Language/Georgian/Grammar/Cases-of-Verbal-Persons-in-Transitive-Verbs
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Cases of Verbal Persons in Transitive Verbs in Georgian
Two-personal transitives
| Present Tense | (I Series) | ქალი სურათს ხატავს |
| Subject: nominative | ||
| Direct object: dative | ||
| Past/Aorist Tense | (II Series) | ქალმა სურათი დახატა |
| Subject: ergative | ||
| Direct object: nominative | ||
| Past Unreal Tense | (III Series) | ქალს სურათი დაუხატავს |
| Subject: dative | ||
| Direct object: nominative |
Three-personal transitives
| Present Tense | (I Series) | ქალი დედას სურათს უხატავს |
| Subject: nominative | ||
| Direct object: dative | ||
| Indirect object: dative | ||
| Past/Aorist Tense | (II Series) | ქალმა დედას სურათი დაუხატა |
| Subject: ergative | ||
| Direct object: nominative | ||
| Indirect object: dative | ||
| Past Unreal Tense | (III Series) | ქალს დედისთვის სურათი დაუხატავს |
| Subject: dative | ||
| Direct object: nominative |
The indirect object is outside of verbal morphology and is indicated by the postposition “-თვის” (“for”). Therefore in this tense the verb becomes two-personal.
Sources
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf