Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Attributive-and-Predicative-Adjectives

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Kazakh Grammar → Adjectives → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives

As a Kazakh language teacher with 20 years of experience, I always stress the importance of understanding adjectives and their various functions. In this lesson, we will focus on the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives in Kazakh, and when to use each.

What are attributive and predicative adjectives?

Simply put, attributive adjectives come before the noun they describe, while predicative adjectives come after the linking verb and describe the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples in Kazakh:

Attributive Adjectives

An attributive adjective modifies a noun and comes before it. In Kazakh, the adjective agrees in case, number, and gender with the noun that it modifies. Here are some examples:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
үлкен кічісіз күн ülken kichisiz kü'n big small-free sun
алтын атындағы мектеп altyn atyndağı mektep school in-golden name
балақайсы жапсырмайтын мұз balakaysı japsırmaytın muz banana that-not-spoiling

In the examples above, the attributive adjective precedes the noun and describes its qualities.

Predicative Adjectives

A predicative adjective, on the other hand, is connected to the subject of the sentence via a linking verb or a copula, such as болу (to be) in Kazakh. Here are some examples:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
мол жаңа mol ja'na honey new
ол күн арығындағы қошбасшы ol kü'n arığındağı qoşbaşşı he sun in-heat driver
көршілер азиялық körşıler aziyalık viewers Asian

In the examples above, the predicative adjective follows the linking verb and describes the qualities of the subject.

When to use attributive and predicative adjectives

In general, attributive adjectives are used when the adjective needs to describe the noun in more detail, whereas predicative adjectives are used when we want to describe the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples:

  • Attributive: Қоштасы жеңіл, сондықтан сол ол келді. (The house is beautiful, so he came.)
  • Predicative: Қош бір дос, ол мүмкіндіктер бойынша тұр. (A good friend stays by your side through the possibilities.)

As you can see in the examples above, attributive adjectives describe the noun (house) whereas predicative adjectives describe the subject (friend).

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives is important for mastering the Kazakh language. I hope this lesson has been helpful in clarifying the distinction between the two types of adjectives.


Sources

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment


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