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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
 
In our journey through the beautiful and vibrant world of the Panjabi language, we now arrive at a crucial milestone: the Present Tense. Understanding how to express actions happening right now is foundational for effective communication. The present tense allows us to share our daily activities, express our thoughts, and engage in conversations about our lives.
 
In this lesson, we will dive deep into the structure and usage of the present tense in Panjabi. We will explore how to form simple sentences, identify subjects and verbs, and use everyday vocabulary to make our communication more lively and relatable. By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to construct meaningful sentences that reflect your everyday life, enhancing your ability to connect with Panjabi speakers.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of the Present Tense ===
 
The present tense is essential for several reasons:
 
* It allows you to describe ongoing actions.
 
* It helps in expressing habits and routines.
 
* It forms the basis for more complex sentence structures in the future.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
1. '''Overview of Present Tense Formation'''
 
2. '''Examples of Present Tense Usage'''
 
3. '''Common Verbs in Present Tense'''
 
4. '''Simple Sentence Construction'''
 
5. '''Exercises for Practice'''
 
6. '''Solutions and Explanations'''
 
== Overview of Present Tense Formation ==
 
In Panjabi, the present tense is typically formed using the base form of the verb. The structure of a simple sentence follows the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order.
 
=== Basic Sentence Structure ===
 
A simple present tense sentence in Panjabi consists of:
 
* '''Subject''': The doer of the action (who is doing something).
 
* '''Object''': The receiver of the action (what is being done).
 
* '''Verb''': The action being performed.
 
For example, in the sentence "I eat an apple" (ਮੈਂ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ), "I" is the subject, "apple" is the object, and "eat" is the verb.
 
=== Conjugation of Regular Verbs ===
 
Regular verbs in Panjabi usually follow a predictable pattern. Here’s a basic outline of how to conjugate a regular verb in the present tense:
 
* For masculine singular subjects, use the base form + "ਦਾ" (da).
 
* For feminine singular subjects, use the base form + "ਦੀ" (di).
 
* For plural subjects, use the base form + "ਦੇ" (de).
 
=== Examples of Present Tense Usage ===
 
Let's look at some examples to illustrate how this works:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ khāndā hāṁ || I eat (male speaker)
 
|-
 
| ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦੀ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ khāndī hāṁ || I eat (female speaker)
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ || uh khāndā hai || He eats
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਖਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ || uh khāndī hai || She eats


In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in the Panjabi language. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening now or regularly occur. Understanding how to use verbs in the present tense is essential for forming simple sentences in Panjabi. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use the present tense and express yourself in Panjabi.
|-


== Structure of the Lesson ==
| ਅਸੀਂ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ || asīṁ khāndē hāṁ || We eat


1. Introduction to the Present Tense
|-
2. Formation of Present Tense Verbs
3. Present Tense Conjugations
4. Present Tense Usage
5. Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Panjabi Culture
6. Practice Exercises
7. Solutions and Explanations


== Introduction to the Present Tense ==
| ਤੁਸੀਂ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ || tusīṁ khāndē ho || You eat (plural/formal)


The present tense is a verb form that expresses an action or state of being in the present time. In Panjabi, verbs in the present tense are used to describe actions that are happening now or regularly occur. By learning how to use the present tense, you will be able to communicate effectively in everyday conversations.
|-


== Formation of Present Tense Verbs ==
| ਉਹ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ || uh khāndē han || They eat


To form the present tense in Panjabi, we usually add specific suffixes to the verb stem. The verb stem is the base form of the verb without any added suffixes. The suffixes used to form the present tense depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject.
|}


Let's take a look at the formation of present tense verbs with some examples:
=== Common Verbs in Present Tense ===
 
Here are some common verbs you will frequently use in the present tense:
 
