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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Articles → Noun Gender and Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Noun Gender and Plurals</div>
 
In the fascinating journey of learning Dari, one of the key building blocks is understanding noun gender and how to form plurals. This aspect of the language is not just a grammatical formality; it adds richness to the way we communicate. Noun gender affects not only the nouns themselves but also the adjectives and verbs associated with them, making it a fundamental concept to grasp as you begin your Dari language adventure.
 
In this lesson, we will cover:
 
* The concept of noun gender in Dari
 
* How to identify masculine and feminine nouns
 
* Rules for forming plurals in Dari
 
* Examples to solidify your understanding
 
* Practical exercises to apply what you've learned
 
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grounding in noun gender and plurals, setting you up for more complex structures in future lessons.
 
__TOC__
__TOC__


Introduction:
=== Noun Gender in Dari ===
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of noun gender in Dari and learn how to form plurals of common nouns. Understanding noun gender and plurals is essential for developing a strong foundation in the Dari language. We will begin by discussing the importance of noun gender and its role in sentence construction. Then, we will delve into the rules and patterns for forming plurals in Dari. Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring a clear and thorough understanding of the topic. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of noun gender and plurals, as well as share interesting cultural facts related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of noun gender and the formation of plurals in Dari, allowing you to confidently use nouns in various contexts. So let's dive in!
 
In Dari, nouns have genders, which can be masculine or feminine. This classification impacts how we use adjectives and verbs in sentences. Understanding gender is crucial because it influences agreement in the language.
 
==== Masculine and Feminine Nouns ====
 
In Dari, masculine nouns typically end in vowels or certain consonants, while feminine nouns often end in specific suffixes. Here are some general rules:
 
* '''Masculine nouns''':
 
* Often end in a consonant (e.g., "کتاب" /kətɑːb/ - book)
 
* May end in "-a" or "-i" (e.g., "بچه" /bætʃɛ/ - child)
 
* '''Feminine nouns''':


== Noun Gender in Dari ==
* Often end in "-a" or "-e" (e.g., "دختر" /dæxtær/ - girl)
In many languages, including Dari, nouns are classified into different genders. Noun gender refers to the categorization of nouns into masculine, feminine, or sometimes even neuter categories. Understanding noun gender is important because it affects the form of articles, adjectives, and pronouns used with the noun, as well as the agreement of verbs and other grammatical elements in a sentence.


=== Masculine Nouns ===
* May include specific suffixes like "-ی" (e.g., "مکتب" /mɒktæb/ - school)
Masculine nouns in Dari typically end in the consonant "-ه" or "-ی". For example, let's consider the word "پسر" (pasar) which means "boy" in English. This noun ends in "-ه" and is classified as a masculine noun. Another example is the word "کتابی" (ketabi) which means "book" in English. This noun ends in "-ی" and is also considered masculine.


Here are some more examples of masculine nouns in Dari:
Here’s a table summarizing some common masculine and feminine nouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| پیراهن || pirahan || shirt
 
| کتاب || kətɑːb || book (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| مرد || mard || man
 
| دختر || dæxtær || girl (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| دوست || dust || friend
 
| مرد || mɑrd || man (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| قلم || qalam || pen
 
| زن || zæn || woman (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| کمپیوتر || kompyuter || computer
|}


As you can see, the endings "-ه" and "-ی" are common indicators of masculine nouns in Dari. However, it is important to note that not all nouns ending in these letters are necessarily masculine. Some exceptions do exist, and we will discuss them in detail later in this lesson.
| بچه || bætʃɛ || child (masculine)


=== Feminine Nouns ===
|-
Feminine nouns in Dari typically end in the vowel "-ه" or "-ی". For example, let's consider the word "دختر" (dokhtar) which means "girl" in English. This noun ends in "-ه" and is classified as a feminine noun. Another example is the word "زنی" (zani) which means "woman" in English. This noun ends in "-ی" and is also considered feminine.


Here are some more examples of feminine nouns in Dari:
| خواهر || xwɑhær || sister (feminine)


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| کتاب || ketab || book
 
| پسر || pæsær || boy (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| مادر || madar || mother
 
|-
| مادر || mɒdær || mother (feminine)
| دست || dast || hand
 
|-
| خانم || khanom || lady
|-
| دانشجوی || daneshjoo || student (female)
|}
|}


Similar to masculine nouns, the endings "-ه" and "-ی" are often associated with feminine nouns in Dari. However, there are exceptions to this pattern, and we will explore them later in the lesson.
Understanding this gender distinction is vital, not only for vocabulary acquisition but also for sentence construction as you will see in the next section.
 
