Language/Japanese/Culture/Traditional-and-Modern-Science-and-Technology

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Japanese → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Traditional and Modern Science and Technology

In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of traditional and modern science and technology in Japan. Understanding these topics is essential not only for grasping the Japanese language but also for appreciating the rich cultural heritage and innovative spirit of Japan. From ancient astronomy to cutting-edge robotics, Japan has made significant contributions to various fields of science and technology.

Our journey will include a look at traditional practices such as medicine and engineering alongside modern advancements. This exploration will enrich your vocabulary and give you insights into how Japan has evolved as a leader in science and technology.

Before we dive in, let’s outline what we will cover in this lesson:

Introduction to Traditional Science and Technology

Traditional Astronomy

Traditional Japanese astronomy has roots in ancient practices and beliefs. The Japanese utilized the stars for navigation and agricultural planning.

Examples of terms related to astronomy:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
星座	seiza	constellation
太陽	taiyō	sun
月	tsuki	moon
星	hoshi	star
天文学	tenmongaku	astronomy

Traditional Medicine

Traditional medicine in Japan, particularly Kampo, emphasizes harmony with nature and the balance of the body’s energies.

Examples of terms related to traditional medicine:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
漢方	kanpō	Kampo (traditional medicine)
鍼灸	shinkyū	acupuncture and moxibustion
薬草	yakusō	medicinal herbs
健康	kenkō	health
体	karada	body

Traditional Engineering

The engineering methods used in traditional Japanese architecture and infrastructure demonstrate a deep understanding of materials and the environment.

Examples of terms related to traditional engineering:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
建築	kenchiku	architecture
木造	mokuzō	wooden structure
橋	hashi	bridge
水道	suidō	water supply
土木	doboku	civil engineering

Transition to Modern Science and Technology

As we move into modern times, Japan has embraced innovation and technology, becoming a global leader in various fields.

Modern Robotics

Japan is famous for its advanced robotics industry, producing humanoid robots and industrial automation.

Examples of terms related to robotics:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
ロボット	robotto	robot
自動化	jidōka	automation
人型ロボット	hitogata robotto	humanoid robot
技術	gijutsu	technology
AI (人工知能)	jinkō chinō	artificial intelligence

Modern Medicine

Japan is at the forefront of medical technology, including advancements in medical devices and pharmaceutical developments.

Examples of terms related to modern medicine:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
医療	iryō	medical care
医薬品	iyakuhin	pharmaceuticals
手術	shujutsu	surgery
研究	kenkyū	research
テクノロジー	tekunorojī	technology

Modern Engineering

Japanese engineering advancements are seen in fields like transportation, particularly in their renowned Shinkansen (bullet trains).

Examples of terms related to modern engineering:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
新幹線	shinkansen	bullet train
交通	kōtsū	transportation
エンジニアリング	enjinia ring	engineering
設計	sekkei	design
実験	jikken	experiment

Comparing Traditional and Modern Technologies

Both traditional and modern technologies provide unique insights into how Japanese culture has evolved.

Key Differences

• Philosophy: Traditional science often emphasizes harmony and balance, while modern science is more focused on innovation and efficiency.

• Materials: Traditional techniques rely on natural materials, while modern technology often uses synthetic materials.

• Approach: Traditional methods may involve community practices, whereas modern technologies are typically developed within specialized fields.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios

Now that we’ve explored traditional and modern science and technology in Japan, let’s apply what you’ve learned through some exercises.

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match

Match the Japanese term with its English translation.

Japanese	English
星座	1. acupuncture
漢方	2. constellation
ロボット	3. robot
医療	4. medical care
新幹線	5. bullet train

Answers: 1-2, 2-1, 3-3, 4-4, 5-5

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct vocabulary.

1. The Japanese have a rich history in ______ (astronomy).

2. ______ (robot) technology is advancing rapidly in Japan.

3. Traditional ______ (medicine) focuses on natural remedies.

Answers: 1. 天文学, 2. ロボット, 3. 漢方

Exercise 3: True or False

Determine if the statement is true or false.

