Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adjectives

Georgian Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Georgian learners! 😊

In this lesson, we will focus on one of the most important parts of speech in Georgian - adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe and give more information about nouns. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use adjectives in Georgian.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: The Conjugation System, Future Tense, Adverbs produced from Adjectives & The postposition of the Adverbial.

What are Adjectives?

Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns. They provide more information about the noun such as its size, color, shape, origin, and material. For example, in the sentence "The red car," "red" is the adjective describing the noun "car." In Georgian, adjectives usually come after the nouns they describe.

Adjective Agreement

In Georgian, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number, and case.

Gender Agreement

Just like nouns, adjectives in Georgian have gender. The gender is usually determined by the noun that it describes. If the noun is masculine, the adjective will also be masculine. If the noun is feminine, the adjective will also be feminine. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
კაცი ტკბილია	katsi tkbilia	The man is brave (masculine noun and adjective)
ქალი დიდია	kali didia	The woman is big (feminine noun and adjective)

Number Agreement

Adjectives in Georgian also agree in number with the noun they describe. If the noun is singular, the adjective will be singular, and if the noun is plural, the adjective will be plural. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
კაცები ტკბილიან	kats'ebi tkbilian	The men are brave (plural noun and adjective)
ქალები დიდიან	kalebi didian	The women are big (plural noun and adjective)

Case Agreement

In Georgian, adjectives also agree with the case of the noun they describe. There are six cases in Georgian, so the form of the adjective can change according to the case. The most common cases are the nominative, genitive, and dative. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
ტკბილი კაცი	tkbili katsi	Brave man (nominative case)
ტკბილის კაცის	tkbilis katsis	Brave man's (genitive case)
ტკბილს კაცს	tkbils kats'is	To the brave man (dative case)

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In Georgian, comparative and superlative adjectives can be formed using specific endings. The comparative form is used to compare two things, while the superlative form is used to compare three or more things. Here are some comparative and superlative forms:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
მაგარი	magari	good
უფრო მაგარი	upro magari	better (comparative)
ყველაზე მაგარი	qvelaz magari	the best (superlative)

Usage of Adjectives

Here are some common adjectives that you can use to accurately describe objects, places, or people:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
გრძედი	grdzedi	tall
მალე	male	late
მაღალი	maghali	high
მძიმე	mdime	thick
თბილი	tbili	soft
ჩაყლისწინებული	chaylsits'inebuli	excited

Let's practice using these adjectives in a dialogue:

• Person 1: გამარჯობა! შენი ბავშვი როგორია? (Gamjarjoba! Shen-i bavshv-i rogor-ia? - Hello! How is your child?)
• Person 2: იგი გრძედია და მალე მოვიდა სკოლაში. (Igi grdzedi-a da male move-d-a skolashi - He is tall and came late to school.)
• Person 1: მაგრამ მაღალი მას სამსახურში კარგად გავაკეთა. (Magram maghali mas samsakhurshi kargad gavaket-a - But he did a good job at work high.)
• Person 2: სამსახურში საკმარისი ხელს დამატავით მძიმეს და თბილს ხელს. (Samsakhurshi sakmarisi khels damatavi-t mdimes da tbils khels - He added enough force to his hands at work, both thick and soft.)

Remember that practice makes perfect. Don't be afraid to use these adjectives in everyday conversations.

As always, to further improve your skills in the Georgian language, you can use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

👏 Well done! You have completed the lesson on Georgian adjectives. Keep up the fantastic work!

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➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons

• The Genitive Case
• Derivation
• Infection of noun endings on vowels
• Inflection of adjectives with nouns
• Pronouns
• Medio actives Verbs
• Types of Verbs
• Gender
• Conditional Mood
• The Ergative Case

Sources

• Georgian Grammar, Introduction to Lexical Categories
• Georgian grammar - Wikipedia