مجھے اسے کھانے کو کہتا ہے۔
(Woh mujhe use khaane ko kehta hai.) He tells me to eat it.
Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]
In Urdu-speaking cultures, the use of passive voice and causative verbs is deeply ingrained in the language. Passive voice sentences are commonly used to show respect and humility, as they allow the speaker to downplay their role in an action or event. This is particularly important in hierarchical societies where showing humility and respect to elders or superiors is valued.
Causative verbs, on the other hand, reflect the collectivist nature of Urdu-speaking cultures. They emphasize the importance of social relationships and the interconnectedness of individuals within a community. Using causative verbs allows speakers to express their influence on others and highlights the importance of guidance and instruction in everyday interactions.
An interesting fact about the Urdu language is its rich literary tradition, which heavily relies on the use of passive voice and causative verbs. Urdu poetry and prose often employ these grammar structures to convey complex emotions and ideas. This linguistic nuance adds depth and elegance to Urdu literature, making it a treasure trove of artistic expression.
Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of passive voice and causative verbs in Urdu.
Exercise 1: Passive Voice Rewrite the following sentences in passive voice:
1. میں نے اسے پڑھا۔ 2. وہ نے مجھے بلایا۔ 3. تم نے مجھے یہ بتایا۔
Exercise 2: Causative Verbs Form sentences using the causative verbs provided:
1. کرنے دو (karne do) 2. کیا کرو (kya karo) 3. کرے گا (karega)
Solutions[edit | edit source]
Exercise 1: Passive Voice
1. اسے مجھ سے پڑھا جا رہا ہے۔ 2. مجھ سے بلا جا رہا ہے۔ 3. مجھے یہ بتایا جا رہا ہے۔
Exercise 2: Causative Verbs
1. مجھے کرنے دو۔ 2. تم کیا کرو۔ 3. وہ کرے گا۔
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form passive voice sentences and use causative verbs in Urdu. These grammar structures will greatly enhance your language skills and allow you to express complex ideas and emotions. Through practice and exposure to authentic Urdu materials, you will become more comfortable and fluent in using passive voice and causative verbs in your everyday conversations. Keep up the good work and happy learning!
Videos[edit | edit source]
causative verb 'HAVE' with active, passive and past tense | urdu ...[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
- INDICATIONS OF URDU TETRAVALENT VERBS HAVING ...
- Active and Passive Voice Rules in Urdu with Examples | Active and ...
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Case and Sentence Structure
- How to Use Be
- Complex Sentence Structure
- Verbs and Tenses
- Joining Sounds to Form Words
- Introduction to Urdu Alphabets
- Pronouns
- Plurals and Gender
- Conditional Tenses
- Conditional Mood