Language/Tajik/Grammar/Plurals

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Tajik Grammar - Plurals

Hi Tajik learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be exploring plural forms in Tajik. You may already know that plural forms are used when referring to more than one object, person or concept. However, in Tajik, there are a few different ways to express the plural, and they can vary depending on the noun gender and ending.


Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Give your Opinion, Nouns, Present Tense & Using Conjunctions.

Nouns ending in -ҳ[edit | edit source]

Nouns ending in -ҳ become plural by replacing the -ҳ with the suffix -ҳо. This plural form applies to all noun genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
китоб kitob book
китобҳо kitobho books
мадраса madrasa school
мадрасаҳо madrasaho schools
китф kitf bone
китфҳо kitfho bones

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Модарса дар китобҳо дастури мухтасарҳо нақш мекунанд. (Teachers draw pictures in short textbooks.)
  • Person 2: Ман гурӯҳ бозӣ дар онҳои мадрасаҳо наомадам. (I played volleyball in those schools.)

Nouns ending in vowels (except -и)[edit | edit source]

Nouns that end in vowels are made plural by adding the suffix -ҳо to the singular form. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
баробар barobar equal
баробарҳо barobarho equals
шахс shahs person
шахсҳо shahsho people
ҷавоб javob answer
ҷавобҳо javobho answers

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Баробарҳо бо монанди баробар низ мегӯяд. (Equals are not born with the meaning of equal.)
  • Person 2: Шумо бояд ҷавобҳои шуморо дар тестҳо медиҳед. (You must give your answers in the tests.)

Nouns ending in -и[edit | edit source]

Nouns that end in -и become plural by changing the -и to -ён. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
рӯзгор ruzgor day-labourer
рӯзгорён ruzgoryon day-labourers
таърих tarih history
таърихён tarih yon histories
забон zaban language
забонён zabonyon languages

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Мардум одамони рӯзгорёнро шукӯҳ мепаранд. (People appreciate the hard work of labourers.)
  • Person 2: Ёдҳои забонёнро бо мутолиа намоед мевақт кадров дар сеҳати дунё афзоид мепазирам. (Study of languages will increase career opportunities in the health sector.)

Nouns ending in consonants[edit | edit source]

Nouns ending in consonants show no change in the plural, and can be grouped into three categories:

  • Nouns that end in -р, -л, -н, -й, -м, -в retain the last consonant in the plural form.
  • Nouns that end in -т, -д, -з replace the final consonant with -она.
  • Nouns that end in -п, -к, -г, -ф, -х, -ҳ replace the final consonant with -ҳо in the plural form.

This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.

Tajik Pronunciation English
дерс dars lesson
дарсон darson lessons
китобгӯ kitobgu librarian
китобгӯҳо kitobguho librarians
дӯст dust friend
дӯстон doston friends
қаҳва qahva coffee
қаҳваҳо qahvaho coffees

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Шумо метавонед бо дӯстонро аз рӯи истиқбол ба рӯзи шанбе пайда шавед. (You can be prepared to welcome friends on Saturday.)
  • Person 2: Вай қаҳваҳо яке бадаф нарафтаанд. (They did not make any coffee.)

Exceptions[edit | edit source]

As with any language, there are always words that do not follow the rules above. Here are a few exceptions that must be memorized:

Tajik Pronunciation English
фарход farhod Farhod (name)
сӣмӣ siimi samovar
айъни Тӯҷик ayni Tojik Tajik mirror
хонгар hongar Hongar (name)
харомга xaromga protected area

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Айъни Тӯҷикро ба ширкат медоранд? (Do they use Tajik mirrors in the company?)
  • Person 2: Ман ҳамаи номҳои хонгарро яд гирӯ фармондам. (I memorized all of the names of Hongar.)

Now that you are armed with knowledge about Tajik grammar plurals, you can practice with different sentences and keep expanding your vocabulary. To improve your Tajik Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!


➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

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