=== Forming Plurals in Dari ===
 
Like many languages, Dari has specific rules for forming plurals. The plural form can depend on the gender of the noun as well.
 
==== Pluralization Rules ====
 
1. '''Masculine nouns''':
 
* Typically form their plural by adding "ها" (ha) at the end.


=== Neuter Nouns ===
* Example:
Unlike some other languages, Dari does not have a separate gender category for neuter nouns. Instead, nouns that do not fall into the masculine or feminine categories are typically considered neuter. Neuter nouns in Dari do not have any specific endings that distinguish them from masculine or feminine nouns. Instead, they are identified based on their lack of gender-specific endings.


Here are some examples of neuter nouns in Dari:
* "کتاب" (kətɑːb - book) becomes "کتاب‌ها" (kətɑːb-ha - books)


{| class="wikitable"
2. '''Feminine nouns''':
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| میز || miz || table
|-
| خانه || khane || house
|-
| دانشگاه || daneshgah || university
|-
| شهر || shahr || city
|-
| کشور || keshvar || country
|}


As you can see, the neuter nouns in Dari do not exhibit any specific endings that indicate their gender. It is important to note that some nouns can be used as both masculine and feminine depending on the context. We will discuss these nouns further in the next section.
* Usually add "ها" (ha) as well, but some may have unique forms.


== Plurals in Dari ==
* Example:
Now that we have a basic understanding of noun gender in Dari, let's explore how to form plurals of common nouns. In Dari, there are several patterns for forming plurals, and the choice of pattern depends on the gender and ending of the noun. We will discuss the most common plural patterns in Dari and provide examples for each.


=== Plural Pattern 1: Adding "-ها" ===
* "دختر" (dæxtær - girl) becomes "دخترها" (dæxtær-ha - girls)
One common pattern for forming plurals in Dari is by adding "-ها" to the end of the noun. This pattern is used for both masculine and feminine nouns that end in consonants other than "-ه" or "-ی".


Here are some examples:
Here’s a table showing some examples:


Masculine nouns:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| پسرها || pasara || boys
 
| کتاب‌ها || kətɑːb-hɑ || books (masculine plural)
 
|-
|-
| مردها || marada || men
 
| دخترها || dæxtær-hɑ || girls (feminine plural)
 
|-
|-
| دوستها || dustha || friends
 
| مردها || mɑrd-hɑ || men (masculine plural)
 
|-
|-
| قلمها || qalamha || pens
 
| زن‌ها || zæn-hɑ || women (feminine plural)
 
|-
|-
| کمپیوترها || kompyuterha || computers
|}


Feminine nouns:
| بچه‌ها || bætʃɛ-hɑ || children (masculine plural)
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| کتابها || ketabha || books
 
| خواهرها || xwɑhær-hɑ || sisters (feminine plural)
 
|-
|-
| مادرها || madarha || mothers
 
| پسرها || pæsær-hɑ || boys (masculine plural)
 
|-
|-
| دستها || dastha || hands
 
|-
| مادرها || mɒdær-hɑ || mothers (feminine plural)
| خانمها || khanomha || ladies
 
|-
| دانشجویها || daneshjooha || students (female)
|}
|}


As you can see, the plural form of the noun is created by adding the suffix "-ها" to the end of the noun. This pattern is applied to both masculine and feminine nouns that end in consonants other than "-ه" or "-ی".
=== Examples in Context ===
 
To fully grasp noun gender and plurals, let's look at some sentences that illustrate their use:
 
1. '''Masculine Sentence''':
 
* "کتاب‌ها جدید هستند." (kətɑːb-hɑ jadid hæstænd) - "The books are new."
 
2. '''Feminine Sentence''':
 
* "دخترها خوشحال هستند." (dæxtær-hɑ xoshhæl hæstænd) - "The girls are happy."
 
3. '''Mixed Gender Sentence''':
 
* "مرد و زن در پارک هستند." (mɑrd ɔ zæn dær pɑrk hæstænd) - "The man and woman are in the park."
 
By practicing these structures, you will begin to feel more comfortable with both noun gender and pluralization.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it's time to test your understanding of noun gender and plurals! Below are ten exercises for you to complete, followed by answers and explanations.
 
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Gender ====
 
Determine whether the following nouns are masculine or feminine:
 
1. کتاب (book)
 
2. دختر (girl)
 
3. مرد (man)
 
4. خانه (house)
 
5. پسر (boy)
 
==== Exercise 2: Form the Plural ====
 
Convert the following nouns into their plural forms:
 
1. کتاب (book)
 
2. دختر (girl)
 
3. مرد (man)
 
4. زن (woman)
 
5. بچه (child)
 
==== Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the noun:
 
1. من دو _______ (کتاب) دارم.
 
