Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Plurals"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Dari‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
Line 8: Line 9:


{{Dari-Page-Top}}
{{Dari-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Articles → Noun Gender and Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Articles → Noun Gender and Plurals</div>
__TOC__


__TOC__
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of noun gender in Dari and learn how to form plurals of common nouns. Understanding noun gender and plurals is essential for developing a strong foundation in the Dari language. We will begin by discussing the importance of noun gender and its role in sentence construction. Then, we will delve into the rules and patterns for forming plurals in Dari. Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring a clear and thorough understanding of the topic. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of noun gender and plurals, as well as share interesting cultural facts related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of noun gender and the formation of plurals in Dari, allowing you to confidently use nouns in various contexts. So let's dive in!


== Introduction ==
== Noun Gender in Dari ==
In many languages, including Dari, nouns are classified into different genders. Noun gender refers to the categorization of nouns into masculine, feminine, or sometimes even neuter categories. Understanding noun gender is important because it affects the form of articles, adjectives, and pronouns used with the noun, as well as the agreement of verbs and other grammatical elements in a sentence.


In this lesson, we will dive into the concept of noun gender in Dari and learn how to form plurals of common nouns. Nouns are an essential part of speech that refer to people, places, things, ideas, and feelings. Understanding noun gender and plurals in Dari is crucial for building sentences and communicating effectively. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of these topics.
=== Masculine Nouns ===
Masculine nouns in Dari typically end in the consonant "-ه" or "-ی". For example, let's consider the word "پسر" (pasar) which means "boy" in English. This noun ends in "-ه" and is classified as a masculine noun. Another example is the word "کتابی" (ketabi) which means "book" in English. This noun ends in "-ی" and is also considered masculine.  


Here are some more examples of masculine nouns in Dari:


<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Describing-People-and-Things|Describing People and Things]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]].</span>
{| class="wikitable"
== Noun Gender ==
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| پیراهن || pirahan || shirt
|-
| مرد || mard || man
|-
| دوست || dust || friend
|-
| قلم || qalam || pen
|-
| کمپیوتر || kompyuter || computer
|}


In Dari, just like most other Indo-European languages, every noun has a gender classification: masculine, feminine, or neutral. The gender of a noun in Dari does not necessarily relate to its natural gender. For example, a tree is considered feminine while a book is masculine. Knowing the gender of a noun is especially important in Dari because it determines the form of its articles and adjectives, as well as its plural form. Let's take a closer look at how to identify the gender of a noun.
As you can see, the endings "-ه" and "-ی" are common indicators of masculine nouns in Dari. However, it is important to note that not all nouns ending in these letters are necessarily masculine. Some exceptions do exist, and we will discuss them in detail later in this lesson.


=== Gender of Nouns ===
=== Feminine Nouns ===
Feminine nouns in Dari typically end in the vowel "-ه" or "-ی". For example, let's consider the word "دختر" (dokhtar) which means "girl" in English. This noun ends in "-ه" and is classified as a feminine noun. Another example is the word "زنی" (zani) which means "woman" in English. This noun ends in "-ی" and is also considered feminine.


Gender in Dari is distinguished by the suffix of the noun. There are no strict rules for the choice of suffix, although some suffixes are more common than others for each gender. Here is a list of common suffixes for each gender of nouns in Dari:
Here are some more examples of feminine nouns in Dari:


* Masculine: -ک، -گر، -گان، -زاده
{| class="wikitable"
* Feminine: -ی، -ز، -ستان، -‌خانه، -کی، -نی، -واره
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
* Neutral: -ه، -اء
|-
| کتاب || ketab || book
|-
| مادر || madar || mother
|-
| دست || dast || hand
|-
| خانم || khanom || lady
|-
| دانشجوی || daneshjoo || student (female)
|}


It is important to note that there are some nouns that do not have gender classifications, and they can be used interchangeably for all genders.
Similar to masculine nouns, the endings "-ه" and "-ی" are often associated with feminine nouns in Dari. However, there are exceptions to this pattern, and we will explore them later in the lesson.


