Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics"
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== Classical Thermodynamics == | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
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| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |||
| 绝对温度,热力学温度 || | |||
| juéduì wēndù, rèlìxué wēndù || | |||
| absolute Temperatur, thermodynamische Temperatur || | |||
| absolute temperature, thermodynamic temperature || temperature | |||
| température absolue, température [f] thermodynamique || | |||
| 絶対温度,熱力学温度 || | |||
| ぜ↑ったいお↓んど,ね↑つりきがくおん↓ど || | |||
| абсолю́тная температу́ра, термодинами́ческая температу́ра || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 绝对零度 || | | 绝对零度 || | ||
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| ア↑ントワンし↓き || | | ア↑ントワンし↓き || | ||
| уравне́ние Антуа́на || | | уравне́ние Антуа́на || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 卡诺热机 || | | 卡诺热机 || | ||
Line 148: | Line 147: | ||
| カルノー機関 || | | カルノー機関 || | ||
| カ↑ルノーき↓かん || | | カ↑ルノーき↓かん || | ||
| теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель Карно́ || | | теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель [м] Карно́ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 卡诺循环 || | | 卡诺循环 || | ||
| Kǎnuò xúnhuán || | | Kǎnuò xúnhuán || | ||
| Carnot-Prozess, Carnot-Zyklus || | | Carnot-Prozess [m], Carnot-Zyklus [m] || | ||
| Carnot cycle || thermodynamic cycle | | Carnot cycle || thermodynamic cycle | ||
| cycle [m] de Carnot || | | cycle [m] de Carnot || | ||
Line 161: | Line 160: | ||
| 卡诺定理 || | | 卡诺定理 || | ||
| Kǎnuò dìnglǐ || | | Kǎnuò dìnglǐ || | ||
| | | Satz [m] von Carnot || | ||
| Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule || heat engine | | Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule || heat engine | ||
| | | théorème [m] de Carnot || | ||
| カルノーの定理,カルノーの原理 || | | カルノーの定理,カルノーの原理 || | ||
| カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり,カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり || | | カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり,カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり || | ||
| теоре́ма Карно́ || | | теоре́ма Карно́ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 克劳修斯不等式,克劳修斯定理 || | ||
| Kèláuxiūsī | | Kèláuxiūsī bùděngshì, Kèláuxiūsī dìnglǐ || | ||
| Clausius-Ungleichung [f] || | | Clausius-Ungleichung [f] || | ||
| Clausius theorem || thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle | | Clausius theorem || thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle | ||
Line 184: | Line 183: | ||
| 成績係数,動作係数 || | | 成績係数,動作係数 || | ||
| せ↑いせきけ↓いすう,ど↑うさけ↓いすう || | | せ↑いせきけ↓いすう,ど↑うさけ↓いすう || | ||
| коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния | | коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 焓 || | ||
| | | hán || | ||
| | | Enthalpie [f] || | ||
| enthalpy || internal energy; pressure; volume | | enthalpy || internal energy; pressure; volume | ||
| | | enthalpie [f] || | ||
| | | エンタルピー || | ||
| | | エ↑ンタ↓ルピー || | ||
| | | энтальпи́я || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 熵 || | ||
| | | shāng || | ||
| | | Entropie [f] || | ||
| entropy || work | | entropy || work; energy | ||
| | | entropie [f] || | ||
| | | エントロピー || | ||
| | | エ↑ントロ↓ピー || | ||
| | | энтропи́я || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 状态方程 || | ||
| | | zhuàngtài fāngchéng || | ||
| | | Zustandsgleichung [f] || | ||
| equation of state || thermodynamic equation; state | | equation of state || thermodynamic equation; state function | ||
| | | équation [f] d'état [m] || | ||
| | | 状態方程式 || | ||
| | | じょ↑うたいほうて↓いしき || | ||
| | | уравне́ние состоя́ния || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 自由膨胀 || | ||
| | | zìyóu péngzhàng || | ||
| | | freie Expansion || | ||
| free expansion, Joule expansion || irreversible process; volume | | free expansion, Joule expansion || irreversible process; volume | ||
| | | détente [f] de Joule Gay-Lussac || | ||
| | | 自由膨張 || | ||
| | | じ↑ゆうぼ↓うちょう || | ||
| | | свобо́дное расшире́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学基本关系 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué jīběn guānxi || | ||
| | | Fundamentalgleichung [f] der Thermodynamik, Fundamentalrelation [f] der Thermodynamik || | ||
| fundamental thermodynamic relation || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume | | fundamental thermodynamic relation || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume | ||
| || | | || | ||
| | | 熱力学の基本式 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がくのき↑ほ↓んしき || | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热泵 || | ||
| | | rè bèng || | ||
| | | Wärmepumpe [f] || | ||
| heat pump || mechanical energy; mechanical work | | heat pump || mechanical energy; mechanical work | ||
| | | pompe [f] à chaleur || | ||
| | | ヒートポンプ || | ||
| | | ヒ↑ートポ↓ンプ || | ||
| | | тепло́вой насо́с || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热量 || | ||
| | | rè liàng || | ||
| | | Wärme [f] || | ||
| heat || energy | | heat || energy | ||
| | | chaleur [f] || | ||
| | | 熱量 || | ||
| | | ね↑つ↓りょう || | ||
| | | теплота́ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 绝热指数 || | ||
| | | juérè zhǐshù || | ||
| | | Isentropenexponent [m], Adiabatenexponent [m], Wärmekapazitätsverhältnis [n] || | ||
| heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient || | | heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient || | ||
| | | indice [m] adiabatique, coefficient [m] adiabatique, exposant [m] adiabatique, coefficient [m] de Laplace || | ||
| | | 比熱比 || | ||
| | | ひ↑ねつ↓ひ || | ||
| | | показа́тель адиаба́ты || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热机 || | ||
| | | rè jī || | ||
| | | Wärmekraftmaschine [f] || | ||
| heat engine || mechanical energy; mechanical work | | heat engine || mechanical energy; mechanical work | ||
| | | machine [f] thermique || | ||
| | | 熱機関 || | ||
| | | ねつきかん || | ||
| | | теплово́й дви́гатель [м] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 理想气体 || | ||
| | | lǐxiǎng qìtǐ || | ||
| | | ideales Gas || | ||
| ideal gas || point particle | | ideal gas || point particle | ||
| | | gaz parfait || | ||
| | | 理想気体 || | ||
| | | り↑そうき↓たい || | ||
| | | идеа́льный газ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 理想气体状态方程 || | ||
| | | lǐxiǎng qìtǐ zhuàngtài fāngchéng || | ||
| | | thermische Zustandsgleichung idealer Gase, allgemeine Gasgleichung || | ||
| ideal gas law, general gas equation || equation of state; ideal gas | | ideal gas law, general gas equation || equation of state; ideal gas | ||
| | | loi [f] des gaz parfaits, équation [f] des gaz parfaits || | ||
| | | 理想気体の状態方程式 || | ||
| | | り↑そうき↓たいのじょ↑うたいほうて↓いしき || | ||
| | | уравне́ние состоя́ния идеа́льного га́за || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 内能 || | ||
| | | nèi néng || | ||
| | | innere Energie || | ||
| internal energy || thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number | | internal energy || thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number | ||
| | | énergie interne || | ||
| | | 内部エネルギー || | ||
| | | な↑いぶエネル↓ギー || | ||
| | | вну́тренняя эне́ргия || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 不可逆过程 || | ||
| | | bùkěnì guòchéng || | ||
| | | irreversibler Prozess || | ||
| irreversible process || thermodynamic process | | irreversible process || thermodynamic process | ||
| | | processus [m] irréversible || | ||
| | | 不可逆過程 || | ||
| | | ふ↑かぎゃくか↓てい || | ||
| | | необрати́мый проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 等熵过程 || | ||
| | | děng shāng guòchéng || | ||
| | | isentrope Zustandsänderung || | ||
| isentropic process || adiabatic process; reversible process | | isentropic process || adiabatic process; reversible process | ||
| | | processus [m] isentropique || | ||
| | | 等エントロピー過程 || | ||
| | | と↑うエントロピーか↓てい || | ||
| | | Изоэнтропи́йный процесс, изоэнтро́пный процесс, изоэнтропи́ческий процесс, изэнтропи́ческий процесс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 等焓过程 || | ||
| | | děng hán guòchéng || | ||
| | | isenthalpe Zustandsänderung || | ||
| isenthalpic process || thermodynamic process; enthalpy | | isenthalpic process, isoenthalpic process || thermodynamic process; enthalpy | ||
| | | processus [m] isenthalpique || | ||
| | | 等エンタルピー過程 || | ||
| || | | と↑うエンタルピーか↓てい || | ||
| | | изоэнтальпийный проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 等压过程 || | ||
| | | děngyā guòchéng || | ||
