Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Compound-Prepositions-and-Postpositions
| ◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Basic Nature Vocabulary ▶️ |
In the previous lesson, we discussed the basics of prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh. In this lesson, we will dive deeper and explore compound prepositions and postpositions and their usage in complex sentences.
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Stress and Intonation & Nominative Case.
Compound Prepositions
Compound prepositions are created by combining two or more words to form a single preposition. They are used to convey more specific meanings and are commonly used in complex sentence structures. Here are some examples:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| қарама-қаршы | qarama-qarshy | opposite to |
| бойынша | boiynsha | about, concerning |
| арқылы | arqyly | through, by means of |
| бірге | birge | together with |
| қарсыласа | qarsylasa | in spite of |
| астында | astynda | under, beneath |
| жанында | zhaninda | next to, beside |
Note that there are no specific rules for creating compound prepositions. They are formed based on common usage and convention.
Compound Postpositions
Compound postpositions are formed in the same way as compound prepositions, but they come after the noun or pronoun they modify. Here are some examples:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ішінде | ishinde | inside |
| туралы | turaly | about, concerning |
| бойынша | boiynsha | according to |
| арқылы | arqyly | behind |
| шешесінше | sheshesinshe | as soon as |
| дейін | deyin | until, up to |
| жайына | zhaiyna | next to, beside |
Again, there are no specific rules for forming compound postpositions. They are formed based on common usage and convention.
Usage in Complex Sentences
Compound prepositions and postpositions are commonly used in complex sentence structures in Kazakh. Here are some examples:
- Осы жерде қарама-қаршы қоршамай жүрдік. (Osı jerde qarama-qarshy qorshamay jyrdik.) - We walked without looking opposite to this place.
- Олар тағы бір-бірімен бірге уақыт өтірді. (Olar taghy bir-birimn birge uaqty otirdi.) - They spent time together again.
- Нақты өткенімен біз сабаққа келмегеніміз күні тәртіпке келмейді. (Naqty atkemyzmen biz sabaqqa kelmehenimiz kuny tertypke kelmedі.) - We don't go according to schedule if we aren't on time.
- Бекітемінің арқылы мен өлеңдер туралы толық ақпарат алғанмыз. (Bekitemіnіng arqyly men oleNder turaly tolyq aqparat alghanmyz.) - Through Bekitemin, we learned complete information about funerals.
As you can see from the examples, compound prepositions and postpositions are used to convey more specific meanings in complex sentence structures. It is important to master their usage in order to communicate effectively in Kazakh.
Summary
In this lesson, we explored compound prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh and their usage in complex sentences. We learned that compound prepositions are formed by combining two or more words to form a single preposition, while compound postpositions come after the noun or pronoun they modify. We also saw some examples of their usage in complex sentence structures. It is important to practice these concepts in order to effectively communicate in Kazakh.
Sources
Other Lessons
- How to Use Be
- Attributive and Predicative Adjectives
- Adjectives
- Modal Adverbs
- Comparative and Superlative Degrees
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Nouns
- Stress and Intonation
- Pronouns
| ◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Basic Nature Vocabulary ▶️ |