Difference between revisions of "Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Present-Tense"

Latest revision as of 21:44, 21 June 2023

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Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in the Panjabi language. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening now or regularly occur. Understanding how to use verbs in the present tense is essential for forming simple sentences in Panjabi. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use the present tense and express yourself in Panjabi.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Introduction to the Present Tense 2. Formation of Present Tense Verbs 3. Present Tense Conjugations 4. Present Tense Usage 5. Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Panjabi Culture 6. Practice Exercises 7. Solutions and Explanations

Introduction to the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense is a verb form that expresses an action or state of being in the present time. In Panjabi, verbs in the present tense are used to describe actions that are happening now or regularly occur. By learning how to use the present tense, you will be able to communicate effectively in everyday conversations.

Formation of Present Tense Verbs[edit | edit source]

To form the present tense in Panjabi, we usually add specific suffixes to the verb stem. The verb stem is the base form of the verb without any added suffixes. The suffixes used to form the present tense depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject.

Let's take a look at the formation of present tense verbs with some examples:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English Translation
ਮੈਂ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਾਂ	Main paṛdā hāṁ	I read
ਤੂੰ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ	Tū̃ paṛdā hai	You read (singular)
ਉਹ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ	Uh paṛdā hai	He reads
ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ	Us ne paṛdā hai	She reads
ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਾਂ	Āsī̃ paṛde hāṁ	We read
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹੋ	Tusī̃ paṛde ho	You read (plural)
ਉਹਾਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਨ	Uhā̃ paṛde han	They read

In the examples above, you can see that the suffixes "-ਦਾ ਹਾਂ" (-dā hāṁ) and "-ਦਾ ਹੈ" (-dā hai) are added to the verb stem to form the present tense. The suffix "-ਦਾ" (-dā) indicates that the action is happening in the present, and the suffix "ਹਾਂ" (hāṁ) or "ਹੈ" (hai) indicates the person and number of the subject.

Present Tense Conjugations[edit | edit source]

The present tense conjugations in Panjabi vary based on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a closer look at the conjugations for each pronoun:

Singular Pronouns[edit | edit source]

1. First person singular (I) - ਮੈਂ (Main) 2. Second person singular (you) - ਤੂੰ (Tū̃) 3. Third person singular (he/she) - ਉਹ (Uh)

Plural Pronouns[edit | edit source]

1. First person plural (we) - ਅਸੀਂ (Āsī̃) 2. Second person plural (you all) - ਤੁਸੀਂ (Tusī̃) 3. Third person plural (they) - ਉਹਾਂ (Uhā̃)

By combining the pronouns with the appropriate verb forms, we can create sentences in the present tense. Here are some examples:

ਮੈਂ ਸੋਚਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main socẖdā hāṁ) - I think
ਤੂੰ ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ gāuṃdā hai) - You sing
ਉਹ ਚੱਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh cẖalda hai) - He walks
ਉਸ ਨੇ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne khāṃdā hai) - She eats
ਅਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ suṇde hāṁ) - We listen
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਰਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ parāṃde ho) - You all fly
ਉਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ bolde han) - They speak

Present Tense Usage[edit | edit source]

The present tense in Panjabi is used to describe actions that are happening now or regularly occur. It is also used to express general truths, habits, and scheduled events. Here are some common uses of the present tense:

1. Actions happening now: ਹੁਣ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ? (Huṇ kī kar rahe ho?) - What are you doing now? 2. Habits and routines: ਉਹ ਹਰ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh har savere prārthanā kardā hai) - He prays every morning. 3. General truths: ਸੂਰਜ ਪੱਖੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਉਚਾਂਵਾਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ (Sūraj pakẖīā̃ dī tarhā̃ ucẖā̃vā̃ kardā hai) - The sun rises like birds. 4. Scheduled events: ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮ 7 ਵਜੇ ਹੈ (Prōgrām dā samā̃ śām 7 vaje hai) - The program is at 7 pm.

Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Panjabi Culture[edit | edit source]

The present tense plays a vital role in Panjabi culture, as it allows individuals to express themselves in everyday conversations. Panjabi is spoken in various regions of India and Pakistan, and there are some regional variations in the usage and understanding of the present tense.