| | | isobare Zustandsänderung || | ||
| isobaric process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | | isobaric process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | ||
| | | processus [m] isobare || | ||
| | | 定圧過程,等圧過程 || | ||
| | | て↑いあつか↓てい ,と↑うあつか↓てい || | ||
| | | изоба́рный проце́сс, изобари́ческий проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 等容过程 || | ||
| | | děngróng guòchéng || | ||
| | | isochore Zustandsänderung || | ||
| isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | | isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | ||
| | | processus [m] isochore || | ||
| | | 定積過程 || | ||
| || | | て↑いせきか↓てい || | ||
| | | изохо́рный проце́сс, изохори́ческий проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 孤立系統 || | ||
| | | gūlì xìtǒng || | ||
| | | abgeschlossenes System, isoliertes System || | ||
| isolated system || physical system; thermodynamic system | | isolated system || physical system; thermodynamic system | ||
| | | système isolé || | ||
| | | 孤立系 || | ||
| | | こ↑りつけい || | ||
| | | изоли́рованная систе́ма || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 等温过程 || | ||
| | | děngwēn guòchéng || | ||
| | | isotherme Zustandsänderung || | ||
| isothermal process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | | isothermal process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | ||
| | | processus [m] isotherme || | ||
| | | 等温過程 || | ||
| | | と↑うおんか↓てい || | ||
| | | изотермный процесс, изотермический процесс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 开尔文温标 || | ||
| | | Kāi'ěrwén wēnbiāo || | ||
| | | Kelvinskala [f] || | ||
| Kelvin scale || thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature | | Kelvin scale || thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature <metrology> | ||
| | | echelle kelvin || | ||
| | | ケルヴィン温度目盛,ケルビン温度目盛 || | ||
| | | ケ↓ルヴィンお↑んどめ↓もり,ケ↓ルビンお↑んどめ↓もり || | ||
| | | шкала́ Ке́львина || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 能量守恒定律 || | ||
| | | néngliàng shǒuhéng dìnglǜ || | ||
| | | Energieerhaltungssatz [n] || | ||
| law of conservation of energy || energy; isolated system | | law of conservation of energy || energy; isolated system | ||
| | | conservation [f] de l'énergie [f] || | ||
| | | エネルギー保存の法則,エネルギー保存則 || | ||
| || | | エ↑ネルギーほぞ↓んのほ↑うそく, エ↑ネルギーほぞ↓んそく || | ||
| | | зако́н сохране́ния эне́ргии || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 迈耶关系式 || | ||
| | | Màiyē guānxishì || | ||
| | | Mayers Beziehung [f] || | ||
| Mayer's relation || specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant | | Mayer's relation || specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant | ||
| | | relation [f] de Mayer || | ||
| | | マイヤーの関係式 || | ||
| | | マ↓イヤーのか↑んけいし↓き || | ||
| | | соотноше́ние Ма́йера, уравне́ние Ма́йера || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 粒子数 || | ||
| | | lìzǐ shù || | ||
| | | Teilchenzahl [f]|| | ||
| | | number of particles, particle number || thermodynamic system; particle | ||
| | | nombre [m] de particules || | ||
| | | 粒子数 || | ||
| || | | りゅ↑うし↓すう || | ||
| | | коли́чество части́ц || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 永动机 || | ||
| | | yǒngdòng jī || | ||
| | | Perpetuum [n] mobile || | ||
| perpetual motion machine || laws of thermodynamics | | perpetual motion machine || laws of thermodynamics | ||
| | | mouvement perpétuel || | ||
| | | 永久機関 || | ||
| | | え↑いきゅうき↓かん || | ||
| | | ве́чный дви́гатель [м] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 多方指数 || | ||
| | | duōfāng zhǐshù || | ||
| | | Polytropenexponent [m] || | ||
| polytropic index || polytropic process | | polytropic index || polytropic process | ||
| | | indice [m] polytropique || | ||
| | | ポリトロープ指数 || | ||
| | | ポ↑リトロープし↓すう || | ||
| | | показа́тель политро́пы || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 多方过程 || | ||
| | | duōfāng guòchéng || | ||
| | | polytrope Zustandsänderung || | ||
| polytropic process || thermodynamic process | | polytropic process || thermodynamic process | ||
| | | transformation [f] polytropique || | ||
| | | 多方過程 || | ||
| | | た↑ほうか↓てい || | ||
| | | политро́пный процесс, политропи́ческий процесс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 过程函数 || | ||
| | | guòchéng hánshù || | ||
| | | Prozessgröße [f], Vorgangsgröße [f] || | ||
| process function, path function || thermodynamic process | | process function, path function || thermodynamic process | ||
| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 准静态过程 || | ||
| | | zhǔn jìngtài guòchéng || | ||
| | | quasistatischer Prozess, quasistationärer Prozess || | ||
| quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process || thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium | | quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process || thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium | ||
| | | processus [m] quasi statique || | ||
| | | 準静的過程 || | ||
| | | じゅ↓んせ↑いてきか↓てい || | ||
| | | квазистати́ческий проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 实际气体 || | ||
| | | shíjì qìtǐ || | ||
| | | reales Gas || | ||
| real gas || ideal gas law | | real gas || ideal gas law | ||
| | | gaz réel || | ||
| | | 実在気体 || | ||
| | | じ↑つざいき↓たい || | ||
| | | реа́льный газ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 制冷剂,冷媒 || | ||
| | | zhìlěng jì, lěng méi || | ||
| | | Kältemittel [n] || | ||
| refrigerant || refrigeration | | refrigerant || refrigeration | ||
| | | fluide [m] frigorigène, fluide [m] réfrigérant || | ||
| | | 冷媒 || | ||
| | | れいばい || | ||
| | | холоди́льный аге́нт, хладаге́нт || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 制冷 || | ||
| | | zhì lěng || | ||
| | | Kühlung [f], Abkühlung [f], Entwärmung [f] || | ||
| refrigeration || cooling | | refrigeration || cooling | ||
| | | réfrigération [f] || | ||
| | | 冷蔵 || | ||
| | | れ↑いぞう || | ||
| | | иску́сственное охлажде́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 可逆过程 || | ||
| | | kěnì guòchéng || | ||
| | | reversibler Prozess || | ||
| reversible process || thermodynamic process | | reversible process || thermodynamic process | ||
| | | processus [m] réversible || | ||
| | | 可逆過程 || | ||
| | | か↑ぎゃくか↓てい || | ||
| | | обрати́мый проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 逆卡诺循环 || | ||
| | | nì Kǎnuò xúnhuán || | ||
| | | umgekehrter Carnot-Prozess, umgekehrter Carnot-Zyklus || | ||
| reversed Carnot cycle || Carnot cycle | | reversed Carnot cycle || Carnot cycle | ||
| | | cycle [m] de Carnot inversé || | ||
| | | 逆カルノーサイクル || | ||
| | | ぎゃ↑くカルノーサ↓イクル || | ||
| | | обра́тный цикл Карно́ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 状态函数,态函数 || | ||
| | | zhuàngtài hánshù, tài hánshù || | ||
| | | Zustandsgröße [f] || | ||
| state function, function of state, point function || state variable <control theory> | | state function, function of state, point function || state variable <control theory> | ||
| | | fonction [f] d'état [m] || | ||
| | | 状態量 || | ||
| | | じょ↑うた↓いりょう || | ||
| | | термодинами́ческая фу́нкция состоя́ния || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 斯特灵发动机 || | ||
| | | Sītèlíng fādòngjī || | ||
| | | Stirlingmotor [m] || | ||
| Stirling engine || reciprocating engine | | Stirling engine || reciprocating engine | ||
| | | moteur [m] Stirling || | ||
| | | スターリングエンジン,スターリング機関 || | ||
| | | ス↑ターリングエ↓ンジン,ス↑ターリングき↓かん || | ||
| | | дви́гатель [м] Сти́рлинга || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 温度 || | ||
| | | wēn dù || | ||
| | | Temperatur [f] || | ||
| temperature || | | temperature || | ||
| | | température [f] || | ||
| | | 温度 || | ||
| | | お↓んど || | ||
| | | температу́ра || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热效率 || | ||
| | | rè xiàolǜ || | ||
| | | thermischer Wirkungsgrad, Prozesswirkungsgrad [m] || | ||
| thermal efficiency || thermal energy | | thermal efficiency || thermal energy | ||
| | | rendement [m] || | ||
| | | 熱効率 || | ||
| | | ね↑つこ↓うりつ || | ||
| | | теплова́я эффекти́вность [ж] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热能 || | ||
| | | rè néng || | ||
| | | thermische Energie, Wärmeenergie [f] || | ||
| thermal energy || enthalpy; heat | | thermal energy || enthalpy; heat | ||
| | | énergie [f] thermique || | ||
| | | 熱エネルギー || | ||
| | | ね↑つエネル↓ギー || | ||
| | | теплова́я эне́ргия || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学循环 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué xúnhuán || | ||
| | | Kreisprozess [m] || | ||