1. Traditional Japanese medicine is called Kanpo. (True)

2. The Shinkansen is a traditional form of transportation in Japan. (False)

3. Robots in Japan are primarily used for industrial purposes. (True)

Exercise 4: Short Answer Questions

1. What is the significance of the moon in traditional Japanese culture?

Answer: The moon is often associated with beauty and is celebrated in various festivals.

2. Name one traditional engineering technique used in Japanese architecture.

Answer: Wooden structure (木造).

Exercise 5: Role Play

In pairs, role-play a conversation where one person explains traditional medicine while the other asks questions about it.

Exercise 6: Create a Vocabulary List

Create a list of 5 new vocabulary words you learned today and write their meanings in English.

Exercise 7: Draw a Comparison Table

Create a table comparing one aspect of traditional and modern technology.

Aspect	Traditional Technology	Modern Technology
Materials	Natural materials	Synthetic materials
Approach	Community practices	Specialized fields
Philosophy	Harmony and balance	Innovation and efficiency

Exercise 8: Discussion Questions

1. How does traditional Japanese medicine differ from Western medicine?

2. What are some modern technologies that have roots in traditional practices?

Exercise 9: Matching Terms

Match the following terms with their meanings.

1. 自動化 (jidōka)

2. 医薬品 (iyakuhin)

3. 技術 (gijutsu)

Answers: 1. Automation, 2. Pharmaceuticals, 3. Technology

Exercise 10: Write a Paragraph

Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about how Japanese culture has influenced its technological advancements.

In this lesson, we have delved into the intricacies of traditional and modern science and technology in Japan, which are vital to understanding the culture and language. As you practice and engage with these concepts, you'll find your appreciation for Japan's rich heritage deepening, along with your vocabulary and language skills.

Table of Contents - Japanese Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Hiragana Basics

• Hiragana Reading and Writing Practice
• Introduction to Japanese Sentence Structure
• Particle は and が
• Verb Conjugation
• Noun and Adjective Modification
• Question Words and Phrases

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Greetings and Introductions

• Greetings
• Introducing Yourself and Others
• Describing People
• Counting Numbers and Time
• Basic Food and Drink Terminology
• Daily Activities and Hobbies
• Basic Directions and Transportation

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Geography and History

• Introduction to Japanese Geography
• Brief History of Japan
• Traditional Arts and Customs
• Popular Culture and Entertainment

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Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjective Conjugation
• Adjective Types and Usage
• Adverb Types and Usage
• Comparison and Superlative
• Adjective and Adverbial Modification

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Family and Social Relations

• Family Members and Titles
• Social Etiquette and Expressions
• Basic Workplace and Business Terminology
• Shopping and Consumer Culture

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Religion and Philosophy

• Shinto and Buddhism
• Zen and Samurai Culture
• Contemporary Spiritual Movements

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Particles and Conjunctions

• Particles に and で
• Particles へ and を
• Particles も and しか
• Conjunctions and Compound Sentences
• Conditional and Hypothetical Sentences

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Travel and Tourism

• Basic Travel and Tourism Vocabulary
• Famous Tourist Attractions and Landmarks
• Japanese Hospitality and Service Culture

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Education and Science

• Educational System and Vocabulary
• Traditional and Modern Science and Technology
• Natural Disasters and Risk Prevention

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Prepositions and Interjections

• Prepositions and Postpositions
• Emphasis and Intensification
• Exclamation and Impression Expressions

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Arts and Media

• Film and Theater Terminology
• Music and Dance Terminology
• Art and Literature Terminology

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Politics and Society

• Basic Political Vocabulary
• Social Issues and Controversies
• Japanese Business and Work Culture

Sources

• Complementary and Alternative Medicine: a Japanese Perspective ...
• Web Japan: Japanese culture

Other Lessons

• Zen and Samurai Culture
• Educational System and Vocabulary
• Traditional Arts and Customs
• Popular Culture and Entertainment
• Calligraphy
• Natural Disasters and Risk Prevention
• Japan Timeline
• Public Holidays
• Japanese Business and Work Culture
• Shinto and Buddhism

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