For example, in some regions of Panjab, the present tense is often used to express future intentions or plans. This usage reflects the cultural concept of time as fluid and flexible. It is common to hear Panjabi speakers say, "ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ ਦੇਖਾਂਗਾ" (Main kaal dekhaanga) - I will see tomorrow, instead of using the future tense.

Additionally, the present tense is also used to indicate politeness and respect in Panjabi culture. When addressing elders or authority figures, individuals may use the present tense to show deference and humility. This cultural nuance adds depth and richness to the language.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Panjabi.

Exercise 1: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense according to the given pronoun.

1. ਪੜਨਾ (paṛnā) - to read - ਮੈਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Main _____ hāṁ) - ਤੂੰ _____ ਹੈ (Tū̃ _____ hai) - ਉਹ _____ ਹੈ (Uh _____ hai) - ਉਸ ਨੇ _____ ਹੈ (Us ne _____ hai) - ਅਸੀਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ _____ hāṁ) - ਤੁਸੀਂ _____ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ _____ ho) - ਉਹਾਂ _____ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ _____ han)

2. ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā) - to speak - ਮੈਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Main _____ hāṁ) - ਤੂੰ _____ ਹੈ (Tū̃ _____ hai) - ਉਹ _____ ਹੈ (Uh _____ hai) - ਉਸ ਨੇ _____ ਹੈ (Us ne _____ hai) - ਅਸੀਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ _____ hāṁ) - ਤੁਸੀਂ _____ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ _____ ho) - ਉਹਾਂ _____ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ _____ han)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences from English to Panjabi using the present tense.

1. She sings beautifully. 2. We eat together every evening. 3. Are you listening to me? 4. They play cricket on Sundays. 5. I love to dance.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

1. ਪੜਨਾ (paṛnā) - to read - ਮੈਂ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main paṛdā hāṁ) - ਤੂੰ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ paṛdā hai) - ਉਹ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh paṛdā hai) - ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne paṛdā hai) - ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ paṛde hāṁ) - ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ paṛde ho) - ਉਹਾਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ paṛde han)

2. ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā) - to speak - ਮੈਂ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main bolda hāṁ) - ਤੂੰ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ bolda hai) - ਉਹ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh bolda hai) - ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne bolda hai) - ਅਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ bolde hāṁ) - ਤੁਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ bolde ho) - ਉਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ bolde han)

Exercise 2:

1. ਉਹ ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। (Uh khūbasūrṭī nāl gāuṃdī hai) 2. ਅਸੀਂ ਹਰ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ। (Āsī̃ har śām ikkaṭhe khāṃde hāṁ) 3. ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰੀਆਂ ਸੁਣ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ? (Kī tusī̃ merīā̃ suṇ rahe ho?) 4. ਉਹਾਂ ਐਤਵਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਹਨ। (Uhā̃ aiṭvār nū̃ krikaṭ kheḍde han) 5. ਮੈਂ ਨਾਚਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (Main nācaṇ dīā̃ piār kardā hāṁ)

SEO Tags[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Panjabi Script

Basic Words and Phrases

Basic Sentence Structure

Everyday Vocabulary

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negation

Panjabi Customs and Traditions

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Panjabi Literature and Media

Health and Emergencies

Expressing Opinions and Emotions

Sources[edit | edit source]

Panjabi Grammar: A Brief Grammar of Panjabi As Spoken in the ...