| thermodynamic cycle || thermodynamic process | | thermodynamic cycle || thermodynamic process | ||
| | | cycle [m] thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学サイクル || | ||
| | | ね↑つりきがくサ↓イクル || | ||
| | | термодинами́ческие ци́клы || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学自由能 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué zìyóunéng || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| thermodynamic free energy || work; thermodynamic system | | thermodynamic free energy || work; thermodynamic system | ||
| || | | || | ||
| | | 自由エネルギー || | ||
| | | じ↑ゆうエネル↓ギー || | ||
| | | свобо́дная эне́ргия || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热动力势能 || | ||
| | | rèdònglì shìnéng || | ||
| | | thermodynamisches Potential || | ||
| thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential || scalar | | thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential || scalar | ||
| | | potentiel [m] thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学ポテンシャル || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がくポ↑テ↓ンシャル || | ||
| | | термодинами́ческие потенциа́лы [м мн] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学过程 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué guòchéng || | ||
| | | thermodynamischer Prozess || | ||
| thermodynamic process || thermodynamic system | | thermodynamic process || thermodynamic system | ||
| | | processus [m] thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学プロセス,熱力学的過程 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がくプ↑ロ↓セス,ね↑つりき↓がくてきか↑てい || | ||
| | | тепло́вой проце́сс || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学状态 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué zhuàngtài || | ||
| | | Zustand [m] || | ||
| thermodynamic state || thermodynamic system; time | | thermodynamic state || thermodynamic system; time | ||
| | | état [m] thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学的状態 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がくてきじょ↓うたい || | ||
| | | термодинами́ческое состоя́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| Guggenheim-Quadrat, Guggenheim-Schema || | |||
| thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square || conjugate variables <mechanics> | |||
| carré [m] thermodynamique de Born || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |||
| 热力学系统 || | |||
| rèlìxué xìtǒng || | |||
| thermodynamisches System || | |||
| thermodynamic system || system <system theory>, matter, radiation | |||
| système [m] thermodynamique || | |||
| 熱力学系 || | |||
| ね↑つりきがくけ↓い || | |||
| термодинами́ческая систе́ма || | |||
|- | |||
| 普适气体常数,理想气体常数,气体常数 || | |||
| pǔshì qìtī chángshù, lǐxiǎng qìtǐ chángshù, qìtǐ chángshù || | |||
| allgemeine Gaskonstante, universelle Gaskonstante, Gaskonstante [f] || | |||
| universal gas constant, ideal gas constant, molar gas constant, gas constant || energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement> | |||
| constante universelle des gaz parfaits, constante [f] des gaz parfaits || | |||
| 普遍気体定数,モル気体定数,気体定数 || | |||
| ふ↑へんきたいて↓いすう ,モ↓ルき↑たいて↓いすう,き↑たいて↓いすう || | |||
| универса́льная га́зовая постоя́нная || | |||
|- | |||
| 蒸汽 || | |||
| zhēngqì || | |||
| Dampf [m] || | |||
| vapor || liquid; critical point | |||
| vapeur [f] || | |||
| 蒸気 || | |||
| じょ↓うき || | |||
| пар || | |||
|- | |||
| 蒸汽压缩制冷系统 || | |||
| zhēngqì yāsuō zhìlěng xìtǒng || | |||
| Kompressionskältemaschine [f] || | |||
| vapor-compression refrigeration system || intensive property; phase transition | |||
| réfrigérateur [m] à compression [f] de vapeur [f] || | |||
| 蒸気圧縮冷凍機 || | |||
| じょうきあっしゅくれいとうき || | |||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |||
| 体积 || | |||
| tǐjī || | |||
| Volumen [n] || | |||
| volume || intensive property | |||
| volume [m] || | |||
| 体積 || | |||
| た↓いせき || | |||
| объём || | |||
|- | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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|} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|+ heat transfer | |||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | |||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | |||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | |||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | |||
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | |||
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 传热 || | |||
| chuán rè || | |||
| Wärmeübertragung [f], Wärmetransport [m] || | |||
| heat transfer || | |||
| transfert [m] thermique || | |||
| 伝熱 || | |||
| で↑んねつ || | |||
| теплопереда́ча || | |||
|- | |||
| || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
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|- | |||
| 热传导 || | |||
| rè chuándǎo || | |||
| Wärmeleitung [f], Wärmediffusion [f], Konduktion [f] || | |||
| thermal conduction || heat transfer | |||
| conduction [f] thermique, diffusion [f] thermique || | |||
| 熱伝導 || | |||
| ね↑つで↓んどう || | |||
| теплопрово́дность || | |||
|- | |||
| 热对流 || | |||
| rè duìliú || | |||
| Wärmeströmung, Wärmemitführung, Konvektion || | |||
| thermal convection, convective heat transfer || heat transfer | |||
| convection [f] thermique || | |||
| 熱対流 || | |||
| ね↑つた↓いりゅう || | |||
| теплова́я конве́кция || | |||
|- | |||
| 热辐射 || | |||
| rè fúshè || | |||
| Wärmestrahlung [f] || | |||
| thermal radiation || electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter | |||
| rayonnement [m] thermique || | |||
| 熱放射 || | |||
| ね↑つほ↓うしゃ || | |||
| теплово́е излуче́ние || | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| || | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|+ matter in the state of matter | |||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | |||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | |||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | |||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | |||
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | |||
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | |||
|- | |||
| 物质状态中的物质 || | |||
| wùzhì zhuàngtài zhōng de wùzhì || | |||
| Aggregat [n] im Aggregatzustand || | |||
| matter in the state of matter || | |||
| matière [f] à l'état [m] de matière || | |||
| 物質の状態の物質 || | |||
| ぶ↑っしつ↓のじ↑ょうたい↓のぶ↑っしつ || | |||
| мате́рия в состоя́нии мате́рии || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | |||
|- | |||
| 气体 || | |||
| qì tǐ || | |||
| Gas [n] || | |||
| gas || state of matter | |||
| gaz [m] || | |||
| 気体 || | |||
| き↑たい || | |||
| газ || | |||
|- | |||
| 液体 || | |||
| yè tǐ || | |||
| Flüssigkeit [f] || | |||
| liquid || state of matter | |||
| liquide [m] || | |||
| 液体 || | |||
| え↑きたい || | |||
| жи́дкость [ж] || | |||
|- | |||
| 等离子体 || | |||
| děnglízǐ tǐ || | |||
| Plasma [n] || | |||
| plasma || state of matter; charged particles | |||
| plasma [m] || | |||
| プラズマ || | |||
| プ↑ラズマ || | |||
| пла́зма || | |||
|- | |||
| 固体 || | |||
| gù tǐ || | |||
| Festkörper [m], Feststoff [m] || | |||
| solid || state of matter | |||
| solide [m] || | |||
| 固体 || | |||
| こ↑たい || | |||
| твёрдое те́ло || | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|+ | |+ thermodynamic law | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
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! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 热力学定律 || | |||
| rèlìxué dìnglǜ || | |||
| Hauptsatz [m] der Thermodynamik || | |||
| thermodynamic law || | | thermodynamic law || | ||
| | | principe [m] de la thermodynamique, loi [f] de la thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学の法則 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がくのほ↑うそ↓く || | ||
| | | зако́н термодина́мики || | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学第一定律 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué dìyī dìnglǜ || | ||
| | | erster Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik || | ||
| first law of thermodynamics || law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work | | first law of thermodynamics || law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work | ||
| | | premier principe [m] de la thermodynamique, premier loi [f] de la thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学第一法則 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いいちほ↑うそ↓く || | ||
| | | пе́рвый зако́н термодина́мики || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学第二定律 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué dì'èr dìnglǜ || | ||
| | | zweiter Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik || | ||