=== Examples ===
=== Neuter Nouns ===
Unlike some other languages, Dari does not have a separate gender category for neuter nouns. Instead, nouns that do not fall into the masculine or feminine categories are typically considered neuter. Neuter nouns in Dari do not have any specific endings that distinguish them from masculine or feminine nouns. Instead, they are identified based on their lack of gender-specific endings.


Let's take a look at some examples of each gender classification of nouns in Dari:
Here are some examples of neuter nouns in Dari:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| پدر || padar || father (masculine)
| میز || miz || table
|-
|-
| مادر || mādar || mother (feminine)
| خانه || khane || house
|-
|-
| مرکز || markaz || center (neutral)
| دانشگاه || daneshgah || university
|-
| شهر || shahr || city
|-
| کشور || keshvar || country
|}
|}


In the example above, we see that "پدر" (padar) is a masculine noun, "مادر" (mādar) is a feminine noun, and "مرکز" (markaz) is a neutral noun. It is important to note that the suffix of each noun indicates their gender classification.
As you can see, the neuter nouns in Dari do not exhibit any specific endings that indicate their gender. It is important to note that some nouns can be used as both masculine and feminine depending on the context. We will discuss these nouns further in the next section.


== Plurals of Nouns ==
== Plurals in Dari ==
Now that we have a basic understanding of noun gender in Dari, let's explore how to form plurals of common nouns. In Dari, there are several patterns for forming plurals, and the choice of pattern depends on the gender and ending of the noun. We will discuss the most common plural patterns in Dari and provide examples for each.


In Dari, forming plurals for nouns is easier than in some other languages. We will look at the general rules of forming plurals in Dari, but there are some exceptions that we will cover later in this lesson.
=== Plural Pattern 1: Adding "-ها" ===
One common pattern for forming plurals in Dari is by adding "-ها" to the end of the noun. This pattern is used for both masculine and feminine nouns that end in consonants other than "-ه" or "-ی".


=== Regular Plurals ===
Here are some examples:


To form the regular plural of a noun in Dari, you generally add the suffix "-ها" or "-ان" to singular nouns, and "-ین" to singular nouns ending in a vowel. Here is a table that shows some examples of regular plurals in Dari:
Masculine nouns:
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| پسرها || pasara || boys
|-
| مردها || marada || men
|-
| دوستها || dustha || friends
|-
| قلمها || qalamha || pens
|-
| کمپیوترها || kompyuterha || computers
|}


Feminine nouns:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Singular Noun !! Plural Noun
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ماشین || ماشین‌ها / ماشین‌های || cars
| کتابها || ketabha || books
|-
|-
| ساعت || ساعت‌ها / ساعت‌های || watches
| مادرها || madarha || mothers
|-
|-
| خانه || خانه‌ها / خانه‌های || houses
| دستها || dastha || hands
|-
|-
| پسر || پسران / پسرین || boys
| خانمها || khanomha || ladies
|-
| دانشجویها || daneshjooha || students (female)
|}
|}


As we see in the example above, adding "-ها" and "-ان" for masculine and neutral nouns, and "-های" or "-ی" for feminine nouns is a general rule.
As you can see, the plural form of the noun is created by adding the suffix "-ها" to the end of the noun. This pattern is applied to both masculine and feminine nouns that end in consonants other than "-ه" or "-ی".


=== Irregular Plurals ===
=== Plural Pattern 2: Changing the Ending ===
Another common pattern for forming plurals in Dari is by changing the ending of the noun. This pattern is used for masculine nouns that end in "-ه" or "-ی" and feminine nouns that end in "-ه".