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Family and Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
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 {{Panjabi-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Panjabi language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I'm excited to teach you about verbs and tenses in Panjabi. In this lesson, we will be focusing on the present tense. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form simple sentences in Panjabi using the present tense.
+== Introduction ==
+In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in the Panjabi language. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening now or regularly occur. Understanding how to use verbs in the present tense is essential for forming simple sentences in Panjabi. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use the present tense and express yourself in Panjabi.
+== Structure of the Lesson ==
+. Introduction to the Present Tense
+. Formation of Present Tense Verbs
+. Present Tense Conjugations
+. Present Tense Usage
+. Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Panjabi Culture
+. Practice Exercises
+. Solutions and Explanations
-<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Plural|Plural]] & [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
+== Introduction to the Present Tense ==
-== What is the Present Tense? ==
-The present tense refers to actions or events that are currently happening or are habitual. In Panjabi, the present tense is used to describe what is happening right now or to describe habitual actions.
-For example, "I am eating breakfast" is a sentence in the present tense because it describes what the speaker is currently doing. Similarly, "I eat breakfast every morning" is also a sentence in the present tense because it describes a habitual action.
+The present tense is a verb form that expresses an action or state of being in the present time. In Panjabi, verbs in the present tense are used to describe actions that are happening now or regularly occur. By learning how to use the present tense, you will be able to communicate effectively in everyday conversations.
-== How to Form the Present Tense in Panjabi ==
+== Formation of Present Tense Verbs ==
-To form the present tense in Panjabi, we first need to understand the concept of the Panjabi verb stem. The verb stem is the root form of the verb before any tense or aspect markers are added. For example, the verb stem of "to eat" is "kha-".
-To form the present tense, we add the appropriate present tense markers to the verb stem. The present tense markers in Panjabi are -da, -di, and -de depending on the gender and number of the subject.
+To form the present tense in Panjabi, we usually add specific suffixes to the verb stem. The verb stem is the base form of the verb without any added suffixes. The suffixes used to form the present tense depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject.
-Let's take a look at some examples:
+Let's take a look at the formation of present tense verbs with some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| ਮੈਂ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਾਂ || Main paṛdā hāṁ || I read
+|-
+| ਤੂੰ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ || Tū̃ paṛdā hai || You read (singular)
+|-
+| ਉਹ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ || Uh paṛdā hai || He reads
 |-
-| ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।<br>main khaanda haan. || /meɪ̃ kʰãːnd̪ãː hãː/ || I am eating. (masculine singular)
+| ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ || Us ne paṛdā hai || She reads
 |-
-| ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦੀ ਹਾਂ।<br>main khaandi haan. || /meɪ̃ kʰãːnd̪i hãː/ || I am eating. (feminine singular)
+| ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਾਂ || Āsī̃ paṛde hāṁ || We read
 |-
-| ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ।<br>main khaande haan. || /meɪ̃ kʰãːnd̪eː hãː/ || I am eating. (plural)
+| ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹੋ || Tusī̃ paṛde ho || You read (plural)
+|-
+| ਉਹਾਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਨ || Uhā̃ paṛde han || They read
 |}
-Notice how the present tense marker changes depending on the gender and number of the subject in Panjabi. Keep in mind that this is just a general guideline, and there may be some exceptions to this rule.
+In the examples above, you can see that the suffixes "-ਦਾ ਹਾਂ" (-dā hāṁ) and "-ਦਾ ਹੈ" (-dā hai) are added to the verb stem to form the present tense. The suffix "-ਦਾ" (-dā) indicates that the action is happening in the present, and the suffix "ਹਾਂ" (hāṁ) or "ਹੈ" (hai) indicates the person and number of the subject.
+== Present Tense Conjugations ==
+The present tense conjugations in Panjabi vary based on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a closer look at the conjugations for each pronoun:
+=== Singular Pronouns ===
+. First person singular (I) - ਮੈਂ (Main)
+. Second person singular (you) - ਤੂੰ (Tū̃)
+. Third person singular (he/she) - ਉਹ (Uh)
+=== Plural Pronouns ===
-== Negation in the Present Tense ==