| second law of thermodynamics || entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy | | second law of thermodynamics || entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy | ||
| | | deuxième principe [m] de la thermodynamique, deuxième loi [f] de la thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学第二法則 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いに↑ほ↓うそく || | ||
| | | второ́й зако́н термодина́мики || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学第三定律 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué dìsān dìnglǜ || | ||
| | | dritter Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik || | ||
| third law of thermodynamics || entropy; absolute zero | | third law of thermodynamics || entropy; absolute zero | ||
| || | | troisième principe [m] de la thermodynamique, troisième loi [f] de la thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学第三法則 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いさ↑んほ↓うそく || | ||
| | | тре́тий зако́н термодина́мики || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学第零定律 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué dìlíng dìnglǜ || | ||
| | | nullter Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik || | ||
| zeroth law of thermodynamics || thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium | | zeroth law of thermodynamics || thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium | ||
| | | principe [m] zéro de la thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学第零法則 || | ||
| || | | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いれ↑いほ↓うそく || | ||
| | | нулево́й зако́н термодина́мики / нулёвой зако́н термодина́мики || | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 相变,物态变化 || | ||
| | | xiàng biàn, wùtài biànhuà || | ||
| | | Phasenübergang [m], Phasenumwandlung [f], Phasentransformation [f] || | ||
| phase transition || physical change | | phase transition, phase change || physical change | ||
| | | transition [f] de phase || | ||
| | | 相転移 || | ||
| | | そうてんい || | ||
| | | фа́зовый перехо́д || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | 凝结,凝析 || | ||
| | | níngjié, níngxī || | ||
| | | Kondensation [f] || | ||
| condensation || phase transition; gas; liquid | | condensation || phase transition; gas; liquid | ||
| | | condensation [f] || | ||
| | | 凝縮 || | ||
| | | ぎょ↑うしゅく || | ||
| | | конденса́ция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 凝华 || | ||
| | | nínghuá || | ||
| | | Desublimation [f], Resublimation [f], Solidifikation [f], Deposition [f] || | ||
| deposition || phase transition; solid; gas | | desublimation, deposition || phase transition; solid; gas | ||
| | | désublimation [f], condensation solide, déposition [f] || | ||
| | | 凝華 || | ||
| | | ぎょ↓うか || | ||
| | | десублима́ция, дпози́ция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 凝固 || | ||
| | | nínggù || | ||
| | | Erstarren [n] || | ||
| freezing || phase transition; solid; liquid | | freezing || phase transition; solid; liquid | ||
| | | solidification [f] || | ||
| | | 凝固 || | ||
| | | ぎ↑ょうこ || | ||
| | | отвердева́ние, затвердева́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 电离,离子化 || | ||
| | | diànlí, lízǐ huà || | ||
| | | Ionisation [f] || | ||
| ionization || phase transition; plasma; gas | | ionization || phase transition; plasma; gas | ||
| | | ionisation [f] || | ||
| | | イオン化,電離 || | ||
| | | イ↓オンか,で↑んり || | ||
| | | иониза́ция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 熔化 || | ||
| | | rónghuà || | ||
| | | Schmelzen [n], Abschmelzen [n] || | ||
| melting || phase transition; solid; liquid | | melting || phase transition; solid; liquid | ||
| | | fusion [f] || | ||
| | | 融解 || | ||
| | | ゆ↑うかい || | ||
| | | плавле́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 升华 || | ||
| | | shēnghuá || | ||
| | | Sublimation [f] || | ||
| sublimation || phase transition; solid; gas | | sublimation || phase transition; solid; gas | ||
| | | sublimation [f] || | ||
| | | 昇華 || | ||
| | | しょ↑うか || | ||
| | | сублима́ция, возго́нка || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 重组 || | ||
| | | chóngzǔ || | ||
| | | Rekombination [f] || | ||
| recombination || phase transition; plasma; gas | | recombination || phase transition; plasma; gas | ||
| | | Recombinaison [f] || | ||
| | | 再結合 || | ||
| | | さ↑いけ↓つごう || | ||
| | | рекомбина́ция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 汽化 || | ||
| | | qìhuà || | ||
| | | Verdampfen [n] || | ||
| vaporization || phase transition; gas; liquid | | vaporization || phase transition; gas; liquid | ||
| | | vaporisation [f] || | ||
| | | 気化 || | ||
| | | き↓か || | ||
| | | парообразова́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
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! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 物质状态,物态 || | ||
| | | wùzhì zhuàngtài, wù tài || | ||
| | | Aggregatzustand [m] || | ||
| state of matter || | | state of matter || | ||
| | | état [f] de la matière || | ||
| | | 物質の状態 || | ||
| | | ぶ↑っしつ↓のじ↑ょうたい || | ||
| | | агрега́тное состоя́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |||
| 气态 || | |||
| qì tài || | |||
| Gaszustand [m], Gasform [f] || | |||
| gaseous state || gas | |||
| état [m] gazeux || | |||
| 気体状態 || | |||
| き↑たいじょ↓うたい || | |||
| газообра́зное состоя́ние || | |||
|- | |||
| 液态 || | |||
| yè tài || | |||
| Flüssigzustand [m], flüssiger Zustand || | |||
| liquid state || liquid | |||
| état [m] liquide || | |||
| 液体状態 || | |||
| え↑きたいじょ↓うたい || | |||
| жи́дкое состоя́ние || | |||
|- | |||
| 等离子态 || | |||
| děnglízǐ tài || | |||
| Plasmazustand [m] || | |||
| plasma state || plasma | |||
| état [m] plasmatique || | |||
| プラズマ状態 || | |||
| プ↑ラズマじょ↓うたい || | |||
| состоя́ние пла́змы || | |||
|- | |||
| 固态 || | |||
| gù tài || | |||
| Festzustand [m], fester Zustand || | |||
| solid state || solid | |||
| état [m] solide || | |||
| 固态状態 || | |||
| こ↑たいじょ↓うたい || | |||
| твёрдое состоя́ние || | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|+ thermodynamic diagram | |||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | |||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | |||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | |||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | |||
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | |||
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 热力学图 || | |||
| rèlìxué tú || | |||
| thermodynamischer Diagram || | |||
| thermodynamic diagram || thermodynamic state | |||
| diagramme [m] thermodynamique || | |||
| 熱力学線図 || | |||
| ね↑つりき↑がく↑せ↓んず || | |||
| термодинами́ческая диагра́мма || | |||
|- | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | 冷却曲线 || | ||
| | | lěngquè qūxiàn || | ||
| | | Abkühlungskurve [f], Abkühlkurve [f] || | ||
| | | cooling curve || | ||
| | | courbe [f] de refroidissement [m] || | ||
| | | 冷卻曲線 || | ||
| | | れ↑いきゃ↓くきょ↑くせん || | ||
| | | крива́я охлажде́ния || | ||
|- | |||
| 压焓图,PH图 || | |||
| yā-hán tú, PH tú || | |||
| Druck-Enthalpie-Diagramm [n], P-H-Diagram [n] || | |||
| pressure–enthalpy diagram, P–H diagram || | |||
| diagramme [m] pression-enthalpie, diagramme [m] P-H || thermodynamic diagram; pressure; enthalpy | |||
| 圧力-エンタルピー図,PH線図 || | |||
| あ↑つ↓りょくーエ↑ンタ↓ルピーず,ピ↑ーエイチせ↓んず || | |||
| диагра́мма давле́ние-энтальпийно, PH-диагра́мма || | |||
|- | |||
| 压容图,PV图 || | |||
| yā-róng tú, PV tú || | |||
| Druck-Volumen-Diagramm [n], P-V-Diagramm [n] || | |||
| pressure–volume diagram, P–V diagram || thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume | |||
| diagramme [m] pression-volume, diagramme [m] P-V, diagramme [m] de Clapeyron || | |||
| 圧力-容積図,PV線図 || | |||
| あ↑つ↓りょくー↑よ↓うせきず,ピ↑ーブイせ↓んず || | |||
| диагра́мма давле́ние-объём, PV-диаграмма || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 温熵图,TS图 || | ||
| | | wēn-shāng tú, TS tú || | ||
| | | Temperatur-Entropie-Diagramm [n], T-S-Diagramm [n] || | ||
| | | temperature–entropy diagram, T–S diagram || thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy | ||
| | | diagramme [m] température-entropie, diagramme [m] T-S || | ||
| | | 温度-エントロピー図,TS線図 || | ||
| | | お↓んどーエ↑ントロピ↓ーず, ティ↑ーエスせ↓んず || | ||
| | | диагра́мма температу́рно-энтропи́йная, TS-диаграмма || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 焓熵图,HS图 || | ||
| | | hán-shāng tú, HS tú || | ||
| | | Entropie-Enthalpie-Diagram [n], H-S-Diagram [n] || | ||
| | | enthalpy–entropy diagram, H–S diagram, Mollier diagram || | ||
| | | diagramme [m] entropie-enthalpie, diagramme [m] enthalpique, diagramme [m] de Mollier || | ||
| | | エンタルピー-エントロピー図,HS線図 || | ||