2. او سه _______ (دختر) دارد.
 
3. ما چهار _______ (مرد) هستیم.
 
4. آنها پنج _______ (زن) هستند.
 
5. شما سه _______ (بچه) دارید.
 
==== Exercise 4: Gender Identification in Sentences ====
 
Identify the gender of the nouns in the following sentences:
 
1. "کتاب روی میز است." (The book is on the table.)
 
2. "دختر در باغ بازی می‌کند." (The girl is playing in the garden.)
 
3. "مرد در بازار کار می‌کند." (The man works in the market.)
 
4. "زن غذا می‌پزد." (The woman cooks food.)
 
5. "بچه در مدرسه است." (The child is at school.)
 
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Write sentences using the following nouns in both singular and plural forms:
 
1. کتاب (book)
 
2. دختر (girl)
 
3. مرد (man)
 
4. خانه (house)
 
5. پسر (boy)
 
=== Answers and Explanations ===
 
Here are the answers to the exercises, along with further explanations:
 
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Gender ====
 
1. کتاب - Masculine
 
2. دختر - Feminine
 
3. مرد - Masculine
 
4. خانه - Feminine
 
5. پسر - Masculine
 
''Explanation'': The ending of each noun helps determine its gender.
 
==== Exercise 2: Form the Plural ====
 
1. کتاب → کتاب‌ها
 
2. دختر → دخترها


=== Plural Pattern 2: Changing the Ending ===
3. مرد → مردها
Another common pattern for forming plurals in Dari is by changing the ending of the noun. This pattern is used for masculine nouns that end in "-ه" or "-ی" and feminine nouns that end in "-ه".


Here are some examples:
4. زن → زن‌ها


Masculine nouns ending in "-ه":
5. بچه → بچه‌ها
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| پیراهنها || pirahanha || shirts
|-
| مردها || mardha || men
|-
| دوستها || dustha || friends
|-
| قلمها || qalamha || pens
|-
| کمپیوترها || kompyuterha || computers
|}


Masculine nouns ending in "-ی":
''Explanation'': Adding "ها" (ha) to the end of the nouns forms the plural.
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کتابها || ketabha || books
|-
| دانشجوها || daneshjuha || students (male)
|-
| پاها || paha || feet
|-
| دستها || dastha || hands
|-
| خانها || khanaha || houses
|}


Feminine nouns ending in "-ه":
==== Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کتابها || ketabha || books
|-
| مادرها || madarha || mothers
|-
| دستها || dastha || hands
|-
| خانمها || khanomha || ladies
|-
| دانشجویها || daneshjooha || students (female)
|}


As you can see, the ending of the noun changes when forming the plural. Masculine nouns ending in "-ه" or "-ی" have their ending replaced with "-ها", while feminine nouns ending in "-ه" have their ending replaced with "-ها".
1. من دو '''کتاب''' (کتاب‌ها) دارم.


=== Plural Pattern 3: Irregular Plurals ===
2. او سه '''دختر''' (دخترها) دارد.
In addition to the regular plural patterns discussed above, there are also some nouns in Dari that have irregular plural forms. These irregular plurals do not follow a specific pattern and must be memorized. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
3. ما چهار '''مرد''' (مردها) هستیم.
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| میزها || mizha || tables
|-
| خانه‌ها || khaneha || houses
|-
| دانشگاه‌ها || daneshgahha || universities
|-
| شهرها || shahrha || cities
|-
| کشورها || keshvarha || countries
|}


As you can see, the plural forms of these nouns do not follow a consistent pattern. It is important to learn and memorize these irregular plurals to use them correctly in sentences.
4. آنها پنج '''زن''' (زن‌ها) هستند.


== Cultural Insights ==
5. شما سه '''بچه''' (بچه‌ها) دارید.
The concept of noun gender and the formation of plurals in Dari are deeply rooted in the language's history and cultural context. The gender classification of nouns reflects the cultural understanding of gender roles and distinctions in Afghan society. Additionally, the formation of plurals in Dari showcases the linguistic richness and complexity of the language. It is interesting to note that Dari, as a member of the Indo-Iranian language family, shares similarities with other languages in the region, such as Persian and Urdu, in terms of noun gender and plurals.


In Afghan culture, gender plays a significant role in social interactions and expectations. Understanding noun gender in Dari allows learners to navigate these cultural nuances and communicate effectively with native speakers. Additionally, learning about noun gender and plurals provides insights into the linguistic diversity and complexity of the Afghan culture.
''Explanation'': The nouns need to be in plural form according to the context.