+. First person plural (we) - ਅਸੀਂ (Āsī̃)
-To make a negative sentence in the present tense, we add the word "ਨਹੀਂ" (nahin) after the subject of the sentence.
+. Second person plural (you all) - ਤੁਸੀਂ (Tusī̃)
+. Third person plural (they) - ਉਹਾਂ (Uhā̃)
-For example:
+By combining the pronouns with the appropriate verb forms, we can create sentences in the present tense. Here are some examples:
-* "ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ।" (main khaanda nahin haan) - I am not eating.
+* ਮੈਂ ਸੋਚਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main socẖdā hāṁ) - I think
+* ਤੂੰ ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ gāuṃdā hai) - You sing
+* ਉਹ ਚੱਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh cẖalda hai) - He walks
+* ਉਸ ਨੇ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne khāṃdā hai) - She eats
+* ਅਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ suṇde hāṁ) - We listen
+* ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਰਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ parāṃde ho) - You all fly
+* ਉਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ bolde han) - They speak
-* "ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋ।" (tusi parhde nahin ho) - You are not studying.
+== Present Tense Usage ==
-== Verb Conjugation in the Present Tense ==
+The present tense in Panjabi is used to describe actions that are happening now or regularly occur. It is also used to express general truths, habits, and scheduled events. Here are some common uses of the present tense:
-In Panjabi, verbs are not conjugated based on the subject pronoun. Instead, the subject is included in the conjugated verb form. This is called subject-verb agreement.
-For example:
+. Actions happening now: ਹੁਣ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ? (Huṇ kī kar rahe ho?) - What are you doing now?
+. Habits and routines: ਉਹ ਹਰ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh har savere prārthanā kardā hai) - He prays every morning.
+. General truths: ਸੂਰਜ ਪੱਖੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਉਚਾਂਵਾਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ (Sūraj pakẖīā̃ dī tarhā̃ ucẖā̃vā̃ kardā hai) - The sun rises like birds.
+. Scheduled events: ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮ 7 ਵਜੇ ਹੈ (Prōgrām dā samā̃ śām 7 vaje hai) - The program is at 7 pm.
-* "ਮੈਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਹਾਂ।" (main parhda haan) - I am studying. (masculine singular)
+== Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Panjabi Culture ==
-* "ਉਹ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਹੈ।" (uh parhdi hai) - She is studying. (feminine singular)
+The present tense plays a vital role in Panjabi culture, as it allows individuals to express themselves in everyday conversations. Panjabi is spoken in various regions of India and Pakistan, and there are some regional variations in the usage and understanding of the present tense.
-* "ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹੋ।" (tusi parhde ho) - You are studying. (plural/masculine informal)
+For example, in some regions of Panjab, the present tense is often used to express future intentions or plans. This usage reflects the cultural concept of time as fluid and flexible. It is common to hear Panjabi speakers say, "ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ ਦੇਖਾਂਗਾ" (Main kaal dekhaanga) - I will see tomorrow, instead of using the future tense.
-* "ਸਾਡੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹਨ।" (saade baare parhde han) - They are studying about us. (plural)
+Additionally, the present tense is also used to indicate politeness and respect in Panjabi culture. When addressing elders or authority figures, individuals may use the present tense to show deference and humility. This cultural nuance adds depth and richness to the language.
-Note that "ਹਾਂ" (haan) is added at the end of the verb to make the present tense.
+== Practice Exercises ==
-== Using the Present Continuous Tense ==
+Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Panjabi.
-The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are currently happening at the moment. In Panjabi, the present continuous tense is formed by using the verb "ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ" (ho rihha hai) or "ਰਹੀ ਹੈ" (rahhi hai) depending on the gender of the subject, followed by the verb stem with the present continuous marker -ਰਹਿਆ- (-rihaa-).
-For example:
+Exercise 1: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense according to the given pronoun.
-* "ਮੈਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।" (main parh rihha haan) - I am studying. (masculine singular)
+. ਪੜਨਾ (paṛnā) - to read
+- ਮੈਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Main _____ hāṁ)
+- ਤੂੰ _____ ਹੈ (Tū̃ _____ hai)
+- ਉਹ _____ ਹੈ (Uh _____ hai)
+- ਉਸ ਨੇ _____ ਹੈ (Us ne _____ hai)
+- ਅਸੀਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ _____ hāṁ)
+- ਤੁਸੀਂ _____ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ _____ ho)
+- ਉਹਾਂ _____ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ _____ han)