| | | エ↑ンタルピ↓ー-エ↑ントロピ↓ーず,エ↑イチエスせ↓んず || | ||
| | | диагра́мма энтальпийно-энтропи́йная, HS-диагра́мма || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== Statistical Mechanics === | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 玻尔兹曼输运方程,玻尔兹曼方程 || | ||
| | | Bō'ěrzīmàn shūyùn fāngchéng, Bō'ěrzīmàn fāngchéng || | ||
| | | Boltzmannsche Transportgleichung [f], Boltzmann-Gleichung [f] || | ||
| Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation || thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium | | Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation || thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium | ||
| | | équation [f] de transport [m], équation [f] de Boltzmann || | ||
| | | ボルツマン方程式 || | ||
| | | ボ↑ルツマンほうて↓いしき || | ||
| | | кинети́ческое уравне́ние Бо́льцмана, уравне́ние Бо́льцмана || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 自由焓,吉布斯自由能,吉布斯能 || | ||
| | | zìyóu hán, Jíbùsī zìyóu néng, Jíbùsī néng || | ||
| | | freie Enthalpie, Gibbs-Energie [f] || | ||
| Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy || thermodynamic potential | | Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy || thermodynamic potential | ||
| | | enthalpie [f] libre, énergie [f] libre de Gibbs, énergie [f] de Gibbs || | ||
| | | 自由エンタルピー,ギ↑ブズエネ↓ルギー || | ||
| | | じ↑ゆうエンタ↓ルピー,ギ↑ブズエネ↓ルギー || | ||
| | | изобарно-изотермический потенциал, свобо́дная эне́ргия Ги́ббса, эне́ргия Ги́ббса, потенциа́л Ги́ббса || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 巨正则系综 || | ||
| | | jù zhèngzé xìzōng || | ||
| | | großkanonisches Ensemble || | ||
| grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble || statistical ensemble | | grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble || statistical ensemble | ||
| | | ensemble [m] grand-canonique || | ||
| | | 大正準集団 || | ||
| | | だ↑いせいじゅんしゅ↓うだん || | ||
| | | большо́й канони́ческий анса́мбль || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 大位能,朗道自由能 || | ||
| | | dà wèinéng, Lǎngdào zìyóunéng || | ||
| | | großkanonische Potential, Landau-Potential [f] || | ||
| grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume | | grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume | ||
| || | | || | ||
| | | グランドポテンシャル || | ||
| | | グ↑ランドポテ↓ンシャル || | ||
| | | большо́й термодинами́ческий потенциа́л, потенциа́л Ланда́у || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 亥姆霍兹自由能,亥姆霍兹能 || | ||
| | | Hàimǔhuòzī zìyóunéng, Hàimǔhuòzī néng || | ||
| | | helmholtzsche freie Energie, Helmholtz-Potential [f], helmholtzsche Energie, Helmholtz-Energie || | ||
| Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy || isothermal process | | Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy || isothermal process | ||
| | | énergie [f] libre, énergie [f] de Helmholtz || | ||
| | | ヘルムホルツ自由エネルギー || | ||
| | | ヘ↑ルムホ↓ルツじ↑ゆうエネル↓ギー || | ||
| | | свобо́дная эне́ргия, эне́ргия Гельмго́льца || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | H定理 || | ||
| | | H-dìnglǐ || | ||
| | | H-Theorem [n] || | ||
| H-theorem || entropy; ideal gas | | H-theorem || entropy; ideal gas | ||
| | | théorème [m] H || | ||
| | | H定理 || | ||
| | | エ↑イチて↓いり || | ||
| | | H-теоре́ма || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 气体动理论,分子运动论,分子动理论 || | ||
| | | qìtǐ dònglǐlùn, fēnzǐ yùndòng lùn, fēnzǐ dònglǐlùn || | ||
| | | kinetische Gastheorie || | ||
| kinetic theory of gases || gas; particle number | | kinetic theory of gases || gas; particle number | ||
| | | théorie [f] cinétique des gaz [m] || | ||
| | | 気体分子運動論,気体運動論,分子運動論 || | ||
| | | き↑たいぶんしうんど↓うろん,き↑たいうんど↓うろん,ぶ↑んしうんど↓うろん || | ||
| | | молекуля́рно-кинети́ческая тео́рия || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 麦克斯韦关系式 || | ||
| | | Màikèsīwéi guānxishì || | ||
| | | Maxwell-Beziehungen [f pl], Maxwell-Relationen [f pl] || | ||
| Maxwell relations || symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential | | Maxwell relations || symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential | ||
| | | relations [f pl] de Maxwell || | ||
| | | マクスウェルの関係式 || | ||
| | | マ↓クスウェルのか↑んけ↓いしき || | ||
| | | соотноше́ния Ма́ксвелла || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 自洽场理论,平均场论 || | ||
| | | zìqiàchǎng lǐlùn, píngjūnchǎng lùn || | ||
| | | Molekularfeldtheorie [f] || | ||
| | | self-consistent field theory, mean-field theory || | ||
| | | théorie [f] du champ moléculaire || | ||
| | | 平均場近似 || | ||
| | | へ↑いきんばき↓んじ || | ||
| | | тео́рия самосогласо́ванного по́ля, Тео́рия сре́днего по́ля || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 比焓 || | ||
| | | bǐ hán || | ||
| | | spezifische Enthalpie || | ||
| specific enthalpy || enthalpy; mass | | specific enthalpy || enthalpy; mass | ||
| | | enthalpie [f] spécifique || | ||
| | | 比エンタルピー || | ||
| | | ひ↑エン↓タルピー || | ||
| | | уде́льная энтальпи́я || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学极限 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué jíxiàn || | ||
| | | thermodynamischer Grenzfall, thermodynamischer Limes || | ||
| thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit || particle number; volume | | thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit || particle number; volume | ||
| | | limite [f] thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学的極限 || | ||
| | | ね↑つりきがくてききょ↓くげん || | ||
| | | термодинами́ческий преде́л || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 热力学势 || | ||
| | | rèlìxué shì || | ||
| | | thermodynamisches Potential || | ||
| thermodynamic potential || thermodynamic state; scalar | | thermodynamic potential || thermodynamic state; scalar | ||
| | | potentiel [m] thermodynamique || | ||
| | | 熱力学ポテンシャル || | ||
| | | ね↑つりきがくポテ↓ンシャル || | ||
| | | термодинами́ческие потенциа́лы || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 弗拉索夫方程 || | ||
| | | Fúlāsuǒfū fāngchéng || | ||
| | | Vlasov-Gleichung [f] || | ||
| Vlasov equation || differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle | | Vlasov equation || differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle | ||
| | | équation de Vlassov || | ||
| | | ブラソフ方程式 || | ||
| | | ブ↑ラソフほうて↓いしき || | ||
| | | уравне́ние Вла́сова || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Chemical Thermodynamics == | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 化学势 || | ||
| | | huàxué shì || | ||
| | | chemisches Potential, chemisches Potenzial || | ||
| chemical potential || chemical species; energy; phase transition | | chemical potential || chemical species; energy; phase transition | ||
| | | potentiel [m] chimique || | ||
| | | 化学ポテンシャル || | ||
| | | か↑がくポテ↓ンシャル || | ||
| | | хими́ческий потенциа́л || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
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== Quantum Thermodynamics == | |||
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== Equilibrium Thermodynamics == | |||
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== Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics == | |||
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<center> | |||
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/320px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png | |||
</center> | |||
{{Sci-Tech-Index-Menu}} | |||
{ | |||
==== | ==Other Lessons== | ||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Linguistics|Linguistics]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Cell-Biology|Cell Biology]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Common-Han-Characters-with-⼀|Common Han Characters with ⼀]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Theory-of-Inventive-Problem-Solving|Theory of Inventive Problem Solving]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Greetings-How-are-you|Greetings How are you]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Happy-New-Year-in-all-languages|Happy New Year in all languages]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Technical-Drawing|Technical Drawing]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Pronouns|Pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Machine-Element|Machine Element]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 13:13, 27 March 2023
Hello polyglots, 😀
On this page you will find a part of the Sci–Tech Index, a project for science and technology learners.
cmn-Hans-CN: 科目 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: kēmù | deu-Latn-DE: Fach [n] | eng-Latn-US: subject | fra-Latn-FR: matière [f] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 科目 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑もく | rus-Cyrl-RU: предме́т |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