* '''ਕਰਨਾ (karna)''' - to do
 
* '''ਜਾਣਾ (jāṇā)''' - to go
 
* '''ਆਉਣਾ (āuṇā)''' - to come
 
* '''ਦੇਖਣਾ (dēkhṇā)''' - to see
 
* '''ਸੁਣਨਾ (suṇnā)''' - to hear
 
Let's see these verbs in action:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ਮੈਂ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਾਂ || Main paṛdā hāṁ || I read
 
| ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ karadā hāṁ || I do (male speaker)
 
|-
 
| ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦੀ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ kardī hāṁ || I do (female speaker)
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ || uh jāndā hai || He goes
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ || uh āuṇdī hai || She comes
 
|-
|-
| ਤੂੰ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ || Tū̃ paṛdā hai || You read (singular)
 
| ਅਸੀਂ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹਾਂ || asīṁ dēkhadē hāṁ || We see
 
|-
 
| ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹੋ || tusīṁ suṇdē ho || You hear (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ || uh kardē han || They do
 
|}
 
== Simple Sentence Construction ==
 
Now that we have a good grasp of the verbs, let’s construct simple sentences.
 
=== Sentence Patterns ===
 
* '''Subject + Verb + Object'''
 
* Example: "I see the book."
 
* In Panjabi: "ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇਖਦਾ ਹਾਂ" (maiṁ kitāb dēkhdā hāṁ).
 
* '''Subject + Verb'''
 
* Example: "She sings."
 
* In Panjabi: "ਉਹ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ" (uh gāuṇdī hai).
 
=== Practice with Simple Sentences ===
 
Here are some more examples of simple sentences in the present tense:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ਉਹ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ || Uh paṛdā hai || He reads
 
| ਮੈਂ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਦਾ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ cāh pīdā hāṁ || I drink tea (male speaker)
 
|-
|-
| ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ || Us ne paṛdā hai || She reads
 
| ਉਹ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ || uh kama kardī hai || She works
 
|-
|-
| ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਾਂ || Āsī̃ paṛde hāṁ || We read
 
| ਅਸੀਂ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਹਾਂ || asīṁ khēḍadē hāṁ || We play
 
|-
|-
| ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹੋ || Tusī̃ paṛde ho || You read (plural)
 
| ਉਹ ਗਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ || uh gāuṇdē han || They sing
 
|-
|-
| ਉਹਾਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਨ || Uhā̃ paṛde han || They read
 
| ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹੋ || tusīṁ paṛhadē ho || You read (plural/formal)
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, you can see that the suffixes "-ਦਾ ਹਾਂ" (-dā hāṁ) and "-ਦਾ ਹੈ" (-dā hai) are added to the verb stem to form the present tense. The suffix "-ਦਾ" (-dā) indicates that the action is happening in the present, and the suffix "ਹਾਂ" (hāṁ) or "ਹੈ" (hai) indicates the person and number of the subject.
== Exercises for Practice ==
 
Now that you are familiar with the present tense, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to practice what you've learned.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in present tense.
 
1. ਮੈਂ ___________ (ਖਾਣਾ) || I ___________ (to eat)
 
2. ਉਹ ___________ (ਜਾਣਾ) || He ___________ (to go)
 
3. ਅਸੀਂ ___________ (ਦੇਖਣਾ) || We ___________ (to see)
 
4. ਤੁਸੀਂ ___________ (ਕਰਨਾ) || You ___________ (to do)
 
5. ਉਹ ___________ (ਸੁਣਨਾ) || They ___________ (to hear)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ===
 
Translate the following English sentences into Panjabi.
 
1. I play cricket.


== Present Tense Conjugations ==
2. She drinks water.


The present tense conjugations in Panjabi vary based on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a closer look at the conjugations for each pronoun:
3. They come to the party.


=== Singular Pronouns ===
4. We eat food.


1. First person singular (I) - ਮੈਂ (Main)
5. You read a book.
2. Second person singular (you) - ਤੂੰ (Tū̃)
3. Third person singular (he/she) - ਉਹ (Uh)


=== Plural Pronouns ===
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Construction ===


1. First person plural (we) - ਅਸੀਂ (Āsī̃)
Construct sentences using the following prompts.
2. Second person plural (you all) - ਤੁਸੀਂ (Tusī̃)
3. Third person plural (they) - ਉਹਾਂ (Uhā̃)


By combining the pronouns with the appropriate verb forms, we can create sentences in the present tense. Here are some examples:
1. I (to do) yoga.