== Exercises ==
==== Exercise 4: Gender Identification in Sentences ====
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of noun gender and plurals in Dari.


Exercise 1: Identify the Gender
1. کتاب - Masculine
For each of the following nouns, identify whether it is masculine or feminine. Write "M" for masculine and "F" for feminine.


1. پسر
2. دختر - Feminine
2. مادر
3. دوست
4. خانم
5. مرد
6. کتاب
7. دست
8. دانشجوی
9. قلم
10. کمپیوتر


Exercise 2: Forming Plurals
3. مرد - Masculine
Using the correct plural pattern, form the plural of each noun. Write the plural form of each noun in Dari.


1. پسر
4. زن - Feminine
2. مادر
3. دوست
4. خانم
5. مرد
6. کتاب
7. دست
8. دانشجوی
9. قلم
10. کمپیوتر


Exercise 3: Irregular Plurals
5. بچه - Masculine
Write the plural form of each noun in Dari.


1. میز
''Explanation'': Identifying the gender in context reinforces recognition of nouns' forms.
2. خانه
3. دانشگاه
4. شهر
5. کشور


== Solutions ==
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
Exercise 1: Identify the Gender
1. پسر - M
2. مادر - F
3. دوست - M
4. خانم - F
5. مرد - M
6. کتاب - F
7. دست - F
8. دانشجوی - M
9. قلم - M
10. کمپیوتر - M


Exercise 2: Forming Plurals
Students' answers will vary.
1. پسرها
2. مادرها
3. دوستها
4. خانمها
5. مردها
6. کتابها
7. دستها
8. دانشجوها
9. قلمها
10. کمپیوترها


Exercise 3: Irregular Plurals
''Explanation'': Creating sentences allows you to practice and apply your understanding of noun gender and pluralization.
1. میزها
2. خانه‌ها
3. دانشگاه‌ها
4. شهرها
5. کشورها


== Conclusion ==
As you continue your journey in learning Dari, remember that understanding gender and plurals is just one step toward fluency. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself weaving more complex ideas into your speech and writing.
In this lesson, we explored the concept of noun gender in Dari and learned how to form plurals of common nouns. We discussed the different patterns for forming plurals and provided numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we explored the cultural significance of noun gender and plurals in Dari-speaking societies. By understanding noun gender and the formation of plurals, you have taken a significant step towards mastering the Dari language. Keep practicing and exploring the rich linguistic and cultural aspects of Dari, and you will continue to progress in your language journey.


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Latest revision as of 06:17, 2 August 2024

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Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Noun Gender and Plurals

In the fascinating journey of learning Dari, one of the key building blocks is understanding noun gender and how to form plurals. This aspect of the language is not just a grammatical formality; it adds richness to the way we communicate. Noun gender affects not only the nouns themselves but also the adjectives and verbs associated with them, making it a fundamental concept to grasp as you begin your Dari language adventure.

In this lesson, we will cover:

  • The concept of noun gender in Dari
  • How to identify masculine and feminine nouns
  • Rules for forming plurals in Dari
  • Examples to solidify your understanding
  • Practical exercises to apply what you've learned

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grounding in noun gender and plurals, setting you up for more complex structures in future lessons.

Noun Gender in Dari[edit | edit source]

In Dari, nouns have genders, which can be masculine or feminine. This classification impacts how we use adjectives and verbs in sentences. Understanding gender is crucial because it influences agreement in the language.

Masculine and Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

In Dari, masculine nouns typically end in vowels or certain consonants, while feminine nouns often end in specific suffixes. Here are some general rules:

  • Masculine nouns:
  • Often end in a consonant (e.g., "کتاب" /kətɑːb/ - book)
  • May end in "-a" or "-i" (e.g., "بچه" /bætʃɛ/ - child)
  • Feminine nouns:
  • Often end in "-a" or "-e" (e.g., "دختر" /dæxtær/ - girl)
  • May include specific suffixes like "-ی" (e.g., "مکتب" /mɒktæb/ - school)

Here’s a table summarizing some common masculine and feminine nouns:

Dari Pronunciation English
کتاب kətɑːb book (masculine)
دختر dæxtær girl (feminine)
مرد mɑrd man (masculine)
زن zæn woman (feminine)
بچه bætʃɛ child (masculine)
خواهر xwɑhær sister (feminine)
پسر pæsær boy (masculine)
مادر mɒdær mother (feminine)

Understanding this gender distinction is vital, not only for vocabulary acquisition but also for sentence construction as you will see in the next section.

Forming Plurals in Dari[edit | edit source]

Like many languages, Dari has specific rules for forming plurals. The plural form can depend on the gender of the noun as well.