经典热力学 | jīngdiǎn rèlìxué | klassische Thermodynamik | classical thermodynamics | thermodynamique [f] classique | 古典熱力学 | こ↑てんねつりき↓がく | класси́ческая термодина́мика |
统计力学 | tǒngjì lìxué | statistische Mechanik | statistical mechanics | physique [f] statistique | 統計力学 | と↑うけいりき↓がく | статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика |
化学热力学 | huàxué rèlìxué | chemische Thermodynamik | chemical thermodynamics | thermodynamique [f] chimique | 化学熱力学 | か↑がくねつりき↓がく | хими́ческая термодина́мика |
量子热力学 | liàngzǐ rèlìxué | Quantenthermodynamik [f] | quantum thermodynamics | thermodynamique [f] quantique | 量子熱力学 | りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく | ква́нтовой термодина́мики |
非平衡态热力学 | fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué | Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f] | non-equilibrium thermodynamics | thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre | 非平衡熱力学 | ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく | неравнове́сная термодина́мика |
Classical Thermodynamics[edit | edit source]
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
绝对温度,热力学温度 | juéduì wēndù, rèlìxué wēndù | absolute Temperatur, thermodynamische Temperatur | absolute temperature, thermodynamic temperature | temperature | température absolue, température [f] thermodynamique | 絶対温度,熱力学温度 | ぜ↑ったいお↓んど,ね↑つりきがくおん↓ど | абсолю́тная температу́ра, термодинами́ческая температу́ра | |||||||
绝对零度 | juéduì língdù | absoluter Nullpunkt | absolute zero | temperature; particle | zéro absolu | 絶対零度 | ぜ↑ったいれ↓いど | абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры, абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры | |||||||
吸收式制冷机 | xīshōushì zhìlěngjī | Absorptionskältemaschine [f] | absorption refrigerator | refrigeration | réfrigérateur [m] à absorption de gaz [m] | 吸収式冷凍機 | きゅうしゅうしきれいとうき | абсорбцио́нная холоди́льная маши́на | |||||||
绝热过程 | juérè guòchéng | adiabatische Zustandsänderung, adiabate Zustandsänderung | adiabatic process | thermodynamic process | processus [m] adiabatique | 断熱過程 | だんねつかてい | адиабати́ческий проце́сс, адиаба́тный проце́сс | |||||||
安托万方程 | Āntuōwàn fāngchéng | Antoine-Gleichung [f] | Antoine equation | temperature; vapor pressure | équation [f] d'Antoine | アントワン式 | ア↑ントワンし↓き | уравне́ние Антуа́на | |||||||
卡诺热机 | Kǎnuò rèjī | Carnot-Maschine [f] | Carnot heat engine | Carnot cycle; heat engine | moteur [m] Carnot | カルノー機関 | カ↑ルノーき↓かん | теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель [м] Карно́ | |||||||
卡诺循环 | Kǎnuò xúnhuán | Carnot-Prozess [m], Carnot-Zyklus [m] | Carnot cycle | thermodynamic cycle | cycle [m] de Carnot | カルノーサイクル | カ↑ルノーサ↓イクル | цикл Карно́, проце́сс Карно́ | |||||||
卡诺定理 | Kǎnuò dìnglǐ | Satz [m] von Carnot | Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule | heat engine | théorème [m] de Carnot | カルノーの定理,カルノーの原理 | カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり,カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり | теоре́ма Карно́ | |||||||
克劳修斯不等式,克劳修斯定理 | Kèláuxiūsī bùděngshì, Kèláuxiūsī dìnglǐ | Clausius-Ungleichung [f] | Clausius theorem | thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle | inégalité [f] de Clausius, théorème [m] de Clausius | クラウジウスの定理 | ク↑ラウジウ↓スの↑て↓いり | нера́венство Клаузиуса | |||||||
性能系数 | xìngnéng xìshù | Leistungszahl [f] | coefficient of performance | heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy | coefficient [m] de performance [f] | 成績係数,動作係数 | せ↑いせきけ↓いすう,ど↑うさけ↓いすう | коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния | |||||||
焓 | hán | Enthalpie [f] | enthalpy | internal energy; pressure; volume | enthalpie [f] | エンタルピー | エ↑ンタ↓ルピー | энтальпи́я | |||||||
熵 | shāng | Entropie [f] | entropy | work; energy | entropie [f] | エントロピー | エ↑ントロ↓ピー | энтропи́я | |||||||
状态方程 | zhuàngtài fāngchéng | Zustandsgleichung [f] | equation of state | thermodynamic equation; state function | équation [f] d'état [m] | 状態方程式 | じょ↑うたいほうて↓いしき | уравне́ние состоя́ния | |||||||
自由膨胀 | zìyóu péngzhàng | freie Expansion | free expansion, Joule expansion | irreversible process; volume | détente [f] de Joule Gay-Lussac | 自由膨張 | じ↑ゆうぼ↓うちょう | свобо́дное расшире́ние | |||||||
热力学基本关系 | rèlìxué jīběn guānxi | Fundamentalgleichung [f] der Thermodynamik, Fundamentalrelation [f] der Thermodynamik | fundamental thermodynamic relation | internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume | 熱力学の基本式 | ね↑つりき↓がくのき↑ほ↓んしき | |||||||||
热泵 | rè bèng | Wärmepumpe [f] | heat pump | mechanical energy; mechanical work | pompe [f] à chaleur | ヒートポンプ | ヒ↑ートポ↓ンプ | тепло́вой насо́с | |||||||
热量 | rè liàng | Wärme [f] | heat | energy | chaleur [f] | 熱量 | ね↑つ↓りょう | теплота́ | |||||||
绝热指数 | juérè zhǐshù | Isentropenexponent [m], Adiabatenexponent [m], Wärmekapazitätsverhältnis [n] | heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient | indice [m] adiabatique, coefficient [m] adiabatique, exposant [m] adiabatique, coefficient [m] de Laplace | 比熱比 | ひ↑ねつ↓ひ | показа́тель адиаба́ты | ||||||||
热机 | rè jī | Wärmekraftmaschine [f] | heat engine | mechanical energy; mechanical work | machine [f] thermique | 熱機関 | ねつきかん | теплово́й дви́гатель [м] | |||||||
理想气体 | lǐxiǎng qìtǐ | ideales Gas | ideal gas | point particle | gaz parfait | 理想気体 | り↑そうき↓たい | идеа́льный газ | |||||||
理想气体状态方程 | lǐxiǎng qìtǐ zhuàngtài fāngchéng | thermische Zustandsgleichung idealer Gase, allgemeine Gasgleichung | ideal gas law, general gas equation | equation of state; ideal gas | loi [f] des gaz parfaits, équation [f] des gaz parfaits | 理想気体の状態方程式 | り↑そうき↓たいのじょ↑うたいほうて↓いしき | уравне́ние состоя́ния идеа́льного га́за | |||||||
内能 | nèi néng | innere Energie | internal energy | thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number | énergie interne | 内部エネルギー | な↑いぶエネル↓ギー | вну́тренняя эне́ргия | |||||||
不可逆过程 | bùkěnì guòchéng | irreversibler Prozess | irreversible process | thermodynamic process | processus [m] irréversible | 不可逆過程 | ふ↑かぎゃくか↓てい | необрати́мый проце́сс | |||||||
等熵过程 | děng shāng guòchéng | isentrope Zustandsänderung | isentropic process | adiabatic process; reversible process | processus [m] isentropique | 等エントロピー過程 | と↑うエントロピーか↓てい | Изоэнтропи́йный процесс, изоэнтро́пный процесс, изоэнтропи́ческий процесс, изэнтропи́ческий процесс | |||||||
等焓过程 | děng hán guòchéng | isenthalpe Zustandsänderung | isenthalpic process, isoenthalpic process | thermodynamic process; enthalpy | processus [m] isenthalpique | 等エンタルピー過程 | と↑うエンタルピーか↓てい | изоэнтальпийный проце́сс | |||||||
等压过程 | děngyā guòchéng | isobare Zustandsänderung | isobaric process | thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | processus [m] isobare | 定圧過程,等圧過程 | て↑いあつか↓てい ,と↑うあつか↓てい | изоба́рный проце́сс, изобари́ческий проце́сс | |||||||
等容过程 | děngróng guòchéng | isochore Zustandsänderung | isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process | thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | processus [m] isochore | 定積過程 | て↑いせきか↓てい | изохо́рный проце́сс, изохори́ческий проце́сс | |||||||
孤立系統 | gūlì xìtǒng | abgeschlossenes System, isoliertes System | isolated system | physical system; thermodynamic system | système isolé | 孤立系 | こ↑りつけい | изоли́рованная систе́ма | |||||||
等温过程 | děngwēn guòchéng | isotherme Zustandsänderung | isothermal process | thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory> | processus [m] isotherme | 等温過程 | と↑うおんか↓てい | изотермный процесс, изотермический процесс | |||||||
开尔文温标 | Kāi'ěrwén wēnbiāo | Kelvinskala [f] | Kelvin scale | thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature <metrology> | echelle kelvin | ケルヴィン温度目盛,ケルビン温度目盛 | ケ↓ルヴィンお↑んどめ↓もり,ケ↓ルビンお↑んどめ↓もり | шкала́ Ке́львина | |||||||
能量守恒定律 | néngliàng shǒuhéng dìnglǜ | Energieerhaltungssatz [n] | law of conservation of energy | energy; isolated system | conservation [f] de l'énergie [f] | エネルギー保存の法則,エネルギー保存則 | エ↑ネルギーほぞ↓んのほ↑うそく, エ↑ネルギーほぞ↓んそく | зако́н сохране́ния эне́ргии | |||||||
迈耶关系式 | Màiyē guānxishì | Mayers Beziehung [f] | Mayer's relation | specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant | relation [f] de Mayer | マイヤーの関係式 | マ↓イヤーのか↑んけいし↓き | соотноше́ние Ма́йера, уравне́ние Ма́йера | |||||||
粒子数 | lìzǐ shù | Teilchenzahl [f] | number of particles, particle number | thermodynamic system; particle | nombre [m] de particules | 粒子数 | りゅ↑うし↓すう | коли́чество части́ц | |||||||
