Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Future-Tense"

Latest revision as of 06:33, 2 August 2024

◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️

Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Future Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Future Tense in Dari! Understanding the future tense is essential for expressing actions that will happen, allowing you to plan, predict, or simply share your thoughts about what is yet to come. Mastering this aspect of the language will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari, especially as you transition from a complete beginner to an A1 level speaker.

In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:

What is the Future Tense?[edit | edit source]

The future tense is used to describe actions that will occur after the present moment. In Dari, forming the future tense involves a particular structure that differs from English.

Forming the Future Tense[edit | edit source]

In Dari, the future tense is formed by using the present stem of the verb combined with specific suffixes. The structure is as follows:

For regular verbs, the future tense suffix is typically -م (for I), -ی (for you singular), -د (for he/she/it), -یم (for we), -ید (for you plural), -ند (for they).

Here's how it looks in practice:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
می‌روم	mīrawam	I will go
می‌روی	mīrawī	You will go (singular)
می‌رود	mīrawad	He/She/It will go
می‌رویم	mīrawīm	We will go
می‌روید	mīrawīd	You will go (plural)
می‌روند	mīrawand	They will go

Usage in Sentences[edit | edit source]

The future tense can be used in various types of sentences. Here are some examples demonstrating its usage:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
فردا به بازار می‌روم.	fardā ba bāzār mīrawam.	Tomorrow, I will go to the market.
او به مدرسه می‌رود.	ū ba madrase mīrawad.	He/She will go to school.
ما امروز غذا می‌خوریم.	mā emrūz ghazā mīkhurīm.	We will eat food today.
شما فردا می‌آید.	shumā fardā mīāyad.	You will come tomorrow.
آنها به سینما می‌روند.	ānhā ba sīnemā mīrawand.	They will go to the cinema.

Simple Future vs. Continuous Future[edit | edit source]

In Dari, there are two forms of future tense: the simple future and the continuous future.

1. Simple Future: This is used to express a general action that will take place.

Example: می‌خورم (I will eat).

2. Continuous Future: This describes an action that will be ongoing in the future.

This is formed by using the future tense of the verb بودن (to be) plus the present participle of the main verb.

Example: خواهم خورد (I will be eating).

To illustrate the differences between the two, let’s look at some examples:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
فردا می‌خوابم.	fardā mīkhwābam.	I will sleep tomorrow. (Simple Future)
فردا در حال خوابیدن خواهم بود.	fardā dar hāl-e khwābīdan khwāham bud.	I will be sleeping tomorrow. (Continuous Future)
او می‌خواند.	ū mīkhānad.	He/She will read. (Simple Future)
او در حال خواندن خواهد بود.	ū dar hāl-e khwāndan khāhad bud.	He/She will be reading. (Continuous Future)

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of the future tense, let's put it into practice! Here are ten exercises to help reinforce your learning.

1. Translate the following sentences into Dari using the future tense:

I will go to the park.

You will eat lunch.

They will play football.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the future tense:

من (خواندن) _______ کتاب.

او (رفتن) _______ به خانه.

ما (دیدن) _______ فیلم.

3. Convert the following simple future sentences into continuous future:

من می‌خوانم.

او می‌نویسد.

4. Identify whether the following sentences are in simple or continuous future:

من خواهم خورد.

او در حال مطالعه خواهد بود.

5. Create your own sentences in the future tense using the following verbs:

رفتن (to go)

خوردن (to eat)

دیدن (to see)

6. Match the following English sentences with their Dari translations in the future tense:

We will travel.

You will help.

They will come.

7. Conjugate the verb 'رفتن' (to go) in the future tense for all personal pronouns.

8. Write a short paragraph about your plans for tomorrow using the future tense.

9. Transform the following continuous future sentences to simple future:

من در حال کار کردن خواهم بود.

آنها در حال خرید هستند.

10. Practice listening comprehension by finding a short Dari poem or song and identify future tense verbs.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

1.

من به پارک می‌روم. (I will go to the park.)

شما ناهار می‌خورید. (You will eat lunch.)

آنها فوتبال بازی خواهند کرد. (They will play football.)

2.

من کتاب خواهم خواند. (I will read a book.)

او به خانه خواهد رفت. (He/She will go home.)

ما فیلم خواهیم دید. (We will see a movie.)

3.

من در حال خواندن خواهم بود. (I will be reading.)

او در حال نوشتن خواهد بود. (He/She will be writing.)

4.

من خواهم خورد. (Simple Future)

او در حال مطالعه خواهد بود. (Continuous Future)

5.

من می‌روم به پارک. (I will go to the park.)

من می‌خورم ناهار. (I will eat lunch.)

من می‌بینم فیلم. (I will see a movie.)

6.

ما سفر خواهیم کرد. (We will travel.)

شما کمک خواهید کرد. (You will help.)

آنها خواهند آمد. (They will come.)

7.

می‌روم، می‌روی، می‌رود، می‌رویم، می‌روید، می‌روند.

8. (This is a personalized response, so students will write their own.)

9.

من خواهم کار کرد. (I will work.)

آنها خواهند خرید. (They will shop.)

10. (Students will need to listen and identify verbs.)

As you can see, understanding the future tense in Dari allows you to express your intentions and plans with clarity. Keep practicing, and soon you'll feel more confident using this essential aspect of the language.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negations

Weather and Seasons

Past and Future Tenses

Dari Literature and Media

Videos[edit | edit source]

Future tense in Farsi Dari language - آموزش زبان فارسی دری - زمان ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

