Language/Georgian/Grammar/Cases-of-Verbal-Persons-in-Transitive-Verbs

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Cases of Verbal Persons in Transitive Verbs in Georgian

Two-personal transitives

Present Tense  (I Series)  ქალი სურათს ხატავს 
Subject: nominative 
Direct object: dative 
Past/Aorist Tense  (II Series)  ქალმა სურათი დახატა 
Subject: ergative 
Direct object: nominative 
Past Unreal Tense  (III Series)  ქალს სურათი დაუხატავს 
Subject: dative 
Direct object: nominative

Three-personal transitives

Present Tense  (I Series)  ქალი დედას სურათს უხატავს 
Subject: nominative 
Direct object: dative
Indirect object: dative
Past/Aorist Tense  (II Series)  ქალმა დედას სურათი დაუხატა 
Subject: ergative 
Direct object: nominative
Indirect object: dative 
Past Unreal Tense  (III Series)  ქალს დედისთვის სურათი დაუხატავს 
Subject: dative 
Direct object: nominative 

The indirect object is outside of verbal morphology and is indicated by the postposition “-თვის” (“for”). Therefore in this tense the verb becomes two-personal.


Sources

http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf

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