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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Russian Nouns and Gender → Noun Cases Overview</div>
__TOC__


<div class="pg_page_title">Russian Grammar → Russian Nouns and Gender → Noun Cases Overview</div>
== Introduction ==


__TOC__
In the Russian language, nouns change their form based on their grammatical role in a sentence. These changes are known as noun cases. Russian has six cases, each serving a specific purpose and indicating different relationships between words in a sentence. Understanding noun cases is essential for mastering the Russian language and being able to express yourself accurately. In this lesson, we will provide an overview of the six cases of Russian nouns, their usage, and some important rules to keep in mind. Let's dive in!


<p>As a Russian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I know that one of the biggest challenges for beginners is understanding the six cases of Russian nouns. However, learning them is crucial to understanding the language and speaking it fluently. In this lesson, we will give an overview of the six cases and provide examples to make it easier for you to understand.</p>
== Nominative Case ==


<h2>Noun Cases Overview</h2>
The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. It answers the question "who?" or "what?" For example, in the sentence "Мама готовит обед" (Mama gotovit obed), meaning "Mom is cooking lunch," the noun "мама" (mama) is in the nominative case.


<h3>What are noun cases?</h3>
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Мама || Mama || Mom
|}


<p>In Russian, the ending of a noun changes based on its grammatical function in a sentence. This is called a "case". There are six cases in Russian: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental, and Prepositional. Each case has a different ending for singular and plural nouns, they have different suffix endings depending on the gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and there are other declension patterns to take into account as well.</p>
To form the nominative case, most singular nouns simply retain their base form. However, there are some exceptions, especially when it comes to masculine and neuter nouns. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually add "-ь" or "-й" in the nominative case, while neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-ё" or "-е" respectively.


<h3>Nominative Case</h3>
== Accusative Case ==


<p>This is the basic case for Russian nouns. It's used when a noun is the subject of the sentence.</p>
The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence. It answers the question "whom?" or "what?" For example, in the sentence "Я вижу кота" (Ya vizhu kota), meaning "I see a cat," the noun "кота" (kota) is in the accusative case.


<table class="wikitable">
{| class="wikitable"
  <tr>
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
    <th>Russian</th>
|-
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
| Кота || Kota || Cat
    <th>English Translation</th>
|}
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>стул</td>
    <td>stul</td>
    <td>chair</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>дверь</td>
    <td>dver</td>
    <td>door</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>курс</td>
    <td>kurs</td>
    <td>course</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Accusative Case</h3>
To form the accusative case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-а" or "-я," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-у" or "-ю." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-о" or "-е" respectively.


<p>The Accusative case is used when the noun is the direct object of the sentence.</p>
== Genitive Case ==


<table class="wikitable">
The genitive case is used to indicate possession, negation, and various other grammatical functions. It answers the questions "of whom?" or "of what?" For example, in the sentence "У меня есть книга" (U menya est' kniga), meaning "I have a book," the noun "книга" (kniga) is in the genitive case.
  <tr>
    <th>Russian</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>стол</td>
    <td>stol</td>
    <td>table</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>мяч</td>
    <td>myach</td>
    <td>ball</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>учительница</td>
    <td>uchitelnitsa</td>
    <td>teacher (feminine)</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Genitive Case</h3>
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Книга || Kniga || Book
|}


<p>The Genitive case is used to indicate possession or to describe an indefinite quantity of something.</p>
Forming the genitive case can be a little more complicated compared to the previous cases. The endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant typically take the ending "-а" or "-я," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-ы" or "-и." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-а" or "-я" respectively.


<table class="wikitable">
== Dative Case ==
  <tr>
    <th>Russian</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>книга</td>
    <td>kniga</td>
    <td>book</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>медведь</td>
    <td>medved</td>
    <td>bear</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>вода</td>
    <td>voda</td>
    <td>water</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Dative Case</h3>
The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence. It answers the question "to whom?" or "to what?" For example, in the sentence "Я дал цветы маме" (Ya dal cvety mame), meaning "I gave flowers to mom," the noun "маме" (mame) is in the dative case.


<p>The Dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of the sentence, and sometimes used after certain prepositions like "to" or "for".</p>
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Маме || Mame || Mom
|}


<table class="wikitable">
To form the dative case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-у" or "-ю," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-е" or "-е." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-у" or "-ю" respectively.
  <tr>
    <th>Russian</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>мама</td>
    <td>mama</td>
    <td>mom</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>папа</td>
    <td>papa</td>
    <td>dad</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>сестра</td>
    <td>sestra</td>
    <td>sister</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Instrumental Case</h3>
== Instrumental Case ==


<p>The Instrumental case is used to indicate the means by which something is done, and after the preposition "with".</p>
The instrumental case is used to indicate the means or tool by which an action is performed. It answers the question "with whom?" or "with what?" For example, in the sentence "Я пишу книгой" (Ya pishu knigoy), meaning "I am writing with a book," the noun "книгой" (knigoy) is in the instrumental case.


<table class="wikitable">
{| class="wikitable"
  <tr>
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
    <th>Russian</th>
|-
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
| Книгой || Knigoy || Book
    <th>English Translation</th>
|}
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>карандаш</td>
    <td>karandash</td>
    <td>pencil</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>ручка</td>
    <td>ruchka</td>
    <td>pen</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>книга</td>
    <td>kniga</td>
    <td>book</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Prepositional Case</h3>
To form the instrumental case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-ом" or "-ем," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-ой" or "-ей." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-ом" or "-ем" respectively.