* ਮੈਂ ਸੋਚਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main socẖdā hāṁ) - I think
2. He (to go) to the market.
* ਤੂੰ ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ gāuṃdā hai) - You sing
* ਉਹ ਚੱਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh cẖalda hai) - He walks
* ਉਸ ਨੇ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne khāṃdā hai) - She eats
* ਅਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ suṇde hāṁ) - We listen
* ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਰਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ parāṃde ho) - You all fly
* ਉਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ bolde han) - They speak


== Present Tense Usage ==
3. She (to sing) a song.


The present tense in Panjabi is used to describe actions that are happening now or regularly occur. It is also used to express general truths, habits, and scheduled events. Here are some common uses of the present tense:
4. We (to drink) milk.


1. Actions happening now: ਹੁਣ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ? (Huṇ kī kar rahe ho?) - What are you doing now?
5. You (to see) the movie.
2. Habits and routines: ਉਹ ਹਰ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh har savere prārthanā kardā hai) - He prays every morning.
3. General truths: ਸੂਰਜ ਪੱਖੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਉਚਾਂਵਾਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ (Sūraj pakẖīā̃ dī tarhā̃ ucẖā̃vā̃ kardā hai) - The sun rises like birds.
4. Scheduled events: ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮ 7 ਵਜੇ ਹੈ (Prōgrām dā samā̃ śām 7 vaje hai) - The program is at 7 pm.


== Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Panjabi Culture ==
=== Exercise 4: Identify the Subject and Object ===


The present tense plays a vital role in Panjabi culture, as it allows individuals to express themselves in everyday conversations. Panjabi is spoken in various regions of India and Pakistan, and there are some regional variations in the usage and understanding of the present tense.
Read the following sentences and identify the subject and object.


For example, in some regions of Panjab, the present tense is often used to express future intentions or plans. This usage reflects the cultural concept of time as fluid and flexible. It is common to hear Panjabi speakers say, "ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ ਦੇਖਾਂਗਾ" (Main kaal dekhaanga) - I will see tomorrow, instead of using the future tense.
1. ਮੈਂ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ (I eat an apple).


Additionally, the present tense is also used to indicate politeness and respect in Panjabi culture. When addressing elders or authority figures, individuals may use the present tense to show deference and humility. This cultural nuance adds depth and richness to the language.
2. ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਹੈ (She reads a book).


== Practice Exercises ==
3. ਅਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹਾਂ (We watch a movie).


Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Panjabi.
4. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਬਾਲ਼ੀਵੁੱਡ ਗਾਣਾ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹੋ (You listen to a Bollywood song).


Exercise 1: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense according to the given pronoun.
5. ਉਹ ਸੱਚਾਈ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (They speak the truth).


1. ਪੜਨਾ (paṛnā) - to read
=== Exercise 5: Verb Conjugation ===
- ਮੈਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Main _____ hāṁ)
- ਤੂੰ _____ ਹੈ (Tū̃ _____ hai)
- ਉਹ _____ ਹੈ (Uh _____ hai)
- ਉਸ ਨੇ _____ ਹੈ (Us ne _____ hai)
- ਅਸੀਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ _____ hāṁ)
- ਤੁਸੀਂ _____ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ _____ ho)
- ਉਹਾਂ _____ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ _____ han)


2. ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā) - to speak
Conjugate the following verbs for different subjects in the present tense.
- ਮੈਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Main _____ hāṁ)
- ਤੂੰ _____ ਹੈ (Tū̃ _____ hai)
- ਉਹ _____ ਹੈ (Uh _____ hai)
- ਉਸ ਨੇ _____ ਹੈ (Us ne _____ hai)
- ਅਸੀਂ _____ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ _____ hāṁ)
- ਤੁਸੀਂ _____ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ _____ ho)
- ਉਹਾਂ _____ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ _____ han)


Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences from English to Panjabi using the present tense.
1. ਕਰਨਾ (to do)


1. She sings beautifully.
2. ਜਾਣਾ (to go)
2. We eat together every evening.
 
3. Are you listening to me?
3. ਆਉਣਾ (to come)
4. They play cricket on Sundays.
 
5. I love to dance.
4. ਦੇਖਣਾ (to see)
 
5. ਸੁਣਨਾ (to hear)


