Difference between revisions of "Language/Tajik/Grammar/Plurals"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Tajik‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:


<div class="pg_page_title">Tajik Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Tajik Grammar - Plurals</div>
Hi Tajik learners!😊<br>Learning [https://polyglotclub.com/language/tajik Tajik] Grammar can be a challenging task, but it is also an incredibly rewarding one. With the right approach and dedication, you can master the language in no time!
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/tajik Tajik] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be exploring plural forms in Tajik. You may already know that plural forms are used when referring to more than one object, person or concept. However, in Tajik, there are a few different ways to express the plural, and they can vary depending on the noun gender and ending.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== What are Plurals? ==


Plurals are words that refer to more than one person, place, or thing. In Tajik, plurals are formed by adding suffixes to the end of nouns. The suffixes used depend on the gender and number of the noun.  
<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]], [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]], [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]] & [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Using-Conjunctions|Using Conjunctions]].</span>
== Nouns ending in -ҳ ==
Nouns ending in -ҳ become plural by replacing the -ҳ with the suffix -ҳо. This plural form applies to all noun genders.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Tajik !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| китоб || kitob || book
|-
| китобҳо || kitobho || books
|-
| мадраса || madrasa || school
|-
| мадрасаҳо || madrasaho || schools
|-
| китф || kitf || bone
|-
| китфҳо || kitfho || bones
|}
 
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Модарса дар китобҳо дастури мухтасарҳо нақш мекунанд. (Teachers draw pictures in short textbooks.)
* Person 2: Ман гурӯҳ бозӣ дар онҳои мадрасаҳо наомадам. (I played volleyball in those schools.)


=== Masculine Plurals ===
== Nouns ending in vowels (except -и) ==
Nouns that end in vowels are made plural by adding the suffix -ҳо to the singular form. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.


Masculine nouns take the suffix -ҳо when forming plurals. For example, the word for "man" is мард, and the plural form is мардҳо.
{| class="wikitable"
! Tajik !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| баробар || barobar || equal
|-
| баробарҳо || barobarho || equals
|-
| шахс || shahs || person
|-
| шахсҳо || shahsho || people
|-
| ҷавоб || javob || answer
|-
| ҷавобҳо || javobho || answers
|}


=== Feminine Plurals ===
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Баробарҳо бо монанди баробар низ мегӯяд. (Equals are not born with the meaning of equal.)
* Person 2: Шумо бояд ҷавобҳои шуморо дар тестҳо медиҳед. (You must give your answers in the tests.)


Feminine nouns take the suffix -ҳои when forming plurals. For example, the word for "woman" is зан, and the plural form is занҳои.  
== Nouns ending in -и ==
Nouns that end in -и become plural by changing the -и to -ён. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.


=== Neuter Plurals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tajik !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| рӯзгор || ruzgor || day-labourer
|-
| рӯзгорён || ruzgoryon || day-labourers
|-
| таърих || tarih || history
|-
| таърихён || tarih yon || histories
|-
| забон || zaban || language
|-
| забонён || zabonyon || languages
|}


Neuter nouns take the suffix -ҳо when forming plurals. For example, the word for "book" is китоб, and the plural form is китобҳо.  
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Мардум одамони рӯзгорёнро шукӯҳ мепаранд. (People appreciate the hard work of labourers.)
* Person 2: Ёдҳои забонёнро бо мутолиа намоед мевақт кадров дар сеҳати дунё афзоид мепазирам. (Study of languages will increase career opportunities in the health sector.)


== Irregular Plurals ==
== Nouns ending in consonants ==
Nouns ending in consonants show no change in the plural, and can be grouped into three categories:
* Nouns that end in -р, -л, -н, -й, -м, -в retain the last consonant in the plural form.
* Nouns that end in -т, -д, -з replace the final consonant with -она.
* Nouns that end in -п, -к, -г, -ф, -х, -ҳ replace the final consonant with -ҳо in the plural form.
This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.


Some nouns have irregular plural forms. For example, the word for "child" is писар, and the plural form is писарон.
{| class="wikitable"
! Tajik !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| дерс || dars || lesson
|-
| дарсон || darson || lessons
|-
| китобгӯ || kitobgu || librarian
|-
| китобгӯҳо || kitobguho || librarians
|-
| дӯст || dust || friend
|-
| дӯстон || doston || friends
|-
| қаҳва || qahva || coffee
|-
| қаҳваҳо || qahvaho || coffees
|}


== Practice ==
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Шумо метавонед бо дӯстонро аз рӯи истиқбол ба рӯзи шанбе пайда шавед. (You can be prepared to welcome friends on Saturday.)
* Person 2: Вай қаҳваҳо яке бадаф нарафтаанд. (They did not make any coffee.)


Now that you know how to form plurals in Tajik, why not practice what you've learned? Here are some examples of nouns and their plural forms:  
== Exceptions ==
As with any language, there are always words that do not follow the rules above. Here are a few exceptions that must be memorized:


* духтар - духтарон
{| class="wikitable"
* дарвоза - дарвозаҳо
! Tajik !! Pronunciation !! English
* дарвозаҳои - дарвозаҳоҳои
|-
* дарвона - дарвонаҳо
| фарход || farhod || Farhod (name)
|-
| сӣмӣ || siimi || samovar
|-
| айъни Тӯҷик || ayni Tojik || Tajik mirror
|-
| хонгар || hongar || Hongar (name)
|-
| харомга || xaromga || protected area
|}


If you want to learn more about Tajik grammar, you can check out our other lessons on the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=124 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/tajik/question questions]!
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Айъни Тӯҷикро ба ширкат медоранд? (Do they use Tajik mirrors in the company?)
* Person 2: Ман ҳамаи номҳои хонгарро яд гирӯ фармондам. (I memorized all of the names of Hongar.)


