Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions

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Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Prepositions

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Basic Prepositions in Dari! Prepositions are essential elements of any language, serving as the glue that holds sentences together. They help us express relationships between words, particularly in terms of location, time, and direction. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly in Dari.

In this lesson, we will explore:

The significance of prepositions in Dari

A selection of common Dari prepositions

Their meanings and uses in sentences

Practical exercises to reinforce your learning

By the end of this lesson, you should feel more comfortable using basic prepositions in Dari, which will be a foundational skill as you continue your journey to becoming proficient in the language.

Importance of Prepositions in Dari

Prepositions play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences. In Dari, they help you describe:

Where something is located (e.g., "on the table")

When something happens (e.g., "at noon")

How to move from one place to another (e.g., "towards the school")

Without the appropriate use of prepositions, your sentences may lack clarity and precision. So, let's dive into some of the most common prepositions in Dari!

Common Dari Prepositions

Here’s a list of some basic prepositions you will encounter frequently in Dari, along with their meanings:

Dari	Pronunciation	English Translation
در	dar	in
بر	bar	on
زیر	zīr	under
بالای	bālāy	above
نزدیک	nazdīk	near
دور	dūr	far
با	bā	with
بدون	bedūn	without
به	beh	to
از	az	from
قبل از	qabl az	before
بعد از	ba'd az	after
در کنار	dar kanār	beside
از طرف	az taraf	from the side of
در داخل	dar dākhel	inside
در خارج	dar khārej	outside
به سمت	beh samt	towards
به خاطر	beh khāter	because of
برای	barāy	for
در مقابل	dar muqābil	in front of
در طی	dar tay	during

Using Prepositions in Sentences

Now that we've covered some common prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their context is crucial for effective communication. Below are 20 examples that illustrate the use of these prepositions:

1. در (in)

Dari: کتاب در میز است.

Pronunciation: kitāb dar mīz ast.

English: The book is on the table.

2. بر (on)

Dari: گلابی بر درخت است.

Pronunciation: golābī bar derakht ast.

English: The pear is on the tree.

3. زیر (under)

Dari: گربه زیر میز خوابیده است.

Pronunciation: gorbeh zīr mīz khwābīde ast.

English: The cat is sleeping under the table.

4. بالای (above)

Dari: پرنده بالای درخت پرواز می‌کند.

Pronunciation: parande bālāy derakht parvāz mikonad.

English: The bird flies above the tree.

5. نزدیک (near)

Dari: خانه من نزدیک بازار است.

Pronunciation: khāneh man nazdīk bāzār ast.

English: My house is near the market.

6. دور (far)

Dari: کتابخانه دور از اینجا است.

Pronunciation: ketābkhāneh dūr az injā ast.

English: The library is far from here.

7. با (with)

Dari: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم.

Pronunciation: man bā dūstān-am beh sīnemā miravām.

English: I go to the cinema with my friends.

8. بدون (without)

Dari: او بدون کلاه بیرون نرفت.

Pronunciation: ū bedūn kolāh bīrūn narift.

English: He didn't go outside without a hat.

9. به (to)

Dari: من به مدرسه می‌روم.

Pronunciation: man beh madrase miravām.

English: I am going to school.

10. از (from)

Dari: من از افغانستان هستم.

Pronunciation: man az Afghānistān hastam.

English: I am from Afghanistan.

11. قبل از (before)

Dari: قبل از خواب، کتاب می‌خوانم.

Pronunciation: qabl az khwāb, kitāb mīkhānām.

English: I read a book before sleeping.

12. بعد از (after)

Dari: بعد از کار، استراحت می‌کنم.

Pronunciation: ba'd az kār, estirāhat mikonam.

English: I rest after work.

13. در کنار (beside)

Dari: او در کنار من نشسته است.

Pronunciation: ū dar kanār man neshastah ast.

English: He is sitting beside me.

14. از طرف (from the side of)

Dari: نامه از طرف دوست من است.

Pronunciation: nāmeh az taraf dūst-e man ast.

English: The letter is from my friend.

15. در داخل (inside)

Dari: بچه‌ها در داخل خانه بازی می‌کنند.

Pronunciation: bachahā dar dākhel khāneh bāzī mikonand.

English: The children are playing inside the house.

16. در خارج (outside)

Dari: من در خارج از کشور زندگی می‌کنم.

Pronunciation: man dar khārej az keshvar zindagī mikonam.

English: I live outside the country.

17. به سمت (towards)

Dari: او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.

Pronunciation: ū beh samt darvāze miravad.

English: He is going towards the gate.

18. به خاطر (because of)

Dari: من به خاطر باران بیرون نمی‌روم.

Pronunciation: man beh khāter bārān bīrūn namiravām.