Some nouns in Dari do not follow the regular plural rules. These nouns mostly have a different suffix in their plural form or have an entirely different word for their plural form. Here are some examples of such irregular plurals in Dari:
Here are some examples:


* برادر (brother) -> برادران (brothers)
Masculine nouns ending in "-ه":
* پدر (father) -> پدرها / پیران (fathers)
{| class="wikitable"
* مادر (mother) -> مادران (mothers)
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
* خواهر (sister) -> خواهران (sisters)
|-
* ماه (month) -> ماه‌ها / ماه‌های (months)
| پیراهنها || pirahanha || shirts
|-
| مردها || mardha || men
|-
| دوستها || dustha || friends
|-
| قلمها || qalamha || pens
|-
| کمپیوترها || kompyuterha || computers
|}


It is important to remember irregular plural forms as they don't follow the standard rules for plural formation.
Masculine nouns ending in "-ی":
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Articles ==
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
In Dari, articles are used to give more information about a noun, such as its definiteness or indefiniteness. Articles play an essential role in forming sentences in Dari. There are two types of articles in Dari: definite and indefinite.
| کتابها || ketabha || books
 
|-
=== Definite Articles ===
| دانشجوها || daneshjuha || students (male)
 
|-
In Dari, the definite article "the" is "ه". When the noun is masculine, and begins with a vowel, it can be "و" instead. You can add the definite article to a noun to make it definite. Here are some examples of definite articles used in Dari:
| پاها || paha || feet
|-
| دستها || dastha || hands
|-
| خانها || khanaha || houses
|}


Feminine nouns ending in "-ه":
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! English Sentence !! Dari Sentence !! Transcription
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کتابها || ketabha || books
|-
| مادرها || madarha || mothers
|-
|-
| The house is beautiful || خانه زیباست || khāne zibāst
| دستها || dastha || hands
|-
|-
| The book is on the table || کتاب روی میز است || ketāb ru-i mez ast
| خانمها || khanomha || ladies
|-
|-
| The boy is my brother || پسر برادر من است || pesar-e barādar-e man ast
| دانشجویها || daneshjooha || students (female)
|}
|}


In the examples above, "خانه" (khāne) means house, but adding the definite article "ه" to it transforms it into "خانه‌ی" (khāne-i), which means "the house." Adding "و" instead of "ه" can happen in cases where the noun begins with a vowel such as "و" چای while we say "چای" for indefinite cases.
As you can see, the ending of the noun changes when forming the plural. Masculine nouns ending in "-ه" or "-ی" have their ending replaced with "-ها", while feminine nouns ending in "-ه" have their ending replaced with "-ها".
 
=== Indefinite Articles ===


In Dari, the indefinite article is "یک" which means "a" or "an." You can add the indefinite article to a noun to make it indefinite. Here are some examples of indefinite articles used in Dari:
=== Plural Pattern 3: Irregular Plurals ===
In addition to the regular plural patterns discussed above, there are also some nouns in Dari that have irregular plural forms. These irregular plurals do not follow a specific pattern and must be memorized. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! English Sentence !! Dari Sentence !! Transcription
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| میزها || mizha || tables
|-
| خانه‌ها || khaneha || houses
|-
|-
| A woman is walking on the street || یک زن روی خیابان راه می‌روید || yek zan ru-i khyābān rāh miravīd
| دانشگاه‌ها || daneshgahha || universities
|-
|-
| I need a pencil || یک خودکار نیاز دارم || yek khodkār niaz dāram
| شهرها || shahrha || cities
|-
|-
| An apple is on the table || سیبی روی میز است || sib-i ru-i mez ast
| کشورها || keshvarha || countries
|}
|}


In the examples above, we see the word "یک" (yek), which means "a" or "an". It is placed before the noun to indicate indefiniteness. The gender of the noun determines the form of the indefinite article.
As you can see, the plural forms of these nouns do not follow a consistent pattern. It is important to learn and memorize these irregular plurals to use them correctly in sentences.
 
== Cultural Insights ==
The concept of noun gender and the formation of plurals in Dari are deeply rooted in the language's history and cultural context. The gender classification of nouns reflects the cultural understanding of gender roles and distinctions in Afghan society. Additionally, the formation of plurals in Dari showcases the linguistic richness and complexity of the language. It is interesting to note that Dari, as a member of the Indo-Iranian language family, shares similarities with other languages in the region, such as Persian and Urdu, in terms of noun gender and plurals.
 
