Language/Tajik/Grammar/Adjectives
Hi Tajik learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in the Tajik language. Adjectives are words used to describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They give us more information about the quality or quantity of the noun. Tajik adjectives have the following characteristics:
- They mostly follow the noun they modify.
- Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Give your Opinion, Nouns, Negation in Sentences & Personal pronouns.
Gender Agreement[edit | edit source]
Tajik has two noun genders: masculine and feminine. Adjectives agree in gender with the noun they modify. Let's take an example:
| Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| гул | gul | flower (masculine) |
To make an adjective agree with the gender of the noun, we add the suffix "-и" for masculine and "-ӣ" for feminine nouns:
| Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| гул сафед | gul safed | white flower |
| гуллаи сафеда | gullai safeda | white flowers |
In the above example, "сафед" (white) agrees with the gender and number of the noun it modifies.
We can also add "-он" and "-она" respectively to form an adjective in the plural:
| Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| гулони сафедон | guloni safedon | white flowers |
Comparative and Superlative Degrees[edit | edit source]
Adjectives in Tajik language have comparative and superlative degrees. The comparative degree is used to compare two things, whereas the superlative degree is used to compare one thing with the rest of the group. The comparative form of an adjective is formed by adding the suffix "-тар" to the adjective, whereas the superlative form is formed by adding the suffix "-тарин".
Here are some examples:
| Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| гул | gul | flower |
| гулҳо | gulho | flowers |
| сохта | sokhta | fresh |
| гулҳои сокхта | gulhoi sokhta | fresh flowers |
| гулҳои сокхтаи калон | gulhoi sokhtai kalon | biggest fresh flowers |
| гулҳои сокхтаи хурд | gulhoi sokhtai khurd | smallest fresh flowers |
In the above example, we see that the comparative degree is formed by adding the suffix "-тар" to the adjective "сокхта" (fresh), and the superlative degree is formed by adding the suffix "-тарин" to the adjective "сокхта" (fresh).
Position of Adjectives[edit | edit source]
In Tajik language, adjectives come after the noun. Here is an example:
- Person 1: Оё баҳор хуб аст! (Oyo bahor hub ast! - Spring is beautiful!)
- Person 2: Баҳори гармовҳид хуб аст! (Bahori garmovhid hub ast! - Spring weather is beautiful!)
In the example above, "гармовҳид" (weather) is the noun and "хуб" (beautiful) is the adjective that modifies it. The adjective comes after the noun.
Practice[edit | edit source]
Now that you have learned about Tajik adjectives, it's time to practice. To improve your Tajik Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Here are some sentences. Add an adjective in the appropriate form to complete the sentence.
1. Барф моҳраҳои _______ рӯғӯр мешаванд. (Barf mohrahhoi _____ ru'gur meshavand. - Snowy mountains become red at sunset)
2. Ҳавои _______ мехунад. (Havoi _______ mehunad. - The weather is very hot.)
3. Там барои ман бо_________ аз губораҳо фазо мекунанд. (Tam baroi man bo_______ az guborahho fazo mekunand. - The sea becomes calm for me in front of the hills.)
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Gender
- Personal pronouns
- Personal Pronouns
- Conditional Mood
- Give your Opinion
- Negation
- Questions
- Nouns
- Pronouns
Sources[edit | edit source]