-* "ਉਹ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।" (uh parh rahhi hai) - She is studying. (feminine singular)
+. ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā) - to speak
+- ਮੈਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Main _____ hāṁ)
+- ਤੂੰ _____ ਹੈ (Tū̃ _____ hai)
+- ਉਹ _____ ਹੈ (Uh _____ hai)
+- ਉਸ ਨੇ _____ ਹੈ (Us ne _____ hai)
+- ਅਸੀਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ _____ hāṁ)
+- ਤੁਸੀਂ _____ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ _____ ho)
+- ਉਹਾਂ _____ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ _____ han)
-* "ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ।" (tusi parh rahe ho) - You are studying. (plural/masculine informal)
+Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences from English to Panjabi using the present tense.
-* "ਸਾਡੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ।" (saade baare parh rahe han) - They are studying about us. (plural)
+. She sings beautifully.
+. We eat together every evening.
+. Are you listening to me?
+. They play cricket on Sundays.
+. I love to dance.
-== Using the Present Perfect Tense ==
+== Solutions and Explanations ==
-The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that started in the past and continue up to the present moment. In Panjabi, the present perfect tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb "ਹੈ" (hai) or "ਹਨ" (han) along with the past participle of the verb.
-For example:
+Exercise 1:
-* "ਮੈਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।" (main parh rihha haan) - I have been studying.
+. ਪੜਨਾ (paṛnā) - to read
+- ਮੈਂ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main paṛdā hāṁ)
+- ਤੂੰ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ paṛdā hai)
+- ਉਹ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh paṛdā hai)
+- ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne paṛdā hai)
+- ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ paṛde hāṁ)
+- ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ paṛde ho)
+- ਉਹਾਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ paṛde han)
-* "ਉਹ ਖਿੜਕੀ ਬੰਦ ਰਖੀ ਹੈ।" (uh khirki band rakhi hai) - She has kept the window closed.
+. ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā) - to speak
+- ਮੈਂ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main bolda hāṁ)
+- ਤੂੰ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ bolda hai)
+- ਉਹ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh bolda hai)
+- ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne bolda hai)
+- ਅਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ bolde hāṁ)
+- ਤੁਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ bolde ho)
+- ਉਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ bolde han)
-== Conclusion ==
+Exercise 2:
-In this lesson, you have learned about forming the present tense in Panjabi using the appropriate present tense markers, subject-verb agreement, and the use of the present continuous and present perfect tenses. Keep practicing and using the present tense, and you'll be speaking and understanding Panjabi more easily in no time!
+. ਉਹ ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। (Uh khūbasūrṭī nāl gāuṃdī hai)
+. ਅਸੀਂ ਹਰ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ। (Āsī̃ har śām ikkaṭhe khāṃde hāṁ)
+. ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰੀਆਂ ਸੁਣ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ? (Kī tusī̃ merīā̃ suṇ rahe ho?)
+. ਉਹਾਂ ਐਤਵਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਹਨ। (Uhā̃ aiṭvār nū̃ krikaṭ kheḍde han)
+. ਮੈਂ ਨਾਚਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (Main nācaṇ dīā̃ piār kardā hāṁ)
-<span link>Upon wrapping up this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Gurmukhi-Matra|Gurmukhi Matra]] & [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]].</span>
+== SEO Tags ==
 {{#seo:
-|title=Panjabi Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
+|title=Panjabi Grammar: Present Tense | Learn Panjabi Online
-|keywords=Panjabi, Panjabi present tense, Panjabi verb conjugation, Panjabi grammar
+|keywords=Panjabi present tense, Panjabi verbs, Panjabi grammar, Panjabi language, Panjabi course, Panjabi lessons
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the present tense in Panjabi, including verb conjugation, negation, and using the present continuous and present perfect tenses.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use verbs in the present tense and form simple sentences in Panjabi. Explore the cultural significance of the present tense in Panjabi culture. Practice exercises included.
 }}
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 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Panjabi-0-to-A1-Course]]
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+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666823/ Panjabi Grammar: A Brief Grammar of Panjabi As Spoken in the ...]
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
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-==Sources==
-* [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666823/ Panjabi Grammar: A Brief Grammar of Panjabi As Spoken in the ...]
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