<p>The Prepositional case is used after prepositions like "in", "on", or "about".</p>
== Prepositional Case ==


<table class="wikitable">
The prepositional case is used to indicate location or the object of a preposition. It answers the question "about whom?" or "about what?" For example, in the sentence "Я говорю о России" (Ya govoryu o Rossii), meaning "I am talking about Russia," the noun "России" (Rossii) is in the prepositional case.
  <tr>
    <th>Russian</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>дом</td>
    <td>dom</td>
    <td>house</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>город</td>
    <td>gorod</td>
    <td>city</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>улица</td>
    <td>ulitsa</td>
    <td>street</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Summary</h3>
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| России || Rossii || Russia
|}


<p>Although learning the cases can be difficult, knowing them is essential in order to understand and speak Russian. By practicing with real-life examples and memorizing the endings and patterns, you'll get the hang of it in no time!</p>
To form the prepositional case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-е" or "-и," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-е" or "-и." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-е" or "-и" respectively.


== Conclusion ==


<h2>Sources</h2>
Congratulations! You have gained an overview of the six cases of Russian nouns. Understanding and correctly using noun cases is essential for building accurate and meaningful sentences in Russian. Practice identifying the cases of nouns in different sentences to reinforce your understanding. In the next lesson, we will explore pronouns in the Russian language. Keep up the good work!
<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_grammar">Russian Grammar</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_declension">Russian Declension</a></li>
</ul>


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Russian Grammar → Russian Nouns and Gender → Noun Cases Overview
|title=Russian Grammar → Russian Nouns and Gender → Noun Cases Overview
|keywords=Russian, grammar, nouns, gender, cases, overview, declension, endings, patterns
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian nouns, noun cases, Russian language, Russian declensions
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the six cases of Russian nouns, including their endings, patterns, and usage. Improve your Russian language skills with our helpful tips and examples!
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the six cases of Russian nouns and their usage. Understanding noun cases is essential for mastering the Russian language.
}}
}}


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[[Category:Russian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Sources==
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-cases-4768614 The 6 Cases in Russian Grammar]
* [http://masterrussian.com/aa071600a.shtml Cases of Russian Nouns - Russian Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_grammar Russian grammar - Wikipedia]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Very-important-rules|Very important rules]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/The-verb-to-be|The verb to be]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Russian-cases|Russian cases]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Use-of-the-verb-быть-in-the-past|Use of the verb быть in the past]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Introduction-to-Pronouns|Introduction to Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/А-vs-Но|А vs Но]]


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Latest revision as of 23:29, 16 June 2023


Russian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Russian Nouns and Gender → Noun Cases Overview

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In the Russian language, nouns change their form based on their grammatical role in a sentence. These changes are known as noun cases. Russian has six cases, each serving a specific purpose and indicating different relationships between words in a sentence. Understanding noun cases is essential for mastering the Russian language and being able to express yourself accurately. In this lesson, we will provide an overview of the six cases of Russian nouns, their usage, and some important rules to keep in mind. Let's dive in!

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. It answers the question "who?" or "what?" For example, in the sentence "Мама готовит обед" (Mama gotovit obed), meaning "Mom is cooking lunch," the noun "мама" (mama) is in the nominative case.

Russian Pronunciation English
Мама Mama Mom

To form the nominative case, most singular nouns simply retain their base form. However, there are some exceptions, especially when it comes to masculine and neuter nouns. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually add "-ь" or "-й" in the nominative case, while neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-ё" or "-е" respectively.

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence. It answers the question "whom?" or "what?" For example, in the sentence "Я вижу кота" (Ya vizhu kota), meaning "I see a cat," the noun "кота" (kota) is in the accusative case.

Russian Pronunciation English
Кота Kota Cat

To form the accusative case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-а" or "-я," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-у" or "-ю." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-о" or "-е" respectively.

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is used to indicate possession, negation, and various other grammatical functions. It answers the questions "of whom?" or "of what?" For example, in the sentence "У меня есть книга" (U menya est' kniga), meaning "I have a book," the noun "книга" (kniga) is in the genitive case.

Russian Pronunciation English
Книга Kniga Book

Forming the genitive case can be a little more complicated compared to the previous cases. The endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant typically take the ending "-а" or "-я," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-ы" or "-и." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-а" or "-я" respectively.

Dative Case[edit | edit source]

The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence. It answers the question "to whom?" or "to what?" For example, in the sentence "Я дал цветы маме" (Ya dal cvety mame), meaning "I gave flowers to mom," the noun "маме" (mame) is in the dative case.

Russian Pronunciation English
Маме Mame Mom

To form the dative case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-у" or "-ю," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-е" or "-е." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-у" or "-ю" respectively.

Instrumental Case[edit | edit source]

The instrumental case is used to indicate the means or tool by which an action is performed. It answers the question "with whom?" or "with what?" For example, in the sentence "Я пишу книгой" (Ya pishu knigoy), meaning "I am writing with a book," the noun "книгой" (knigoy) is in the instrumental case.

Russian Pronunciation English
Книгой Knigoy Book

To form the instrumental case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-ом" or "-ем," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-ой" or "-ей." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-ом" or "-ем" respectively.

Prepositional Case[edit | edit source]

The prepositional case is used to indicate location or the object of a preposition. It answers the question "about whom?" or "about what?" For example, in the sentence "Я говорю о России" (Ya govoryu o Rossii), meaning "I am talking about Russia," the noun "России" (Rossii) is in the prepositional case.

Russian Pronunciation English
России Rossii Russia

To form the prepositional case, the endings of nouns change depending on their gender and whether they are animate or inanimate. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take the ending "-е" or "-и," while feminine nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" take the ending "-е" or "-и." Neuter nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" change to "-е" or "-и" respectively.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have gained an overview of the six cases of Russian nouns. Understanding and correctly using noun cases is essential for building accurate and meaningful sentences in Russian. Practice identifying the cases of nouns in different sentences to reinforce your understanding. In the next lesson, we will explore pronouns in the Russian language. Keep up the good work!

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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