A Learner's Grammar of Dari

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Culture/Famous-Dari-Writers|Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Dari-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Future Tense</div>
+Welcome to our lesson on the '''Future Tense''' in Dari! Understanding the future tense is essential for expressing actions that will happen, allowing you to plan, predict, or simply share your thoughts about what is yet to come. Mastering this aspect of the language will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari, especially as you transition from a complete beginner to an A1 level speaker.
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past and Future Tenses → Future Tense</div>
+In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:
 __TOC__
-== Introduction ==
+=== What is the Future Tense? ===
+The future tense is used to describe actions that will occur after the present moment. In Dari, forming the future tense involves a particular structure that differs from English.
+=== Forming the Future Tense ===
+In Dari, the future tense is formed by using the present stem of the verb combined with specific suffixes. The structure is as follows:
+* For regular verbs, the future tense suffix is typically '''-م''' (for I), '''-ی''' (for you singular), '''-د''' (for he/she/it), '''-یم''' (for we), '''-ید''' (for you plural), '''-ند''' (for they).
+Here's how it looks in practice:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| می‌روم  || mīrawam || I will go
+|-
+| می‌روی  || mīrawī || You will go (singular)
+|-
+| می‌رود  || mīrawad || He/She/It will go
+|-
+| می‌رویم || mīrawīm || We will go
+|-
-In Dari, the future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. In this lesson, you will learn how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
+| می‌روید || mīrawīd || You will go (plural)
+|-
-<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
+| می‌روند || mīrawand || They will go
-== Formation of the Future Tense ==
-To form the future tense in Dari, you need to use the present tense base form of the verb and add specific suffixes. The suffixes used for the future tense are "-وه" and "-يم".
+|}
-The suffix "-وه" is added to the end of the verb to indicate the simple future tense. It is used for the third person singular and plural subjects. The suffix "-يم" is added to the end of the verb to indicate the continuous future tense. It is used for all subjects.
+=== Usage in Sentences ===
-Here is the table below showing the formation of the future tense:
+The future tense can be used in various types of sentences. Here are some examples demonstrating its usage:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Person !! Simple Future Suffix !! Continuous Future Suffix
+! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| First Person Singular (I) || نمی‌ + Verb + يم || Verb +  "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + يم
+| فردا به بازار می‌روم. || fardā ba bāzār mīrawam. || Tomorrow, I will go to the market.
 |-
-| Second Person Singular (You) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| او به مدرسه می‌رود. || ū ba madrase mīrawad. || He/She will go to school.
 |-
-| Third Person Singular (He or She) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| ما امروز غذا می‌خوریم. || mā emrūz ghazā mīkhurīm. || We will eat food today.
 |-
-| First Person Plural (We) || نمی‌ + Verb + یم || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + يم
+| شما فردا می‌آید. || shumā fardā mīāyad. || You will come tomorrow.
 |-
-| Second Person Plural (You) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| آنها به سینما می‌روند. || ānhā ba sīnemā mīrawand. || They will go to the cinema.
+|}
+=== Simple Future vs. Continuous Future ===
+In Dari, there are two forms of future tense: the '''simple future''' and the '''continuous future'''.
+. '''Simple Future''': This is used to express a general action that will take place.
+* Example: می‌خورم (I will eat).
+. '''Continuous Future''': This describes an action that will be ongoing in the future.
+* This is formed by using the future tense of the verb '''بودن''' (to be) plus the present participle of the main verb.
+* Example: خواهم خورد (I will be eating).
+To illustrate the differences between the two, let’s look at some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| فردا می‌خوابم. || fardā mīkhwābam. || I will sleep tomorrow. (Simple Future)
 |-
-| Third Person Plural (They) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| فردا در حال خوابیدن خواهم بود. || fardā dar hāl-e khwābīdan khwāham bud. || I will be sleeping tomorrow. (Continuous Future)
+|-
+| او می‌خواند. || ū mīkhānad. || He/She will read. (Simple Future)
+|-
+| او در حال خواندن خواهد بود. || ū dar hāl-e khwāndan khāhad bud. || He/She will be reading. (Continuous Future)
 |}
-For example, to say "I will eat" in Dari, you can say "نمی‌خورم" for simple future or "من در حال خوردن هستم" for continuous future.
+=== Practice Exercises ===
+Now that you have a solid understanding of the future tense, let's put it into practice! Here are ten exercises to help reinforce your learning.
+. '''Translate the following sentences into Dari using the future tense:'''
+* I will go to the park.
+* You will eat lunch.
+* They will play football.
+. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the future tense:'''
+* من (خواندن) _______ کتاب.
+* او (رفتن) _______ به خانه.
+* ما (دیدن) _______ فیلم.
+. '''Convert the following simple future sentences into continuous future:'''
+* من می‌خوانم.
+* او می‌نویسد.
+. '''Identify whether the following sentences are in simple or continuous future:'''
+* من خواهم خورد.
