Difference between revisions of "Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-20:-Using-the-imperative-mood"

Latest revision as of 02:19, 17 June 2023

◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️

Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood

In this lesson, we will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood in Persian. We will also learn how to express permission and prohibition. The imperative mood is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. It is an important aspect of communication and is commonly used in everyday conversations. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to give commands, express permission and prohibition, and understand imperative sentences in Persian.

The Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

The imperative mood is used to give orders, commands, and instructions. It is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. In Persian, the imperative mood is formed by using the base form of the verb. Unlike other tenses, there is no subject in the imperative mood. The subject is implied and is usually the person or people being addressed.

Forming the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

To form the imperative mood, we use the base form of the verb. The base form of a verb is the form that you would find in a dictionary. For example, the base form of the verb "to eat" is "خوردن" (khordan). To form the imperative mood, we simply remove the infinitive marker "ن" (n) from the base form. The imperative form of "خوردن" (khordan) would be "خور" (khur).

Let's look at some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
خور!	Khor!	Eat!
برو!	Boro!	Go!
بخوان!	Bekhān!	Read!
بنویس!	Benevis!	Write!

As you can see from the examples, the imperative form of the verb is simply the base form without the infinitive marker "ن" (n). The pronouns are not used in the imperative form because the subject is implied and is usually the person or people being addressed.

Using the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

The imperative mood is used in various situations to give commands, instructions, and advice. Here are some examples:

Giving commands: خور! (Khor!) - Eat!
Giving instructions: برو سمت راست! (Boro samt rāst!) - Go to the right!
Giving advice: بخوان کتاب بخوبی! (Bekhān ketāb bekhubi!) - Read the book carefully!
Expressing prohibition: نفس نکش! (Nafas nakosh!) - Don't breathe!

As you can see, the imperative mood is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. It is a straightforward way of giving commands and instructions in Persian.

Politeness in the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

In Persian, the imperative mood can be used in both polite and informal contexts. When speaking to someone of higher social status or someone you want to show respect to, it is common to use the polite form of the imperative mood. The polite form is created by adding the word "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb in the imperative mood.

Here are some examples of the polite form of the imperative mood:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
لطفاً بنویسید!	Lotfan benevisid!	Please write!
لطفاً بخوانید!	Lotfan bekhānid!	Please read!
لطفاً بروید!	Lotfan beravid!	Please go!

As you can see, adding "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb in the imperative mood makes the command or instruction more polite and respectful. It is important to use the polite form when speaking to someone of higher social status or someone you want to show respect to.

Expressing Permission and Prohibition[edit | edit source]

In addition to giving commands and instructions, the imperative mood can also be used to express permission and prohibition. Let's look at how we can do this in Persian.

Expressing Permission[edit | edit source]

To express permission in Persian, we use the imperative form of the verb with the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) before it. "میتوانید" (mitavānid) means "you can" or "you may" and is followed by the imperative form of the verb.

Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
میتوانید بشینید.	Mitavānid beshinid.	You can sit.
میتوانید بیایید.	Mitavānid biyāyid.	You can come.
میتوانید بخوابید.	Mitavānid bexābid.	You can sleep.

As you can see, by using the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) before the imperative form of the verb, we can express permission in Persian. This is a polite way of granting someone permission to do something.

Expressing Prohibition[edit | edit source]

To express prohibition in Persian, we use the negative form of the imperative mood. The negative form is created by adding "ن" (n) before the imperative form of the verb. This creates a command or instruction not to do something.

Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
نبخشید.	Nabhakhshid.	Don't forgive.
نخورید.	Nekhorid.	Don't eat.
نروید.	Naraavid.	Don't go.

As you can see, by adding "ن" (n) before the imperative form of the verb, we can express prohibition in Persian. This is a straightforward way of telling someone not to do something.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood in Persian. We have also learned how to express permission and prohibition. The imperative mood is an important aspect of communication and is commonly used in everyday conversations. By using the base form of the verb, we can form the imperative mood. We have also learned that the imperative mood can be used in both polite and informal contexts. By adding "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb, we can make the command or instruction more polite and respectful. Additionally, we have learned how to express permission and prohibition by using the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) and the negative form of the imperative mood.

