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Revision as of 18:15, 29 March 2023
| ◀️ Vowels — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Greetings ▶️ |
Hello, and welcome to this lesson on Bulgarian consonants! As your Bulgarian language teacher for the past 20 years, I am thrilled to introduce you to the complex world of Bulgarian consonants. Bulgarian has a total of 30 consonants, and mastering them is the key to achieving fluency in the language. In this lesson, we will focus on the most important consonant sounds and letter combinations in Bulgarian.
Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Comparatives and Superlatives & DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS – Показателни местоимения.
Consonant sounds
Bulgarian consonants can be divided into several different groups based on their sound characteristics. The most important groups are:
Voiceless consonants
Voiceless consonants are pronounced with the vocal cords not vibrating. In Bulgarian, the voiceless consonants are:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| п | p | p |
| т | t | t |
| к | k | k |
| ч | č (ch) | ch |
| ш | š (sh) | sh |
| щ | sht | sht |
| ф | f | f |
| с | s | s |
Voiced consonants
Voiced consonants are pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating. In Bulgarian, the voiced consonants are:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| б | b | b |
| д | d | d |
| г | g | g |
| ж | ž (zh) | zh |
| з | z | z |
| ю | j (y) | y |
| в | v | v |
| л | l | l |
| м | m | m |
| н | n | n |
| р | r | r |
| й | j (y) | y |
It is important to note that the Bulgarian letters "дж" and "дз" represent single sounds in Bulgarian, but they are considered combinations of the sounds "д" and "ж", and "д" and "з", respectively.
Nasal consonants
Nasal consonants are pronounced with the air flowing through the nose. In Bulgarian, the nasal consonants are:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| м | m | m |
| н | n | n |
Letter combinations
Bulgarian has several letter combinations that represent single consonant sounds. These include:
- "ж" (zh) - a combination of "з" and "х" sounds
- "ш" (sh) - a combination of "с" and "х" sounds
- "ч" (ch) - a combination of "т" and "ш" sounds
- "щ" (sht) - a combination of "ш" and "т" sounds
- "дж" (dzh) - a combination of "д" and "ж" sounds
- "дз" (dz) - a combination of "д" and "з" sounds
It is important to note that some of these letter combinations are also represented by single letters in the Cyrillic alphabet.
Practice
Practice is key to mastering Bulgarian consonants. Here are some words to practice each of the consonant sounds we discussed:
- п - пук (puk) - to burst
- т - топ (top) - hot
- к - кит (kit) - whale
- ч - чанта (chanta) - bag
- ш - шум (shum) - noise
- щ - щурец (shturets) - squirrel
- ф - философия (filosofiya) - philosophy
- с - син (sin) - blue
- б - банан (banan) - banana
- д - дете (dete) - child
- г - глас (glas) - voice
- ж - жито (zhito) - wheat
- з - звезда (zvezda) - star
- ю - юли (yuli) - July
- в - весел (vesel) - happy
- л - любов (lyubov) - love
- м - мед (med) - honey
- н - нос (nos) - nose
- р - радост (radost) - joy
- й - май (may) - May
I hope this lesson has been helpful and informative! Don't hesitate to practice, and remember that mastering Bulgarian consonants takes time and patience.
Sources
- Bulgarian phonology - Wikipedia
- Watch Out! How to Avoid the Most Common Bulgarian Mistakes.
- Just how hard is it to learn Bulgarian? (insights on Bulgarian grammar)
- Bulgarian Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet
Other Lessons
- Conditional Sentences
- Types of Questions – Видове въпроси
- Pronouns
- GENDER AND NUMBER OF ADJECTIVES – Род и число на прилагателните
- Vowels
- DEFINITE ARTICLE OF NOUNS – Членуване на съществителните
- GENERALIZING PRONOUNS – Обобщителни местоимения
- DEFINITE ARTICLE OF ADJECTIVES – Членуване на прилагателните
- Give your Opinion
- Comparatives and Superlatives
| ◀️ Vowels — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Greetings ▶️ |