In Afghan culture, gender plays a significant role in social interactions and expectations. Understanding noun gender in Dari allows learners to navigate these cultural nuances and communicate effectively with native speakers. Additionally, learning about noun gender and plurals provides insights into the linguistic diversity and complexity of the Afghan culture.


== Conclusion ==
== Exercises ==
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of noun gender and plurals in Dari.
 
Exercise 1: Identify the Gender
For each of the following nouns, identify whether it is masculine or feminine. Write "M" for masculine and "F" for feminine.
 
1. پسر
2. مادر
3. دوست
4. خانم
5. مرد
6. کتاب
7. دست
8. دانشجوی
9. قلم
10. کمپیوتر
 
Exercise 2: Forming Plurals
Using the correct plural pattern, form the plural of each noun. Write the plural form of each noun in Dari.
 
1. پسر
2. مادر
3. دوست
4. خانم
5. مرد
6. کتاب
7. دست
8. دانشجوی
9. قلم
10. کمپیوتر
 
Exercise 3: Irregular Plurals
Write the plural form of each noun in Dari.
 
1. میز
2. خانه
3. دانشگاه
4. شهر
5. کشور
 
== Solutions ==
Exercise 1: Identify the Gender
1. پسر - M
2. مادر - F
3. دوست - M
4. خانم - F
5. مرد - M
6. کتاب - F
7. دست - F
8. دانشجوی - M
9. قلم - M
10. کمپیوتر - M
 
Exercise 2: Forming Plurals
1. پسرها
2. مادرها
3. دوستها
4. خانمها
5. مردها
6. کتابها
7. دستها
8. دانشجوها
9. قلمها
10. کمپیوترها


In this lesson, we have learned about the concept of noun gender in Dari and how to form plurals of common nouns. We have also covered the two types of articles in Dari: definite and indefinite. Remember, knowing the gender of a noun and how to form its plural is crucial for communicating effectively in Dari. With practice, you will soon master the ability to form sentences using nouns, articles, and plurals like a native Dari speaker. Good luck with your studies!
Exercise 3: Irregular Plurals
1. میزها
2. خانه‌ها
3. دانشگاه‌ها
4. شهرها
5. کشورها


== Conclusion ==
In this lesson, we explored the concept of noun gender in Dari and learned how to form plurals of common nouns. We discussed the different patterns for forming plurals and provided numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we explored the cultural significance of noun gender and plurals in Dari-speaking societies. By understanding noun gender and the formation of plurals, you have taken a significant step towards mastering the Dari language. Keep practicing and exploring the rich linguistic and cultural aspects of Dari, and you will continue to progress in your language journey.


<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Dari Grammar → Nouns and Articles → Noun Gender and Plurals
|title=Dari Grammar → Nouns and Articles → Noun Gender and Plurals
|keywords=Dari grammar, Dari language, Noun gender, noun plurals
|keywords=Dari, grammar, nouns, articles, noun gender, plurals, Dari language, language learning
|description=In this lesson, we will dive into the concept of noun gender in Dari and learn how to form plurals of common nouns.
|description=In this lesson, you will understand the concept of noun gender in Dari and learn how to form plurals of common nouns.
}}
}}


Line 137: Line 284:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 
 




Line 150: Line 300:
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]


{{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
{{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  

Latest revision as of 04:19, 22 June 2023

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Definite and Indefinite Articles ▶️

Dari-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Articles → Noun Gender and Plurals

Introduction: In this lesson, we will explore the concept of noun gender in Dari and learn how to form plurals of common nouns. Understanding noun gender and plurals is essential for developing a strong foundation in the Dari language. We will begin by discussing the importance of noun gender and its role in sentence construction. Then, we will delve into the rules and patterns for forming plurals in Dari. Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring a clear and thorough understanding of the topic. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of noun gender and plurals, as well as share interesting cultural facts related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of noun gender and the formation of plurals in Dari, allowing you to confidently use nouns in various contexts. So let's dive in!

