Language/Hindi/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Welcome to the lesson on Descriptive Adjectives in Hindi! Adjectives play a crucial role in any language as they allow us to provide more information about people, places, and things. In this lesson, we will focus on learning descriptive adjectives in Hindi, which will enable you to describe various attributes such as color, size, shape, and more. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use descriptive adjectives in Hindi sentences.
Descriptive Adjectives[edit | edit source]
Descriptive adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. In Hindi, adjectives change their form based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they are modifying. Let's explore the different aspects of descriptive adjectives in Hindi:
Gender Agreement[edit | edit source]
In Hindi, adjectives agree with the gender of the noun they are modifying. This means that if the noun is feminine, the adjective must also be in the feminine form, and if the noun is masculine, the adjective must be in the masculine form. For example:
| Hindi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| बड़ा (bada) | bəɽa | big (masculine) |
| बड़ी (badi) | bəɽi | big (feminine) |
As you can see in the table above, the adjective "बड़ा" (bada) changes to "बड़ी" (badi) to agree with the gender of the noun it is modifying. Let's look at some more examples:
| Hindi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| सुंदर (sundar) | sʊndəɾ | beautiful (masculine) |
| सुंदरी (sundari) | sʊndəri | beautiful (feminine) |
In the above example, the adjective "सुंदर" (sundar) changes to "सुंदरी" (sundari) to match the gender of the noun it is describing.
Number Agreement[edit | edit source]
Similar to gender agreement, adjectives in Hindi also change their form based on the number of the noun they are modifying. If the noun is singular, the adjective must be in the singular form, and if the noun is plural, the adjective must be in the plural form. Let's see some examples:
| Hindi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| लंबा (lamba) | ləmba | tall (masculine singular) |
| लंबी (lambi) | ləmbi | tall (feminine singular) |
| लंबे (lambe) | ləmbe | tall (masculine plural) |
| लंबी (lambi) | ləmbi | tall (feminine plural) |
As shown in the table above, the adjective "लंबा" (lamba) changes to "लंबी" (lambi) for feminine singular nouns and to "लंबे" (lambe) for masculine plural nouns.
Case Agreement[edit | edit source]
In addition to gender and number agreement, adjectives in Hindi also change their form based on the case of the noun they are modifying. Hindi has three cases: nominative, accusative, and oblique. The adjective form varies depending on the case of the noun. Let's take a look at some examples:
| Hindi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| अच्छा (acchā) | ətʃʰaː | good (masculine) |
| अच्छी (acchī) | ətʃʰiː | good (feminine) |
| अच्छे (acche) | ətʃʰeː | good (masculine plural) |
| अच्छी (acchī) | ətʃʰiː | good (feminine plural) |
In the above example, the adjective "अच्छा" (acchā) becomes "अच्छी" (acchī) for feminine nouns in the nominative case.
Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]
Hindi is a language that is rich in culture, and the usage of adjectives is influenced by regional variations and historical reasons. Different regions within India may have specific adjectives that are commonly used or have different connotations. For example, in Northern India, the adjective "ठंडा" (ṭhaṇḍā) is often used to describe something cold, while in Southern India, the adjective "सीता" (sītā) is used to describe something cold. These regional differences add depth and diversity to the Hindi language.
Furthermore, historical reasons have also shaped the usage of adjectives in Hindi. Hindi has been influenced by various languages, including Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic. As a result, Hindi adjectives have borrowed words and expressions from these languages, enriching the language and giving it a unique flavor. For example, the adjective "ख़ूबसूरत" (khoobsurat) meaning beautiful, is derived from Persian.
Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now that you have learned about descriptive adjectives in Hindi, let's practice using them in sentences. Translate the following English sentences into Hindi using the appropriate adjectives:
1. The red apple is delicious. 2. She is wearing a long blue dress. 3. The small boy is playing with a yellow ball. 4. The white flowers are blooming in the garden. 5. We bought two big watermelons.
Solutions:
1. लाल सेब स्वादिष्ट है। (lāl seb svādiṣṭ hai) 2. वह एक लंबी नीली पोशाक पहन रही है। (vah ek lambī nīlī poshāk pahan rahī hai) 3. छोटा लड़का पीले गेंद के साथ खेल रहा है। (chhoṭā laḍkā pīle gend ke sāth khel rahā hai) 4. सफेद फूल बगीचे में खिल रहे हैं। (safed phūl bagīche meṁ khil rahe haiṁ) 5. हमने दो बड़े तरबूज़ ख़रीदे। (hamne do baṛe tarbūz kharīde)
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Descriptive Adjectives in Hindi! In this lesson, you learned about the importance of adjectives in providing more information about nouns. We explored gender agreement, number agreement, and case agreement in Hindi adjectives. We also discovered how regional variations and historical reasons have influenced the usage of adjectives in Hindi. Keep practicing the usage of adjectives in your Hindi sentences to further enhance your language skills. Good luck!
Videos[edit | edit source]
Describing words in Hindi....for kids - YouTube[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Give your Opinion
- Present Tense
- Negation
- Personal Pronouns
- Adjectives
- Be Polite
- 0 to A1 Course
- Nouns
- Question Words
- Pronouns
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