永动机 | yǒngdòng jī | Perpetuum [n] mobile | perpetual motion machine | laws of thermodynamics | mouvement perpétuel | 永久機関 | え↑いきゅうき↓かん | ве́чный дви́гатель [м] | |||||||
多方指数 | duōfāng zhǐshù | Polytropenexponent [m] | polytropic index | polytropic process | indice [m] polytropique | ポリトロープ指数 | ポ↑リトロープし↓すう | показа́тель политро́пы | |||||||
多方过程 | duōfāng guòchéng | polytrope Zustandsänderung | polytropic process | thermodynamic process | transformation [f] polytropique | 多方過程 | た↑ほうか↓てい | политро́пный процесс, политропи́ческий процесс | |||||||
过程函数 | guòchéng hánshù | Prozessgröße [f], Vorgangsgröße [f] | process function, path function | thermodynamic process | |||||||||||
准静态过程 | zhǔn jìngtài guòchéng | quasistatischer Prozess, quasistationärer Prozess | quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process | thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium | processus [m] quasi statique | 準静的過程 | じゅ↓んせ↑いてきか↓てい | квазистати́ческий проце́сс | |||||||
实际气体 | shíjì qìtǐ | reales Gas | real gas | ideal gas law | gaz réel | 実在気体 | じ↑つざいき↓たい | реа́льный газ | |||||||
制冷剂,冷媒 | zhìlěng jì, lěng méi | Kältemittel [n] | refrigerant | refrigeration | fluide [m] frigorigène, fluide [m] réfrigérant | 冷媒 | れいばい | холоди́льный аге́нт, хладаге́нт | |||||||
制冷 | zhì lěng | Kühlung [f], Abkühlung [f], Entwärmung [f] | refrigeration | cooling | réfrigération [f] | 冷蔵 | れ↑いぞう | иску́сственное охлажде́ние | |||||||
可逆过程 | kěnì guòchéng | reversibler Prozess | reversible process | thermodynamic process | processus [m] réversible | 可逆過程 | か↑ぎゃくか↓てい | обрати́мый проце́сс | |||||||
逆卡诺循环 | nì Kǎnuò xúnhuán | umgekehrter Carnot-Prozess, umgekehrter Carnot-Zyklus | reversed Carnot cycle | Carnot cycle | cycle [m] de Carnot inversé | 逆カルノーサイクル | ぎゃ↑くカルノーサ↓イクル | обра́тный цикл Карно́ | |||||||
状态函数,态函数 | zhuàngtài hánshù, tài hánshù | Zustandsgröße [f] | state function, function of state, point function | state variable <control theory> | fonction [f] d'état [m] | 状態量 | じょ↑うた↓いりょう | термодинами́ческая фу́нкция состоя́ния | |||||||
斯特灵发动机 | Sītèlíng fādòngjī | Stirlingmotor [m] | Stirling engine | reciprocating engine | moteur [m] Stirling | スターリングエンジン,スターリング機関 | ス↑ターリングエ↓ンジン,ス↑ターリングき↓かん | дви́гатель [м] Сти́рлинга | |||||||
温度 | wēn dù | Temperatur [f] | temperature | température [f] | 温度 | お↓んど | температу́ра | ||||||||
热效率 | rè xiàolǜ | thermischer Wirkungsgrad, Prozesswirkungsgrad [m] | thermal efficiency | thermal energy | rendement [m] | 熱効率 | ね↑つこ↓うりつ | теплова́я эффекти́вность [ж] | |||||||
热能 | rè néng | thermische Energie, Wärmeenergie [f] | thermal energy | enthalpy; heat | énergie [f] thermique | 熱エネルギー | ね↑つエネル↓ギー | теплова́я эне́ргия | |||||||
热力学循环 | rèlìxué xúnhuán | Kreisprozess [m] | thermodynamic cycle | thermodynamic process | cycle [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学サイクル | ね↑つりきがくサ↓イクル | термодинами́ческие ци́клы | |||||||
热力学自由能 | rèlìxué zìyóunéng | thermodynamic free energy | work; thermodynamic system | 自由エネルギー | じ↑ゆうエネル↓ギー | свобо́дная эне́ргия | |||||||||
热动力势能 | rèdònglì shìnéng | thermodynamisches Potential | thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential | scalar | potentiel [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学ポテンシャル | ね↑つりき↓がくポ↑テ↓ンシャル | термодинами́ческие потенциа́лы [м мн] | |||||||
热力学过程 | rèlìxué guòchéng | thermodynamischer Prozess | thermodynamic process | thermodynamic system | processus [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学プロセス,熱力学的過程 | ね↑つりき↓がくプ↑ロ↓セス,ね↑つりき↓がくてきか↑てい | тепло́вой проце́сс | |||||||
热力学状态 | rèlìxué zhuàngtài | Zustand [m] | thermodynamic state | thermodynamic system; time | état [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学的状態 | ね↑つりき↓がくてきじょ↓うたい | термодинами́ческое состоя́ние | |||||||
Guggenheim-Quadrat, Guggenheim-Schema | thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square | conjugate variables <mechanics> | carré [m] thermodynamique de Born | ||||||||||||
热力学系统 | rèlìxué xìtǒng | thermodynamisches System | thermodynamic system | system <system theory>, matter, radiation | système [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学系 | ね↑つりきがくけ↓い | термодинами́ческая систе́ма | |||||||
普适气体常数,理想气体常数,气体常数 | pǔshì qìtī chángshù, lǐxiǎng qìtǐ chángshù, qìtǐ chángshù | allgemeine Gaskonstante, universelle Gaskonstante, Gaskonstante [f] | universal gas constant, ideal gas constant, molar gas constant, gas constant | energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement> | constante universelle des gaz parfaits, constante [f] des gaz parfaits | 普遍気体定数,モル気体定数,気体定数 | ふ↑へんきたいて↓いすう ,モ↓ルき↑たいて↓いすう,き↑たいて↓いすう | универса́льная га́зовая постоя́нная | |||||||
蒸汽 | zhēngqì | Dampf [m] | vapor | liquid; critical point | vapeur [f] | 蒸気 | じょ↓うき | пар | |||||||
蒸汽压缩制冷系统 | zhēngqì yāsuō zhìlěng xìtǒng | Kompressionskältemaschine [f] | vapor-compression refrigeration system | intensive property; phase transition | réfrigérateur [m] à compression [f] de vapeur [f] | 蒸気圧縮冷凍機 | じょうきあっしゅくれいとうき | ||||||||
体积 | tǐjī | Volumen [n] | volume | intensive property | volume [m] | 体積 | た↓いせき | объём | |||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
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传热 | chuán rè | Wärmeübertragung [f], Wärmetransport [m] | heat transfer | transfert [m] thermique | 伝熱 | で↑んねつ | теплопереда́ча | ||||||||
热传导 | rè chuándǎo | Wärmeleitung [f], Wärmediffusion [f], Konduktion [f] | thermal conduction | heat transfer | conduction [f] thermique, diffusion [f] thermique | 熱伝導 | ね↑つで↓んどう | теплопрово́дность | |||||||
热对流 | rè duìliú | Wärmeströmung, Wärmemitführung, Konvektion | thermal convection, convective heat transfer | heat transfer | convection [f] thermique | 熱対流 | ね↑つた↓いりゅう | теплова́я конве́кция | |||||||
热辐射 | rè fúshè | Wärmestrahlung [f] | thermal radiation | electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter | rayonnement [m] thermique | 熱放射 | ね↑つほ↓うしゃ | теплово́е излуче́ние | |||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
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物质状态中的物质 | wùzhì zhuàngtài zhōng de wùzhì | Aggregat [n] im Aggregatzustand | matter in the state of matter | matière [f] à l'état [m] de matière | 物質の状態の物質 | ぶ↑っしつ↓のじ↑ょうたい↓のぶ↑っしつ | мате́рия в состоя́нии мате́рии | ||||||||
气体 | qì tǐ | Gas [n] | gas | state of matter | gaz [m] | 気体 | き↑たい | газ | |||||||
液体 | yè tǐ | Flüssigkeit [f] | liquid | state of matter | liquide [m] | 液体 | え↑きたい | жи́дкость [ж] | |||||||
等离子体 | děnglízǐ tǐ | Plasma [n] | plasma | state of matter; charged particles | plasma [m] | プラズマ | プ↑ラズマ | пла́зма | |||||||
固体 | gù tǐ | Festkörper [m], Feststoff [m] | solid | state of matter | solide [m] | 固体 | こ↑たい | твёрдое те́ло | |||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
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热力学定律 | rèlìxué dìnglǜ | Hauptsatz [m] der Thermodynamik | thermodynamic law | principe [m] de la thermodynamique, loi [f] de la thermodynamique | 熱力学の法則 | ね↑つりき↓がくのほ↑うそ↓く | зако́н термодина́мики | ||||||||
热力学第一定律 | rèlìxué dìyī dìnglǜ | erster Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik | first law of thermodynamics | law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work | premier principe [m] de la thermodynamique, premier loi [f] de la thermodynamique | 熱力学第一法則 | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いいちほ↑うそ↓く | пе́рвый зако́н термодина́мики | |||||||
热力学第二定律 | rèlìxué dì'èr dìnglǜ | zweiter Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik | second law of thermodynamics | entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy | deuxième principe [m] de la thermodynamique, deuxième loi [f] de la thermodynamique | 熱力学第二法則 | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いに↑ほ↓うそく | второ́й зако́н термодина́мики | |||||||
热力学第三定律 | rèlìxué dìsān dìnglǜ | dritter Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik | third law of thermodynamics | entropy; absolute zero | troisième principe [m] de la thermodynamique, troisième loi [f] de la thermodynamique | 熱力学第三法則 | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いさ↑んほ↓うそく | тре́тий зако́н термодина́мики | |||||||
热力学第零定律 | rèlìxué dìlíng dìnglǜ | nullter Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik | zeroth law of thermodynamics | thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium | principe [m] zéro de la thermodynamique | 熱力学第零法則 | ね↑つりき↓がく↑だ↓いれ↑いほ↓うそく | нулево́й зако́н термодина́мики / нулёвой зако́н термодина́мики |
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