Noun Gender in Dari[edit | edit source]

In many languages, including Dari, nouns are classified into different genders. Noun gender refers to the categorization of nouns into masculine, feminine, or sometimes even neuter categories. Understanding noun gender is important because it affects the form of articles, adjectives, and pronouns used with the noun, as well as the agreement of verbs and other grammatical elements in a sentence.

Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Masculine nouns in Dari typically end in the consonant "-ه" or "-ی". For example, let's consider the word "پسر" (pasar) which means "boy" in English. This noun ends in "-ه" and is classified as a masculine noun. Another example is the word "کتابی" (ketabi) which means "book" in English. This noun ends in "-ی" and is also considered masculine.

Here are some more examples of masculine nouns in Dari:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
پیراهن pirahan shirt
مرد mard man
دوست dust friend
قلم qalam pen
کمپیوتر kompyuter computer

As you can see, the endings "-ه" and "-ی" are common indicators of masculine nouns in Dari. However, it is important to note that not all nouns ending in these letters are necessarily masculine. Some exceptions do exist, and we will discuss them in detail later in this lesson.

Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Feminine nouns in Dari typically end in the vowel "-ه" or "-ی". For example, let's consider the word "دختر" (dokhtar) which means "girl" in English. This noun ends in "-ه" and is classified as a feminine noun. Another example is the word "زنی" (zani) which means "woman" in English. This noun ends in "-ی" and is also considered feminine.

Here are some more examples of feminine nouns in Dari:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کتاب ketab book
مادر madar mother
دست dast hand
خانم khanom lady
دانشجوی daneshjoo student (female)

Similar to masculine nouns, the endings "-ه" and "-ی" are often associated with feminine nouns in Dari. However, there are exceptions to this pattern, and we will explore them later in the lesson.

Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

Unlike some other languages, Dari does not have a separate gender category for neuter nouns. Instead, nouns that do not fall into the masculine or feminine categories are typically considered neuter. Neuter nouns in Dari do not have any specific endings that distinguish them from masculine or feminine nouns. Instead, they are identified based on their lack of gender-specific endings.

Here are some examples of neuter nouns in Dari:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
میز miz table
خانه khane house
دانشگاه daneshgah university
شهر shahr city
کشور keshvar country

As you can see, the neuter nouns in Dari do not exhibit any specific endings that indicate their gender. It is important to note that some nouns can be used as both masculine and feminine depending on the context. We will discuss these nouns further in the next section.

Plurals in Dari[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a basic understanding of noun gender in Dari, let's explore how to form plurals of common nouns. In Dari, there are several patterns for forming plurals, and the choice of pattern depends on the gender and ending of the noun. We will discuss the most common plural patterns in Dari and provide examples for each.

Plural Pattern 1: Adding "-ها"[edit | edit source]

One common pattern for forming plurals in Dari is by adding "-ها" to the end of the noun. This pattern is used for both masculine and feminine nouns that end in consonants other than "-ه" or "-ی".

Here are some examples:

Masculine nouns:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
پسرها pasara boys
مردها marada men
دوستها dustha friends
قلمها qalamha pens
کمپیوترها kompyuterha computers

Feminine nouns:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کتابها ketabha books
مادرها madarha mothers
دستها dastha hands
خانمها khanomha ladies
دانشجویها daneshjooha students (female)

As you can see, the plural form of the noun is created by adding the suffix "-ها" to the end of the noun. This pattern is applied to both masculine and feminine nouns that end in consonants other than "-ه" or "-ی".

Plural Pattern 2: Changing the Ending[edit | edit source]

Another common pattern for forming plurals in Dari is by changing the ending of the noun. This pattern is used for masculine nouns that end in "-ه" or "-ی" and feminine nouns that end in "-ه".

