Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics

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cmn-Hans-CN: 科目	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: kēmù	deu-Latn-DE: Fach [n]	eng-Latn-US: subject	fra-Latn-FR: matière [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 科目	jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑もく	rus-Cyrl-RU: предме́т

经典热力学	jīngdiǎn rèlìxué	klassische Thermodynamik	classical thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] classique	古典熱力学	こ↑てんねつりき↓がく	класси́ческая термодина́мика
统计力学	tǒngjì lìxué	statistische Mechanik	statistical mechanics	physique [f] statistique	統計力学	と↑うけいりき↓がく	статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика
化学热力学	huàxué rèlìxué	chemische Thermodynamik	chemical thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] chimique	化学熱力学	か↑がくねつりき↓がく	хими́ческая термодина́мика
量子热力学	liàngzǐ rèlìxué	Quantenthermodynamik [f]	quantum thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] quantique	量子熱力学	りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく	ква́нтовой термодина́мики
非平衡态热力学	fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué	Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f]	non-equilibrium thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre	非平衡熱力学	ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく	неравнове́сная термодина́мика

Main

Classical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc

						absolute zero	temperature; particle
						absorption refrigerator	refrigeration
						adiabatic process	thermodynamic process
						Antoine equation	temperature; vapor pressure
						Bridgman's thermodynamic equations	internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
						Carnot heat engine	Carnot cycle; heat engine
						Carnot cycle	thermodynamic cycle
						Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule	heat engine
						Clausius theorem	thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle
						closed system	physical system; thermodynamic system
						coefficient of performance	heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy
						conjugate variables
						enthalpy	internal energy; pressure; volume
						entropy	work <mechanics>; energy
						equation of state	thermodynamic equation; state variable
						free expansion, Joule expansion	irreversible process; volume
						fundamental thermodynamic relation	internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
						gas constant	energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
						heat pump	mechanical energy; mechanical work
						heat	energy
						heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient
						heat engine	mechanical energy; mechanical work
						ideal gas	point particle
						ideal gas law, general gas equation	equation of state; ideal gas
						internal energy	thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
						irreversible process	thermodynamic process
						isentropic process	adiabatic process; reversible process
						isenthalpic process	thermodynamic process; enthalpy
						isobaric process	thermodynamic process; closed system
						isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process	thermodynamic process; closed system
						isolated system	physical system; thermodynamic system
						isothermal process	thermodynamic process; closed system
						Kelvin scale	thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
						law of conservation of energy	energy; isolated system
						Mayer's relation	specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
						particle number, number of particles	thermodynamic system; particle
						perpetual motion machine	laws of thermodynamics
						polytropic index	polytropic process
						polytropic process	thermodynamic process
						pressure–volume diagram	thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
						process function, path function	thermodynamic process
						quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process	thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
						real gas	ideal gas law
						refrigerant	refrigeration
						refrigeration	cooling
						reversible process	thermodynamic process
						reversed Carnot cycle	Carnot cycle
						scale of temperature	temperature
						state function, function of state, point function	state variable <control theory>
						Stirling engine	reciprocating engine
						temperature
						temperature–entropy diagram	thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
						thermal conduction	heat transfer
						thermal convection, convective heat transfer	heat transfer
						thermal efficiency	thermal energy
						thermal energy	enthalpy; heat
						thermal radiation	electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
						thermodynamic cycle	thermodynamic process
						thermodynamic diagram	thermodynamic state
						thermodynamic free energy	work; thermodynamic system
						thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential	scalar
						thermodynamic process	thermodynamic system
						thermodynamic state	thermodynamic system; time
						thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square	conjugate variables
						thermodynamic system
						thermodynamic temperature	temperature
						vapor-compression refrigeration	intensive property; phase transition
						volume	intensive property


cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
thermodynamic law

	first law of thermodynamics	law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
	second law of thermodynamics	entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
	third law of thermodynamics	entropy; absolute zero
	zeroth law of thermodynamics	thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium

phase transition
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
						phase transition	physical change

						condensation	phase transition; gas; liquid
						deposition	phase transition; solid; gas
						freezing	phase transition; solid; liquid
						ionization	phase transition; plasma; gas
						melting	phase transition; solid; liquid
						sublimation	phase transition; solid; gas
						recombination	phase transition; plasma; gas
						vaporization	phase transition; gas; liquid

state of matter
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
						state of matter

						gas	state of matter
						liquid	state of matter
						plasma	state of matter; charged particles
						solid	state of matter
						vapor	liquid; critical point

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

						Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation	thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
						Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy	thermodynamic potential
						grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble	statistical ensemble
						grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy	internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
						Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy	isothermal process
						H-theorem	entropy; ideal gas
						kinetic theory of gases	gas; particle number
						Landau free energy, Landau potential
						Maxwell relations	symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
						mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory
						specific enthalpy	enthalpy; mass
						thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit	particle number; volume
						thermodynamic potential	thermodynamic state; scalar
						Vlasov equation	differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle

Chemical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

						chemical potential	chemical species; energy; phase transition

Quantum Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Appendix

Sentence

cmn-Hans-CN: 语句	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: sentence	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ↑んしょ↓う	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Symbol

Classical Thermodynamics

symbol	eng-Latn-US: meaning	jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味

C	heat capacity
C_p	isobaric heat capacity
C_Vx	isobaric heat capacity
d, Δ	change
H	enthalpy
I	thermal intensity
L	specific latent heat
M	molar mass
m	mass
N	particle number
N_A	Avogadro constant
n	mole number
P, p	pressure
p	volumetric mass density; thermal conduction rate
Q	heat
Q_L	latent heat
q	vapor quality
q	heat flux density
R	gas constant
S	entropy
T	thermodynamic temperature
U	internal energy
V	volume
W	work
α	coefficient of thermal expansion
β	compressibility
ρ	density
γ, κ	heat capacity ratio	x
δ	infinitesimal change
Φ	Massieu potential
Ξ	Planck potential
ν	specific volume

Statistical Mechanics

symbol	cmn-Hans-CN: 含义	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì	deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]	eng-Latn-US: meaning	fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味	jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み	rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние

A, F				Helmholtz free energy
c_p				specific heat capacity
G				Gibbs free energy
k_B				Boltzmann constant
Φ_G, Ω				grand potential

Chemical Thermodynamics

symbol	cmn-Hans-CN: 含义	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì	deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]	eng-Latn-US: meaning	fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味	jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み	rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние

Q_r				reaction quotient
a				thermodynamic activity
μ				chemical potential

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 过程	cmn-Hans-CN: 构件	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn	deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m]	eng-Latn-US: process	eng-Latn-US: constituent	fra-Latn-FR: procès [m]	fra-Latn-FR: composant [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程	jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材	jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい	jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↓うざい	rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс	rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть

						calculation of Gibbs free energy	Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
						calculation of Helmholtz free energy	Helmholtz free energy; internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy