Language/Hindi/Grammar/Basic-Verbs

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Hindi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Verbs

Welcome to this exciting lesson on basic verbs in Hindi! Understanding verbs is fundamental to communicating effectively in any language, and in Hindi, it’s no different. Verbs are the action words that allow us to describe what we do, what we have, and where we go. This lesson is designed for complete beginners who have just started their journey into the beautiful world of Hindi.

In this lesson, we will explore some of the most common verbs in Hindi, including to be, to have, to go, to come, and to do. We will learn how to conjugate these verbs in the present tense, which is essential for forming basic sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will not only know these verbs but also feel confident using them in everyday conversations.

Here’s a brief outline of what we will cover in this lesson:

• Introduction to Basic Verbs

• Common Basic Verbs with Examples

• Present Tense Conjugation

• Practice Exercises

• Summary

Introduction to Basic Verbs

Verbs are integral to communication as they express actions, states, or occurrences. In Hindi, verbs can change form based on the subject's gender and number (singular or plural). It’s crucial to understand how to use them correctly to convey your thoughts clearly.

In this lesson, we will focus on five fundamental verbs. Let's begin!

Common Basic Verbs with Examples

Here are the basic verbs we will explore today along with their meanings and examples:

1. To Be (है - hai)

This verb is essential for making statements about existence and identity.

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
मैं हूँ	main hū̃	I am
तुम हो	tum ho	You are (informal)
वह है	vah hai	He/She is
हम हैं	ham hain	We are
आप हैं	āp hain	You are (formal)
वे हैं	ve hain	They are

2. To Have (है - hai)

In Hindi, the verb "to have" is often expressed using the same verb as "to be." However, context will clarify its meaning.

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
मेरे पास एक किताब है	mere pās ek kitāb hai	I have a book
तुम्हारे पास एक पेन है	tumhāre pās ek pen hai	You have a pen
उसके पास एक घर है	uske pās ek ghar hai	He/She has a house
हमारे पास दो बिल्लियाँ हैं	hamāre pās do billiā̃ hain	We have two cats
आपके पास क्या है?	āpke pās kyā hai?	What do you have?
उनके पास बहुत पैसे हैं	unke pās bahut paisē hain	They have a lot of money

3. To Go (जाना - jānā)

This verb indicates movement from one place to another.

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
मैं जाता हूँ	main jātā hū̃	I go (male)
मैं जाती हूँ	main jātī hū̃	I go (female)
तुम जाते हो	tum jātē ho	You go (informal, male)
तुम जाती हो	tum jātī ho	You go (informal, female)
वह जाता है	vah jātā hai	He goes
वह जाती है	vah jātī hai	She goes
हम जाते हैं	ham jātē hain	We go
वे जाते हैं	ve jātē hain	They go

4. To Come (आना - ānā)

This verb describes the action of arriving at a place.

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
मैं आता हूँ	main ātā hū̃	I come (male)
मैं आती हूँ	main ātī hū̃	I come (female)
तुम आते हो	tum ātē ho	You come (informal, male)
तुम आती हो	tum ātī ho	You come (informal, female)
वह आता है	vah ātā hai	He comes
वह आती है	vah ātī hai	She comes
हम आते हैं	ham ātē hain	We come
वे आते हैं	ve ātē hain	They come

5. To Do (करना - karnā)

This versatile verb is used for performing actions.

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
मैं करता हूँ	main kartā hū̃	I do (male)
मैं करती हूँ	main kartī hū̃	I do (female)
तुम करते हो	tum karte ho	You do (informal, male)
तुम करती हो	tum kartī ho	You do (informal, female)
वह करता है	vah kartā hai	He does
वह करती है	vah kartī hai	She does
हम करते हैं	ham karte hain	We do
वे करते हैं	ve karte hain	They do

Present Tense Conjugation

In Hindi, verbs are conjugated based on the subject. Here’s how to conjugate the basic verbs in the present tense:

1. To Be (है - hai):

• Singular: मैं हूँ (main hū̃), तुम हो (tum ho), वह है (vah hai)

• Plural: हम हैं (ham hain), आप हैं (āp hain), वे हैं (ve hain)

2. To Have (है - hai):

• Same as "to be," but depends on context.

3. To Go (जाना - jānā):

• Male: मैं जाता हूँ (main jātā hū̃), तुम जाते हो (tum jātē ho), वह जाता है (vah jātā hai)

• Female: मैं जाती हूँ (main jātī hū̃), तुम जाती हो (tum jātī ho), वह जाती है (vah jātī hai)

• Plural: हम जाते हैं (ham jātē hain), वे जाते हैं (ve jātē hain)

4. To Come (आना - ānā):

• Male: मैं आता हूँ (main ātā hū̃), तुम आते हो (tum ātē ho), वह आता है (vah ātā hai)

• Female: मैं आती हूँ (main ātī hū̃), तुम आती हो (tum ātī ho), वह आती है (vah ātī hai)

• Plural: हम आते हैं (ham ātē hain), वे आते हैं (ve ātē hain)

5. To Do (करना - karnā):

• Male: मैं करता हूँ (main kartā hū̃), तुम करते हो (tum karte ho), वह करता है (vah kartā hai)

• Female: मैं करती हूँ (main kartī hū̃), तुम करती हो (tum kartī ho), वह करती है (vah kartī hai)

• Plural: हम करते हैं (ham karte hain), वे करते हैं (ve karte hain)

Practice Exercises

Now, let’s put your new knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.