English: I am not going outside because of the rain.

19. برای (for)

Dari: این هدیه برای توست.

Pronunciation: in hadīye barāy tōst.

English: This gift is for you.

20. در مقابل (in front of)

Dari: ماشین در مقابل خانه پارک است.

Pronunciation: māshīn dar muqābil khāneh pārk ast.

English: The car is parked in front of the house.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios

To practice what you've learned, here are 10 exercises for you to complete. After each exercise, you will find the answers and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition from the list: در, بر, زیر, بالای, نزدیک.

1. کتاب ______ میز است.

2. گربه ______ درخت خوابیده است.

3. پرنده ______ آسمان پرواز می‌کند.

4. خانه من ______ بازار است.

5. سیب ______ درخت است.

Answers to Exercise 1

1. در (The book is on the table.)

2. زیر (The cat is sleeping under the tree.)

3. بالای (The bird flies above the sky.)

4. نزدیک (My house is near the market.)

5. بر (The apple is on the tree.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the correct prepositions.

1. I go to school.

2. The cat is under the table.

3. My house is far from here.

4. The letter is from my friend.

5. I read a book before sleeping.

Answers to Exercise 2

1. من به مدرسه می‌روم.

2. گربه زیر میز است.

3. خانه‌ام دور از اینجا است.

4. نامه از طرف دوست من است.

5. من قبل از خواب کتاب می‌خوانم.

Exercise 3: Match the Prepositions

Match the Dari prepositions on the left with their English translations on the right.

| Dari | English |

|---------------|------------------|

| در | a) with |

| بر | b) in |

| زیر | c) on |

| دور | d) under |

| نزدیک | e) far |

Answers to Exercise 3

در - b) in

بر - c) on

زیر - d) under

دور - e) far

نزدیک - a) with

Exercise 4: Create Your Sentences

Using the following prepositions, create your own sentences in Dari.

1. با (with)

2. بدون (without)

3. به (to)

4. از (from)

5. در کنار (beside)

Answers to Exercise 4

Example: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم. (I go to the cinema with my friends.)

You can create your sentences as per your understanding.

Exercise 5: Identify the Preposition

Read the following sentences and identify the preposition used.

1. من در خانه هستم.

2. کتاب بر میز است.

3. گربه زیر صندلی خوابیده است.

4. او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.

5. این هدیه برای توست.

Answers to Exercise 5

1. در

2. بر

3. زیر

4. به سمت

5. برای

Exercise 6: Sentence Transformation

Transform the sentences by replacing the preposition with an appropriate one.

1. کتاب در میز است. (Change 'در' to 'زیر')

2. گلابی بر درخت است. (Change 'بر' to 'زیر')

3. من با دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (Change 'با' to 'بدون')

Answers to Exercise 6

1. کتاب زیر میز است. (The book is under the table.)

2. گلابی زیر درخت است. (The pear is under the tree.)

3. من بدون دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (I study without my friends.)

Exercise 7: Choose the Correct Preposition

Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentences.

1. من ______ خانه هستم. (در / بر)

2. پرنده ______ درخت پرواز می‌کند. (زیر / بالای)

3. کتابخانه ______ اینجا است. (دور / نزدیک)

Answers to Exercise 7

1. در (I am in the house.)

2. بالای (The bird flies above the tree.)

3. نزدیک (The library is near here.)

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form

Fill in the correct form of the preposition in the sentences.

1. او در ______ (کنار / بالای) من نشسته است.

2. این هدیه ______ (برای / بدون) توست.

3. من از ______ (طرف / در) دوست خود نامه دارم.

Answers to Exercise 8

1. کنار (He is sitting beside me.)

2. برای (This gift is for you.)

3. طرف (I have a letter from my friend.)

Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences

Rewrite the sentences using the opposite of the preposition given.

1. گربه زیر میز است. (Use 'بالای')

2. او به سمت خانه می‌رود. (Use 'دور از')

3. من در داخل اتاق هستم. (Use 'در خارج')

Answers to Exercise 9

1. گربه بالای میز است. (The cat is above the table.)

2. او دور از خانه می‌رود. (He is going far from home.)

3. من در خارج اتاق هستم. (I am outside the room.)

Exercise 10: Complete the Dialogue

Complete the dialogue by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

A: تو ______ کجا هستی؟

B: من ______ خانه هستم.

Answers to Exercise 10

A: تو در کجا هستی؟ (Where are you?)

B: من در خانه هستم. (I am in the house.)

With these exercises, you should have a solid foundation in using basic prepositions in Dari. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself using them effortlessly in conversation!

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Basic Prepositions
Conjunctions

Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negations

Weather and Seasons

Past and Future Tenses

Dari Literature and Media

Sources

Other Lessons

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