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相变,物态变化 | xiàng biàn, wùtài biànhuà | Phasenübergang [m], Phasenumwandlung [f], Phasentransformation [f] | phase transition, phase change | physical change | transition [f] de phase | 相転移 | そうてんい | фа́зовый перехо́д | |||||||
凝结,凝析 | níngjié, níngxī | Kondensation [f] | condensation | phase transition; gas; liquid | condensation [f] | 凝縮 | ぎょ↑うしゅく | конденса́ция | |||||||
凝华 | nínghuá | Desublimation [f], Resublimation [f], Solidifikation [f], Deposition [f] | desublimation, deposition | phase transition; solid; gas | désublimation [f], condensation solide, déposition [f] | 凝華 | ぎょ↓うか | десублима́ция, дпози́ция | |||||||
凝固 | nínggù | Erstarren [n] | freezing | phase transition; solid; liquid | solidification [f] | 凝固 | ぎ↑ょうこ | отвердева́ние, затвердева́ние | |||||||
电离,离子化 | diànlí, lízǐ huà | Ionisation [f] | ionization | phase transition; plasma; gas | ionisation [f] | イオン化,電離 | イ↓オンか,で↑んり | иониза́ция | |||||||
熔化 | rónghuà | Schmelzen [n], Abschmelzen [n] | melting | phase transition; solid; liquid | fusion [f] | 融解 | ゆ↑うかい | плавле́ние | |||||||
升华 | shēnghuá | Sublimation [f] | sublimation | phase transition; solid; gas | sublimation [f] | 昇華 | しょ↑うか | сублима́ция, возго́нка | |||||||
重组 | chóngzǔ | Rekombination [f] | recombination | phase transition; plasma; gas | Recombinaison [f] | 再結合 | さ↑いけ↓つごう | рекомбина́ция | |||||||
汽化 | qìhuà | Verdampfen [n] | vaporization | phase transition; gas; liquid | vaporisation [f] | 気化 | き↓か | парообразова́ние | |||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
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物质状态,物态 | wùzhì zhuàngtài, wù tài | Aggregatzustand [m] | state of matter | état [f] de la matière | 物質の状態 | ぶ↑っしつ↓のじ↑ょうたい | агрега́тное состоя́ние | ||||||||
气态 | qì tài | Gaszustand [m], Gasform [f] | gaseous state | gas | état [m] gazeux | 気体状態 | き↑たいじょ↓うたい | газообра́зное состоя́ние | |||||||
液态 | yè tài | Flüssigzustand [m], flüssiger Zustand | liquid state | liquid | état [m] liquide | 液体状態 | え↑きたいじょ↓うたい | жи́дкое состоя́ние | |||||||
等离子态 | děnglízǐ tài | Plasmazustand [m] | plasma state | plasma | état [m] plasmatique | プラズマ状態 | プ↑ラズマじょ↓うたい | состоя́ние пла́змы | |||||||
固态 | gù tài | Festzustand [m], fester Zustand | solid state | solid | état [m] solide | 固态状態 | こ↑たいじょ↓うたい | твёрдое состоя́ние | |||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc |
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热力学图 | rèlìxué tú | thermodynamischer Diagram | thermodynamic diagram | thermodynamic state | diagramme [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学線図 | ね↑つりき↑がく↑せ↓んず | термодинами́ческая диагра́мма | |||||||
冷却曲线 | lěngquè qūxiàn | Abkühlungskurve [f], Abkühlkurve [f] | cooling curve | courbe [f] de refroidissement [m] | 冷卻曲線 | れ↑いきゃ↓くきょ↑くせん | крива́я охлажде́ния | ||||||||
压焓图,PH图 | yā-hán tú, PH tú | Druck-Enthalpie-Diagramm [n], P-H-Diagram [n] | pressure–enthalpy diagram, P–H diagram | diagramme [m] pression-enthalpie, diagramme [m] P-H | thermodynamic diagram; pressure; enthalpy | 圧力-エンタルピー図,PH線図 | あ↑つ↓りょくーエ↑ンタ↓ルピーず,ピ↑ーエイチせ↓んず | диагра́мма давле́ние-энтальпийно, PH-диагра́мма | |||||||
压容图,PV图 | yā-róng tú, PV tú | Druck-Volumen-Diagramm [n], P-V-Diagramm [n] | pressure–volume diagram, P–V diagram | thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume | diagramme [m] pression-volume, diagramme [m] P-V, diagramme [m] de Clapeyron | 圧力-容積図,PV線図 | あ↑つ↓りょくー↑よ↓うせきず,ピ↑ーブイせ↓んず | диагра́мма давле́ние-объём, PV-диаграмма | |||||||
温熵图,TS图 | wēn-shāng tú, TS tú | Temperatur-Entropie-Diagramm [n], T-S-Diagramm [n] | temperature–entropy diagram, T–S diagram | thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy | diagramme [m] température-entropie, diagramme [m] T-S | 温度-エントロピー図,TS線図 | お↓んどーエ↑ントロピ↓ーず, ティ↑ーエスせ↓んず | диагра́мма температу́рно-энтропи́йная, TS-диаграмма | |||||||
焓熵图,HS图 | hán-shāng tú, HS tú | Entropie-Enthalpie-Diagram [n], H-S-Diagram [n] | enthalpy–entropy diagram, H–S diagram, Mollier diagram | diagramme [m] entropie-enthalpie, diagramme [m] enthalpique, diagramme [m] de Mollier | エンタルピー-エントロピー図,HS線図 | エ↑ンタルピ↓ー-エ↑ントロピ↓ーず,エ↑イチエスせ↓んず | диагра́мма энтальпийно-энтропи́йная, HS-диагра́мма | ||||||||
Statistical Mechanics[edit | edit source]
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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玻尔兹曼输运方程,玻尔兹曼方程 | Bō'ěrzīmàn shūyùn fāngchéng, Bō'ěrzīmàn fāngchéng | Boltzmannsche Transportgleichung [f], Boltzmann-Gleichung [f] | Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation | thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium | équation [f] de transport [m], équation [f] de Boltzmann | ボルツマン方程式 | ボ↑ルツマンほうて↓いしき | кинети́ческое уравне́ние Бо́льцмана, уравне́ние Бо́льцмана | |||||||
自由焓,吉布斯自由能,吉布斯能 | zìyóu hán, Jíbùsī zìyóu néng, Jíbùsī néng | freie Enthalpie, Gibbs-Energie [f] | Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy | thermodynamic potential | enthalpie [f] libre, énergie [f] libre de Gibbs, énergie [f] de Gibbs | 自由エンタルピー,ギ↑ブズエネ↓ルギー | じ↑ゆうエンタ↓ルピー,ギ↑ブズエネ↓ルギー | изобарно-изотермический потенциал, свобо́дная эне́ргия Ги́ббса, эне́ргия Ги́ббса, потенциа́л Ги́ббса | |||||||
巨正则系综 | jù zhèngzé xìzōng | großkanonisches Ensemble | grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble | statistical ensemble | ensemble [m] grand-canonique | 大正準集団 | だ↑いせいじゅんしゅ↓うだん | большо́й канони́ческий анса́мбль | |||||||
大位能,朗道自由能 | dà wèinéng, Lǎngdào zìyóunéng | großkanonische Potential, Landau-Potential [f] | grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy | internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume | グランドポテンシャル | グ↑ランドポテ↓ンシャル | большо́й термодинами́ческий потенциа́л, потенциа́л Ланда́у | ||||||||
亥姆霍兹自由能,亥姆霍兹能 | Hàimǔhuòzī zìyóunéng, Hàimǔhuòzī néng | helmholtzsche freie Energie, Helmholtz-Potential [f], helmholtzsche Energie, Helmholtz-Energie | Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy | isothermal process | énergie [f] libre, énergie [f] de Helmholtz | ヘルムホルツ自由エネルギー | ヘ↑ルムホ↓ルツじ↑ゆうエネル↓ギー | свобо́дная эне́ргия, эне́ргия Гельмго́льца | |||||||
H定理 | H-dìnglǐ | H-Theorem [n] | H-theorem | entropy; ideal gas | théorème [m] H | H定理 | エ↑イチて↓いり | H-теоре́ма | |||||||
气体动理论,分子运动论,分子动理论 | qìtǐ dònglǐlùn, fēnzǐ yùndòng lùn, fēnzǐ dònglǐlùn | kinetische Gastheorie | kinetic theory of gases | gas; particle number | théorie [f] cinétique des gaz [m] | 気体分子運動論,気体運動論,分子運動論 | き↑たいぶんしうんど↓うろん,き↑たいうんど↓うろん,ぶ↑んしうんど↓うろん | молекуля́рно-кинети́ческая тео́рия | |||||||
麦克斯韦关系式 | Màikèsīwéi guānxishì | Maxwell-Beziehungen [f pl], Maxwell-Relationen [f pl] | Maxwell relations | symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential | relations [f pl] de Maxwell | マクスウェルの関係式 | マ↓クスウェルのか↑んけ↓いしき | соотноше́ния Ма́ксвелла | |||||||
自洽场理论,平均场论 | zìqiàchǎng lǐlùn, píngjūnchǎng lùn | Molekularfeldtheorie [f] | self-consistent field theory, mean-field theory | théorie [f] du champ moléculaire | 平均場近似 | へ↑いきんばき↓んじ | тео́рия самосогласо́ванного по́ля, Тео́рия сре́днего по́ля | ||||||||
比焓 | bǐ hán | spezifische Enthalpie | specific enthalpy | enthalpy; mass | enthalpie [f] spécifique | 比エンタルピー | ひ↑エン↓タルピー | уде́льная энтальпи́я | |||||||
热力学极限 | rèlìxué jíxiàn | thermodynamischer Grenzfall, thermodynamischer Limes | thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit | particle number; volume | limite [f] thermodynamique | 熱力学的極限 | ね↑つりきがくてききょ↓くげん | термодинами́ческий преде́л | |||||||
热力学势 | rèlìxué shì | thermodynamisches Potential | thermodynamic potential | thermodynamic state; scalar | potentiel [m] thermodynamique | 熱力学ポテンシャル | ね↑つりきがくポテ↓ンシャル | термодинами́ческие потенциа́лы | |||||||
弗拉索夫方程 | Fúlāsuǒfū fāngchéng | Vlasov-Gleichung [f] | Vlasov equation | differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle | équation de Vlassov | ブラソフ方程式 | ブ↑ラソフほうて↓いしき | уравне́ние Вла́сова | |||||||
Chemical Thermodynamics[edit | edit source]
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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化学势 | huàxué shì | chemisches Potential, chemisches Potenzial | chemical potential | chemical species; energy; phase transition | potentiel [m] chimique | 化学ポテンシャル | か↑がくポテ↓ンシャル | хими́ческий потенциа́л | |||||||
Quantum Thermodynamics[edit | edit source]
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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Equilibrium Thermodynamics[edit | edit source]
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics[edit | edit source]
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
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