Here are some examples:

Masculine nouns ending in "-ه":

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
پیراهنها pirahanha shirts
مردها mardha men
دوستها dustha friends
قلمها qalamha pens
کمپیوترها kompyuterha computers

Masculine nouns ending in "-ی":

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کتابها ketabha books
دانشجوها daneshjuha students (male)
پاها paha feet
دستها dastha hands
خانها khanaha houses

Feminine nouns ending in "-ه":

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کتابها ketabha books
مادرها madarha mothers
دستها dastha hands
خانمها khanomha ladies
دانشجویها daneshjooha students (female)

As you can see, the ending of the noun changes when forming the plural. Masculine nouns ending in "-ه" or "-ی" have their ending replaced with "-ها", while feminine nouns ending in "-ه" have their ending replaced with "-ها".

Plural Pattern 3: Irregular Plurals[edit | edit source]

In addition to the regular plural patterns discussed above, there are also some nouns in Dari that have irregular plural forms. These irregular plurals do not follow a specific pattern and must be memorized. Here are some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
میزها mizha tables
خانه‌ها khaneha houses
دانشگاه‌ها daneshgahha universities
شهرها shahrha cities
کشورها keshvarha countries

As you can see, the plural forms of these nouns do not follow a consistent pattern. It is important to learn and memorize these irregular plurals to use them correctly in sentences.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The concept of noun gender and the formation of plurals in Dari are deeply rooted in the language's history and cultural context. The gender classification of nouns reflects the cultural understanding of gender roles and distinctions in Afghan society. Additionally, the formation of plurals in Dari showcases the linguistic richness and complexity of the language. It is interesting to note that Dari, as a member of the Indo-Iranian language family, shares similarities with other languages in the region, such as Persian and Urdu, in terms of noun gender and plurals.

In Afghan culture, gender plays a significant role in social interactions and expectations. Understanding noun gender in Dari allows learners to navigate these cultural nuances and communicate effectively with native speakers. Additionally, learning about noun gender and plurals provides insights into the linguistic diversity and complexity of the Afghan culture.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of noun gender and plurals in Dari.

Exercise 1: Identify the Gender For each of the following nouns, identify whether it is masculine or feminine. Write "M" for masculine and "F" for feminine.

1. پسر 2. مادر 3. دوست 4. خانم 5. مرد 6. کتاب 7. دست 8. دانشجوی 9. قلم 10. کمپیوتر

Exercise 2: Forming Plurals Using the correct plural pattern, form the plural of each noun. Write the plural form of each noun in Dari.

1. پسر 2. مادر 3. دوست 4. خانم 5. مرد 6. کتاب 7. دست 8. دانشجوی 9. قلم 10. کمپیوتر

Exercise 3: Irregular Plurals Write the plural form of each noun in Dari.

1. میز 2. خانه 3. دانشگاه 4. شهر 5. کشور

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Identify the Gender 1. پسر - M 2. مادر - F 3. دوست - M 4. خانم - F 5. مرد - M 6. کتاب - F 7. دست - F 8. دانشجوی - M 9. قلم - M 10. کمپیوتر - M

Exercise 2: Forming Plurals 1. پسرها 2. مادرها 3. دوستها 4. خانمها 5. مردها 6. کتابها 7. دستها 8. دانشجوها 9. قلمها 10. کمپیوترها

Exercise 3: Irregular Plurals 1. میزها 2. خانه‌ها 3. دانشگاه‌ها 4. شهرها 5. کشورها

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the concept of noun gender in Dari and learned how to form plurals of common nouns. We discussed the different patterns for forming plurals and provided numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we explored the cultural significance of noun gender and plurals in Dari-speaking societies. By understanding noun gender and the formation of plurals, you have taken a significant step towards mastering the Dari language. Keep practicing and exploring the rich linguistic and cultural aspects of Dari, and you will continue to progress in your language journey.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negations


Weather and Seasons


Past and Future Tenses


Dari Literature and Media



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Definite and Indefinite Articles ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Dari/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Plurals&oldid=284064"