Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Dative-Case

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Kazakh Grammar → Kazakh Cases → Dative Case

The dative case in Kazakh is used to indicate indirection or indirect objects. This lesson will teach you how to use the dative case in prepositional phrases and indirect objects.

Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Future Tense & Possessive Adjectives.

Formation

To form a noun in the dative case in Kazakh, you generally add the suffix "-ға/-ге" (-gha/ge) to the end of the noun. The choice between -ста/-сте or -да/-де is based on the final sound of the word the case is used with. The basic rule is that if the singular ends in a vowel, -да/-де is used while if it ends in a consonant, -ға/-ге is used instead. For example:

Kazakh	Pronunciation	English
қала	qala	city/town
қалада	qalada	in the city/town
кітап	kitap	book
кітапға	kitapgha	to the book
бала	bala	child
балада	balada	near the child

- When dealing with compound nouns, such as "[subject pronoun] менің", only the last noun requires the dative form. For example, "Сен менің қаһарманымға бар" (sen menin qaharmanyңgha bar) translates to "You go to my farm". - When using pronouns, replace the indirect object with the appropriate pronoun. For instance, if you were to say "I gave him the money", you would replace the indirect object with the appropriate pronoun to say "Мен оған ақшаны бердім" (men oghan aqshanı berdim).

Usage

The dative case is used in many different ways in Kazakh. Here are a few common examples:

Indirect Objects

The most common use of the dative case in Kazakh is to indicate the indirect object of a sentence, which is a person or thing that is affected by the action indirectly. In Kazakh, the indirect object is typically placed before the verb. For example:

- Мен сізге сұрақ қоятиншымын. (Men sizge suғaq goyatınshymın.) - I am a question asker to you.

Prepositional Phrases

The dative case is also often used in prepositional phrases to indicate the location or destination of an action. Common prepositions that take the dative case in Kazakh include:

- барып (gharau, barau) - to go - келіп (kelip) - to come - тұрып (tury, turyp) - to stay - жүріп (jüru, jürip) - to walk

For example:

- Мен банкқа қарақат қылдым. (Men bankқa qaraqat qyldym.) - I went to the bank. - Олды домбырада тұрды. (Oldy dombyrada turydy.) - He stayed at the Dombyra.

Possession

The dative case can also be used to show possession. In this case, the dative noun would usually be paired with a form of the verb "бар" (to have) or "жоқ" (to not have). For example:

- Осылайсыздан осы грамматикалық мәселелерде менің опытым бар. (Osylaysyzdan osy grammaticalıқ meselelerde menin opytym bar.) - I have experience in these grammatical issues.

Exceptions

While the dative case is quite regular in Kazakh, there are some exceptions:

- Some masculine nouns use the suffix "-қа/-ке" (-qа/ke) instead of "-ға/-ге" (-gha/ge). - The word "ата" (father) takes the dative suffix "-ға/-ге" (-gha/ge) instead of "-қа/-ке" (-qа/ke).

Exercises

Now that you have learned the basics of the dative case in Kazakh, try these exercises to reinforce your knowledge:

Translate the following sentence into Kazakh: "I am giving the book to him."
Translate the following sentence into Kazakh: "She is going to the store."
Translate the following sentence into Kazakh: "We have a dog."

Sources

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1

Course Presentation

Kazakh Pronunciation

Greetings and Basic Expressions

Kazakh Cases

Food and Drink

Verbs

Traditions and Customs

Family and Relationships

Adjectives

Traveling and Directions

Pronouns

Shopping and Consumerism

Art and Literature

Adverbs

Health and Medical Emergencies

Sports and Recreation

Prepositions and Postpositions

Nature and Environment

Other Lessons

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