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions

Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation

Unit 3: Talking about daily routines

Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns

Unit 5: Persian culture and customs

Unit 6: Food and drink

Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation

Unit 8: Persian literature and arts

Unit 9: Travel and transportation

Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences

Unit 11: Persian history and geography

Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Lesson-19:-Travel-preparations-and-bookings|◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives|Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Iranian-persian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood</div>
+__TOC__
-<div class="pg_page_title">Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood</div>
+In this lesson, we will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood in Persian. We will also learn how to express permission and prohibition. The imperative mood is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. It is an important aspect of communication and is commonly used in everyday conversations. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to give commands, express permission and prohibition, and understand imperative sentences in Persian.
-__TOC__
+== The Imperative Mood ==
-As a Persian language teacher with more than 20 years of experience, I believe that mastering the imperative mood is essential for effective communication in Persian. In this lesson, you will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood and to express permission and prohibition in Persian.
+The imperative mood is used to give orders, commands, and instructions. It is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. In Persian, the imperative mood is formed by using the base form of the verb. Unlike other tenses, there is no subject in the imperative mood. The subject is implied and is usually the person or people being addressed.
-== The imperative mood ==
+=== Forming the Imperative Mood ===
-The imperative mood is used to give commands, orders, requests or advice. It is a very common and useful feature of Persian grammar, and it is marked by the use of the present tense without a subject. Unlike in English, the subject is usually omitted in Persian, and it is implied by the context or the verb form. For example, "Go!" is translated as "بَرو!" (baro!), which is the imperative form of the verb "to go" (رفتن, raftan).
+To form the imperative mood, we use the base form of the verb. The base form of a verb is the form that you would find in a dictionary. For example, the base form of the verb "to eat" is "خوردن" (khordan). To form the imperative mood, we simply remove the infinitive marker "ن" (n) from the base form. The imperative form of "خوردن" (khordan) would be "خور" (khur).
-The imperative mood is formed by taking the stem of the present tense and adding the appropriate endings. Here are the main forms in Persian:
+Let's look at some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Positive !! Negative
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| بِگو! (bigu!) || نَگو! (nagu!)
+| خور! || Khor! || Eat!
 |-
-| بِنَواز! (binavaz!) || نَنَواز! (nanavaz!)
+| برو! || Boro! || Go!
 |-
-| بِخَور! (bixor!) || نَخور! (naxor!)
+| بخوان! || Bekhān! || Read!
 |-
-| colspan="2" | Note: To form the negative imperative, the word نَ (na) is added before the stem of the present tense verb.
+| بنویس! || Benevis! || Write!
 |}
-Notice that the endings of the imperative mood are different for the second person singular (you) and second person plural (you-all), but they are the same for the first and third persons. Also, the negative imperative is formed by adding the word "na" (نَ) before the stem of the verb.
+As you can see from the examples, the imperative form of the verb is simply the base form without the infinitive marker "ن" (n). The pronouns are not used in the imperative form because the subject is implied and is usually the person or people being addressed.
+=== Using the Imperative Mood ===
-Here are some examples of the imperative mood in use:
+The imperative mood is used in various situations to give commands, instructions, and advice. Here are some examples:
-* بِگو! (bigu!) - Speak!
+* Giving commands: خور! (Khor!) - Eat!
-* بیا! (biya!) - Come!
+* Giving instructions: برو سمت راست! (Boro samt rāst!) - Go to the right!
-* بِشین! (beshin!) - Sit!
+* Giving advice: بخوان کتاب بخوبی! (Bekhān ketāb bekhubi!) - Read the book carefully!
-* نَگو! (nagu!) - Don't say!
+* Expressing prohibition: نفس نکش! (Nafas nakosh!) - Don't breathe!
-* نَباش! (nabash!) - Don't be!
-* نِخور! (nikhor!) - Don't eat!
-Note that the second person verb ending in the negative imperative is -n, which is added before the stem of the present tense verb.
+As you can see, the imperative mood is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. It is a straightforward way of giving commands and instructions in Persian.
-== Expressing permission and prohibition ==
+=== Politeness in the Imperative Mood ===
-In Persian, permission and prohibition are usually expressed by using the verbs خواستن (khastan) and نَخواستن (naxastan), respectively. To indicate permission, the verb خواستن is used in the infinitive form, followed by the verb in the present tense. To indicate prohibition, the verb نَخواستن is used in the infinitive form, followed by the verb in the negative imperative.
+In Persian, the imperative mood can be used in both polite and informal contexts. When speaking to someone of higher social status or someone you want to show respect to, it is common to use the polite form of the imperative mood. The polite form is created by adding the word "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb in the imperative mood.
-For example:
+Here are some examples of the polite form of the imperative mood:
-* می‌تونی بری. (mituni beri.) - You can go.
+{| class="wikitable"
-* نَمی‌تونی بری. (namituni bari.) - You can't go.
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
-* می‌شه بری؟ (mishe bari?) - May I go?
+|-
-* نَمی‌شه بری. (namishe bari.) - You may not go.
+| لطفاً بنویسید! || Lotfan benevisid! || Please write!
+|-
+| لطفاً بخوانید! || Lotfan bekhānid! || Please read!
+|-
+| لطفاً بروید! || Lotfan beravid! || Please go!
+|}
-Here are some examples with the verb نَخواستن (naxastan):
+As you can see, adding "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb in the imperative mood makes the command or instruction more polite and respectful. It is important to use the polite form when speaking to someone of higher social status or someone you want to show respect to.
-* نَخواه اینجا بیای. (nakhah injā biāy.) - Don't come here.
+== Expressing Permission and Prohibition ==
-* نَباید اینو بخری. (nabāyad ino bexari.) - You shouldn't buy this.
-* نَگذار من برم. (nagzar man beram.) - Don't let me go.
-And here are some examples with the verb خواستن (khastan):
+In addition to giving commands and instructions, the imperative mood can also be used to express permission and prohibition. Let's look at how we can do this in Persian.
-* می‌خواهی چی برای ناهار بخرم؟ (mikhāhi chi barāye nāhār bexaram?) - What do you want me to buy for lunch?
+=== Expressing Permission ===
-* می‌توانید برای مدت کوتاهی منتظر بمانید. (mitavānid barāye moddat-e kutāhi montazar bemanid.) - You may wait for a short time.
-* خودتان وارد شوید. (khodetān vāred shavid.) - You can enter yourself.
-=== Vocabulary ===
+To express permission in Persian, we use the imperative form of the verb with the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) before it. "میتوانید" (mitavānid) means "you can" or "you may" and is followed by the imperative form of the verb.
-Here are some imperative expressions you might find useful in everyday situations:
+Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Persian !! Transliteration !! English
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| بیا! || biyā! || Come!
+| میتوانید بشینید. || Mitavānid beshinid. || You can sit.
 |-
-| بِرو! || bero! || Go!
+| میتوانید بیایید. || Mitavānid biyāyid. || You can come.
 |-
-| بِشین! || beshin! || Sit!
+| میتوانید بخوابید. || Mitavānid bexābid. || You can sleep.
-|-
+|}
-| بِرِیز! || beriz! || Pour!
-|-
+As you can see, by using the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) before the imperative form of the verb, we can express permission in Persian. This is a polite way of granting someone permission to do something.
-| بِخُور! || bixor! || Eat!
-|-
+=== Expressing Prohibition ===
-| بِنواز! || binavaz! || Play (an instrument)!
-|-
+To express prohibition in Persian, we use the negative form of the imperative mood. The negative form is created by adding "ن" (n) before the imperative form of the verb. This creates a command or instruction not to do something.
-| نمی‌دانم! || nemidānam! || I don't know!
+Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| قول می‌دهم. || ghool midaham. || I promise.
+| نبخشید. || Nabhakhshid. || Don't forgive.
 |-
-| بَگو! || bəgu! || Say (it)!
+| نخورید. || Nekhorid. || Don't eat.
 |-
-| بِیا که نَداریم وقت! || biyā ke nadārim vaght! || Hurry up!
+| نروید. || Naraavid. || Don't go.
 |}
-== Conclusion ==
+As you can see, by adding "ن" (n) before the imperative form of the verb, we can express prohibition in Persian. This is a straightforward way of telling someone not to do something.
-In this lesson, we have covered the imperative mood and its use in giving commands, instructions and advice in Persian, as well as how to express permission and prohibition. Remember that the imperative form of the verb is used without a subject, and that the negative imperative is formed by adding "na" before the stem of the verb. Practice using these expressions by giving commands and instructions to others, and pay attention to how native speakers use them in everyday situations.
-Sources:
+== Summary ==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar Persian Grammar]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language Persian Language]
-{{#seo:
+In this lesson, we have learned how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood in Persian. We have also learned how to express permission and prohibition. The imperative mood is an important aspect of communication and is commonly used in everyday conversations. By using the base form of the verb, we can form the imperative mood. We have also learned that the imperative mood can be used in both polite and informal contexts. By adding "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb, we can make the command or instruction more polite and respectful. Additionally, we have learned how to express permission and prohibition by using the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) and the negative form of the imperative mood.
-|title=Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood
-|keywords=Persian imperative mood, Persian Grammar, Persian Language, Persian vocabulary, Persian expressions
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood and to express permission and prohibition in Persian.
-}}
 {{Iranian-persian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 110: / Line 118: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Iranian-persian-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
-==Related Lessons==
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
@@ Line 123: / Line 135: @@
 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives|Lesson 21: Using infinitives]]
 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
 {{Iranian-persian-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Lesson-19:-Travel-preparations-and-bookings|◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives|Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>