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Now that you are armed with knowledge about Tajik grammar plurals, you can practice with different sentences and keep expanding your vocabulary. To improve your [[Language/Tajik|Tajik]] [[Language/Tajik/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=124 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/tajik/question questions]!


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_grammar Tajik grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Tajik Tajik Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster]


==Videos==
{{#seo:
|title=Tajik Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Tajik, Tajik language, Tajik Grammar, Tajik Plural, Plural forms, Tajik conversation, Tajik vocabulary
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the different plural forms of words in Tajik, including exceptions, with examples and dialogue to help you put them into practice.
}}


===NAVRUZ 2021 - PART TWO || Spring Holidays #Tajikistan #Navruz ...===
==Other Lessons==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo6DSJXdcTk</youtube>
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


{{Tajik-Page-Bottom}}
{{Tajik-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:04, 27 March 2023

Tajik-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Tajik Grammar - Plurals

Hi Tajik learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be exploring plural forms in Tajik. You may already know that plural forms are used when referring to more than one object, person or concept. However, in Tajik, there are a few different ways to express the plural, and they can vary depending on the noun gender and ending.


Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Give your Opinion, Nouns, Present Tense & Using Conjunctions.

Nouns ending in -ҳ[edit | edit source]

Nouns ending in -ҳ become plural by replacing the -ҳ with the suffix -ҳо. This plural form applies to all noun genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
китоб kitob book
китобҳо kitobho books
мадраса madrasa school
мадрасаҳо madrasaho schools
китф kitf bone
китфҳо kitfho bones

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Модарса дар китобҳо дастури мухтасарҳо нақш мекунанд. (Teachers draw pictures in short textbooks.)
  • Person 2: Ман гурӯҳ бозӣ дар онҳои мадрасаҳо наомадам. (I played volleyball in those schools.)

Nouns ending in vowels (except -и)[edit | edit source]

Nouns that end in vowels are made plural by adding the suffix -ҳо to the singular form. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
баробар barobar equal
баробарҳо barobarho equals
шахс shahs person
шахсҳо shahsho people
ҷавоб javob answer
ҷавобҳо javobho answers

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Баробарҳо бо монанди баробар низ мегӯяд. (Equals are not born with the meaning of equal.)
  • Person 2: Шумо бояд ҷавобҳои шуморо дар тестҳо медиҳед. (You must give your answers in the tests.)

Nouns ending in -и[edit | edit source]

Nouns that end in -и become plural by changing the -и to -ён. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
рӯзгор ruzgor day-labourer
рӯзгорён ruzgoryon day-labourers
таърих tarih history
таърихён tarih yon histories
забон zaban language
забонён zabonyon languages

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Мардум одамони рӯзгорёнро шукӯҳ мепаранд. (People appreciate the hard work of labourers.)
  • Person 2: Ёдҳои забонёнро бо мутолиа намоед мевақт кадров дар сеҳати дунё афзоид мепазирам. (Study of languages will increase career opportunities in the health sector.)

Nouns ending in consonants[edit | edit source]

Nouns ending in consonants show no change in the plural, and can be grouped into three categories:

  • Nouns that end in -р, -л, -н, -й, -м, -в retain the last consonant in the plural form.
  • Nouns that end in -т, -д, -з replace the final consonant with -она.
  • Nouns that end in -п, -к, -г, -ф, -х, -ҳ replace the final consonant with -ҳо in the plural form.

This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
дерс dars lesson
дарсон darson lessons
китобгӯ kitobgu librarian
китобгӯҳо kitobguho librarians
дӯст dust friend
дӯстон doston friends
қаҳва qahva coffee
қаҳваҳо qahvaho coffees

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Шумо метавонед бо дӯстонро аз рӯи истиқбол ба рӯзи шанбе пайда шавед. (You can be prepared to welcome friends on Saturday.)
  • Person 2: Вай қаҳваҳо яке бадаф нарафтаанд. (They did not make any coffee.)

Exceptions[edit | edit source]

As with any language, there are always words that do not follow the rules above. Here are a few exceptions that must be memorized:

Tajik Pronunciation English
фарход farhod Farhod (name)
сӣмӣ siimi samovar
айъни Тӯҷик ayni Tojik Tajik mirror
хонгар hongar Hongar (name)
харомга xaromga protected area

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Айъни Тӯҷикро ба ширкат медоранд? (Do they use Tajik mirrors in the company?)
  • Person 2: Ман ҳамаи номҳои хонгарро яд гирӯ фармондам. (I memorized all of the names of Hongar.)

Now that you are armed with knowledge about Tajik grammar plurals, you can practice with different sentences and keep expanding your vocabulary. To improve your Tajik Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Tajik/Grammar/Plurals&oldid=204246"