Pluralization Rules[edit | edit source]

1. Masculine nouns:

  • Typically form their plural by adding "ها" (ha) at the end.
  • Example:
  • "کتاب" (kətɑːb - book) becomes "کتاب‌ها" (kətɑːb-ha - books)

2. Feminine nouns:

  • Usually add "ها" (ha) as well, but some may have unique forms.
  • Example:
  • "دختر" (dæxtær - girl) becomes "دخترها" (dæxtær-ha - girls)

Here’s a table showing some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English
کتاب‌ها kətɑːb-hɑ books (masculine plural)
دخترها dæxtær-hɑ girls (feminine plural)
مردها mɑrd-hɑ men (masculine plural)
زن‌ها zæn-hɑ women (feminine plural)
بچه‌ها bætʃɛ-hɑ children (masculine plural)
خواهرها xwɑhær-hɑ sisters (feminine plural)
پسرها pæsær-hɑ boys (masculine plural)
مادرها mɒdær-hɑ mothers (feminine plural)

Examples in Context[edit | edit source]

To fully grasp noun gender and plurals, let's look at some sentences that illustrate their use:

1. Masculine Sentence:

  • "کتاب‌ها جدید هستند." (kətɑːb-hɑ jadid hæstænd) - "The books are new."

2. Feminine Sentence:

  • "دخترها خوشحال هستند." (dæxtær-hɑ xoshhæl hæstænd) - "The girls are happy."

3. Mixed Gender Sentence:

  • "مرد و زن در پارک هستند." (mɑrd ɔ zæn dær pɑrk hæstænd) - "The man and woman are in the park."

By practicing these structures, you will begin to feel more comfortable with both noun gender and pluralization.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to test your understanding of noun gender and plurals! Below are ten exercises for you to complete, followed by answers and explanations.

Exercise 1: Identify the Gender[edit | edit source]

Determine whether the following nouns are masculine or feminine:

1. کتاب (book)

2. دختر (girl)

3. مرد (man)

4. خانه (house)

5. پسر (boy)

Exercise 2: Form the Plural[edit | edit source]

Convert the following nouns into their plural forms:

1. کتاب (book)

2. دختر (girl)

3. مرد (man)

4. زن (woman)

5. بچه (child)

Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the noun:

1. من دو _______ (کتاب) دارم.

2. او سه _______ (دختر) دارد.

3. ما چهار _______ (مرد) هستیم.

4. آنها پنج _______ (زن) هستند.

5. شما سه _______ (بچه) دارید.

Exercise 4: Gender Identification in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Identify the gender of the nouns in the following sentences:

1. "کتاب روی میز است." (The book is on the table.)

2. "دختر در باغ بازی می‌کند." (The girl is playing in the garden.)

3. "مرد در بازار کار می‌کند." (The man works in the market.)

4. "زن غذا می‌پزد." (The woman cooks food.)

5. "بچه در مدرسه است." (The child is at school.)

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write sentences using the following nouns in both singular and plural forms:

1. کتاب (book)

2. دختر (girl)

3. مرد (man)

4. خانه (house)

5. پسر (boy)

Answers and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Here are the answers to the exercises, along with further explanations:

Exercise 1: Identify the Gender[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب - Masculine

2. دختر - Feminine

3. مرد - Masculine

4. خانه - Feminine

5. پسر - Masculine

Explanation: The ending of each noun helps determine its gender.

Exercise 2: Form the Plural[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب → کتاب‌ها

2. دختر → دخترها

3. مرد → مردها

4. زن → زن‌ها

5. بچه → بچه‌ها

Explanation: Adding "ها" (ha) to the end of the nouns forms the plural.

Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. من دو کتاب (کتاب‌ها) دارم.

2. او سه دختر (دخترها) دارد.

3. ما چهار مرد (مردها) هستیم.

4. آنها پنج زن (زن‌ها) هستند.

5. شما سه بچه (بچه‌ها) دارید.

Explanation: The nouns need to be in plural form according to the context.

Exercise 4: Gender Identification in Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب - Masculine

2. دختر - Feminine

3. مرد - Masculine

4. زن - Feminine

5. بچه - Masculine

Explanation: Identifying the gender in context reinforces recognition of nouns' forms.

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Students' answers will vary.

Explanation: Creating sentences allows you to practice and apply your understanding of noun gender and pluralization.

As you continue your journey in learning Dari, remember that understanding gender and plurals is just one step toward fluency. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself weaving more complex ideas into your speech and writing.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negations


Weather and Seasons


Past and Future Tenses


Dari Literature and Media


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Definite and Indefinite Articles ▶️

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