+* او در حال مطالعه خواهد بود.
+. '''Create your own sentences in the future tense using the following verbs:'''
+* رفتن (to go)
+* خوردن (to eat)
+* دیدن (to see)
+. '''Match the following English sentences with their Dari translations in the future tense:'''
+* We will travel.
+* You will help.
+* They will come.
+. '''Conjugate the verb 'رفتن' (to go) in the future tense for all personal pronouns.'''
+. '''Write a short paragraph about your plans for tomorrow using the future tense.'''
+. '''Transform the following continuous future sentences to simple future:'''
+* من در حال کار کردن خواهم بود.
+* آنها در حال خرید هستند.
+. '''Practice listening comprehension by finding a short Dari poem or song and identify future tense verbs.'''
+=== Solutions and Explanations ===
+.
+* من به پارک می‌روم. (I will go to the park.)
+* شما ناهار می‌خورید. (You will eat lunch.)
+* آنها فوتبال بازی خواهند کرد. (They will play football.)
+.
+* من کتاب خواهم خواند. (I will read a book.)
+* او به خانه خواهد رفت. (He/She will go home.)
+* ما فیلم خواهیم دید. (We will see a movie.)
+.
+* من در حال خواندن خواهم بود. (I will be reading.)
+* او در حال نوشتن خواهد بود. (He/She will be writing.)
+.
-== Usage of the Future Tense ==
+* من خواهم خورد. (Simple Future)
-The future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. It is often used to make plans, arrangements, or predictions about the future.
+* او در حال مطالعه خواهد بود. (Continuous Future)
-Here are some examples of how the future tense can be used in Dari:
+.
-* بعد از شام، کتاب می‌خوانم.
+* من می‌روم به پارک. (I will go to the park.)
-(Baad az shaam, ketab mikhaanam.)
-After dinner, I will read a book.
-* فردا صبح، او با دوستش قرار می‌گذارد.
+* من می‌خورم ناهار. (I will eat lunch.)
-(Farda sobh, u ba dustash gharar migzarad.)
-Tomorrow morning, he is meeting his friend.
-* ما به هند خواهیم رفت.
+* من می‌بینم فیلم. (I will see a movie.)
-(Maa be Hind khahim raft.)
-We will go to India.
-* آیا فردا باران می‌بارد؟
+.
-(Aaya farda baaran mibaarad?)
-Will it rain tomorrow?
-== Simple vs Continuous Future ==
+* ما سفر خواهیم کرد. (We will travel.)
-In Dari, the difference between the simple and continuous future is the duration of the action or event. The simple future tense is used for actions or events that will be completed in the future at a specific time, while the continuous future tense is used for actions or events that will be ongoing or in progress in the future.
+* شما کمک خواهید کرد. (You will help.)
-Here are two examples below:
+* آنها خواهند آمد. (They will come.)
-* ساعت ۷ بعد از ظهر، من خانه می‌روم. (Saat 7 baad az zohr, man khane miravam.)
-At 7 o'clock in the afternoon, I will go home. (simple future - the action will be completed in the future at a specific time)
-* فردا من در حال نوشتن کتاب خود هستم. (Farda man dar haal noosh-e-tan-e ketab-e khod hastam.)
+.
-Tomorrow, I will be writing my book. (continuous future - the action will be ongoing or in progress in the future)
-== Exercises ==
+* می‌روم، می‌روی، می‌رود، می‌رویم، می‌روید، می‌روند.
-. Translate the following sentences into Dari:
+. (This is a personalized response, so students will write their own.)
-* They will read a book tomorrow.
+.
-* I will visit my family next week.
-* Will you come to my birthday party?
-* The train will arrive at the station at 10 pm.
-. Write ten sentences in Dari using the future tense.
+* من خواهم کار کرد. (I will work.)
-== Conclusion ==
+* آنها خواهند خرید. (They will shop.)
-In this lesson, you learned how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future. You also got some exercises to practice and improve your skills in using the future tense. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel confident in talking about future events or actions in Dari.
+. (Students will need to listen and identify verbs.)
+As you can see, understanding the future tense in Dari allows you to express your intentions and plans with clarity. Keep practicing, and soon you'll feel more confident using this essential aspect of the language.
-<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions|Basic Prepositions]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Dari Grammar: Past and Future Tenses: Future Tense
-|keywords=Dari language,future tense Dari,continuous future tense Dari,simple future tense Dari
+|title=Dari Grammar: Future Tense
-|description=Learn about the future tense in Dari, including how to form it, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
+|keywords=Dari future tense, Dari grammar, learning Dari, future tense in Dari, Dari language, Dari for beginners, simple future, continuous future
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the future tense in Dari, including simple and continuous future forms, with plenty of examples and exercises.
 }}
-{{Dari-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Dari-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 100: / Line 265: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 108: / Line 271: @@
 ===Future tense in Farsi Dari language - آموزش زبان فارسی دری - زمان ...===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYiQ8uBa_1Y</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Definite-and-Indefinite-Articles|Definite and Indefinite Articles]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Asking-Questions|Asking Questions]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions|Basic Prepositions]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Describing-People-and-Things|Describing People and Things]]
 {{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Culture/Famous-Dari-Writers|Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>