1. मैं _____ (to be) एक छात्र हूँ।

2. तुम _____ (to go) स्कूल।

3. वह _____ (to have) एक नया खिलौना।

4. हम _____ (to do) होमवर्क।

5. वे _____ (to come) कल।

Answers:

1. हूँ (hū̃)

2. जाते हो (jātē ho)

3. है (hai)

4. करते हैं (karte hain)

5. आएँगे (āeṅge)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences from English to Hindi.

1. I am a teacher.

2. You have a car.

3. She goes to the market.

4. They come to my house.

5. We do yoga.

Answers:

1. मैं एक शिक्षक हूँ। (main ek shikshak hū̃)

2. तुम्हारे पास एक कार है। (tumhāre pās ek kār hai)

3. वह बाजार जाती है। (vah bāzār jātī hai)

4. वे मेरे घर आते हैं। (ve mere ghar ātē hain)

5. हम योग करते हैं। (ham yog karte hain)

Exercise 3: Conjugate the Verbs

Conjugate the following verbs based on the subject given in parentheses.

1. (मैं) _____ (to come)

2. (वह) _____ (to go)

3. (हम) _____ (to do)

4. (आप) _____ (to have)

5. (तुम) _____ (to be)

Answers:

1. आता हूँ / आती हूँ (ātā hū̃ / ātī hū̃)

2. जाता है / जाती है (jātā hai / jātī hai)

3. करते हैं (karte hain)

4. हैं (hain)

5. हो (ho)

Exercise 4: Create Sentences

Use the verbs to create sentences based on the prompts below.

1. I (to have) a pet.

2. She (to come) to the party.

3. We (to do) the chores.

4. They (to go) to the park.

5. You (to be) happy.

Answers:

1. मेरे पास एक पालतू जानवर है। (mere pās ek pāltū jānvar hai)

2. वह पार्टी में आती है। (vah pārṭī mein ātī hai)

3. हम काम करते हैं। (ham kām karte hain)

4. वे पार्क जाते हैं। (ve pārk jātē hain)

5. तुम खुश हो। (tum khush ho)

Exercise 5: Match the Sentences

Match the Hindi sentences with their English translations.

1. मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ।

2. वह एक अच्छा बच्चा है।

3. हम घर जाते हैं।

4. तुम क्या करते हो?

5. वे मेरे दोस्त हैं।

A. What do you do?

B. I go to school.

C. They are my friends.

D. He is a good boy.

E. We go home.

Answers:

1 - B, 2 - D, 3 - E, 4 - A, 5 - C

Exercise 6: Identify the Verbs

Read the sentences and underline the verbs.

1. मैं सुबह जल्दी उठता हूँ।

2. तुम बाजार जा रहे हो।

3. वह मेरे साथ खेलती है।

4. हम फिल्म देख रहे हैं।

5. वे पढ़ाई कर रहे हैं।

Answers:

1. उठता (uṭhātā),

2. जा (jā)

3. खेलती (kheltī)

4. देख (dekh)

5. कर (kar)

Exercise 7: Create Dialogues

Create a short dialogue using the verbs learned in this lesson. Use at least three different verbs.

Example:

A: तुम कहाँ जा रहे हो? (Tum kahān jā rahe ho?)

B: मैं बाजार जा रहा हूँ। (Main bāzār jā rahā hū̃.)

Answers will vary based on student creativity.

Exercise 8: True or False

Read the statements and determine if they are true or false.

1. "मैं जाती हूँ" is used when a male speaks.

2. "वह आता है" is correct for a female subject.

3. "हम करते हैं" means "We do."

4. "तुम हो" is formal.

5. "वे हैं" means "They are."

Answers:

1. False

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. True

Exercise 9: Verb Conjugation Quiz

Conjugate the verb "to be" for the subject given in parentheses.

1. (मैं) _____

2. (तुम) _____

3. (वह) _____

4. (हम) _____

5. (वे) _____

Answers:

1. हूँ (hū̃)

2. हो (ho)

3. है (hai)

4. हैं (hain)

5. हैं (hain)

Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph

Write a short paragraph about your daily routine using at least five different verbs from this lesson.

Example Response:

मैं सुबह उठता हूँ, नाश्ता करता हूँ, और स्कूल जाता हूँ। मैं शाम को खेलता हूँ और होमवर्क करता हूँ।

Summary

Congratulations! You have completed this lesson on basic verbs in Hindi. You have learned how to use the essential verbs "to be," "to have," "to go," "to come," and "to do" in the present tense. Remember, practice is key when learning a new language, so don’t hesitate to revisit these verbs and practice using them in conversation.

Keep up the great work, and look forward to the next lesson where we will dive into numbers and time. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Hindi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Pronouns and Verbs

• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verbs

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Questions and Negations

• Question Words
• Negation

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Indian Names and Titles

• Common Indian Names
• Addressing People

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Ordering at a Restaurant

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Adverbs of Manner

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

  ---

Indian Festivals and Holidays

• Major Festivals
• Public Holidays

Sources

• A Beginner's Guide to Basic Hindi Grammar
• A Complete Guide To Hindi Tenses | Superprof
• Top 25 Hindi Verbs - HindiPod101

Other Lessons

• Pronouns
• Verbs and Conjugation
• Plurals
• Imperative Mood
• Gender
• How to Use Be
• Adjectives and Adverbs
• Questions
• Negation

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