== Solutions and Explanations ==
== Solutions and Explanations ==


Exercise 1:
Now let’s go through the exercises step by step to see how you did!
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 1 ===
 
1. ਖਾਂਦਾ (male) / ਖਾਂਦੀ (female) - I eat


1. ਪੜਨਾ (paṛnā) - to read
2. ਜਾਂਦਾ - He goes
- ਮੈਂ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main paṛdā hāṁ)
- ਤੂੰ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ paṛdā hai)
- ਉਹ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh paṛdā hai)
- ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪੜਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne paṛdā hai)
- ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ paṛde hāṁ)
- ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ paṛde ho)
- ਉਹਾਂ ਪੜਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ paṛde han)


2. ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā) - to speak
3. ਦੇਖਦੇ - We see
- ਮੈਂ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹਾਂ (Main bolda hāṁ)
- ਤੂੰ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Tū̃ bolda hai)
- ਉਹ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Uh bolda hai)
- ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ (Us ne bolda hai)
- ਅਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਾਂ (Āsī̃ bolde hāṁ)
- ਤੁਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹੋ (Tusī̃ bolde ho)
- ਉਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (Uhā̃ bolde han)


Exercise 2:
4. ਕਰਦੇ - You do


1. ਉਹ ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। (Uh khūbasūrṭī nāl gāuṃdī hai)
5. ਸੁਣਦੇ - They hear
2. ਅਸੀਂ ਹਰ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ। (Āsī̃ har śām ikkaṭhe khāṃde hāṁ)
 
3. ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰੀਆਂ ਸੁਣ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ? (Kī tusī̃ merīā̃ suṇ rahe ho?)
=== Solutions to Exercise 2 ===
4. ਉਹਾਂ ਐਤਵਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਹਨ। (Uhā̃ aiṭvār nū̃ krikaṭ kheḍde han)
 
5. ਮੈਂ ਨਾਚਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (Main nācaṇ dīā̃ piār kardā hāṁ)
1. ਮੈਂ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਦਾ ਹਾਂ (male) / ਖੇਡਦੀ ਹਾਂ (female).
 
2. ਉਹ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ (female) / ਪੀ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ (male).
 
3. ਉਹ ਪਾਰਟੀ 'ਤੇ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ.
 
4. ਅਸੀਂ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ.
 
5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹੋ.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 3 ===
 
1. ਮੈਂ ਯੋਗਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ (male) / ਕਰਦੀ ਹਾਂ (female).
 
2. ਉਹ ਬਾਜਾਰ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ.
 
3. ਉਹ ਗਾਣਾ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ.
 
4. ਅਸੀਂ ਦੁੱਧ ਪੀਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ.
 
5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹੋ.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 4 ===
 
1. Subject: ਮੈਂ (I), Object: ਸੇਬ (apple).
 
2. Subject: ਉਹ (She), Object: ਕਿਤਾਬ (book).
 
3. Subject: ਅਸੀਂ (We), Object: ਫਿਲਮ (movie).
 
4. Subject: ਤੁਸੀਂ (You), Object: ਬਾਲੀਵੁੱਡ ਗਾਣਾ (Bollywood song).
 
5. Subject: ਉਹ (They), Object: ਸੱਚਾਈ (truth).
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 5 ===
 
1. ਕਰਦਾ (male) / ਕਰਦੀ (female) / ਕਰਦੇ (plural).
 
2. ਜਾਂਦਾ (male) / ਜਾਂਦੀ (female) / ਜਾਂਦੇ (plural).
 
3. ਆਉਂਦਾ (male) / ਆਉਂਦੀ (female) / ਆਉਂਦੇ (plural).
 
4. ਦੇਖਦਾ (male) / ਦੇਖਦੀ (female) / ਦੇਖਦੇ (plural).
 
5. ਸੁਣਦਾ (male) / ਸੁਣਦੀ (female) / ਸੁਣਦੇ (plural).
 
As we wrap up this lesson on the present tense, remember that practice is key! Use these structures in your daily conversations, and soon you’ll find yourself speaking Panjabi with confidence and ease. Keep practicing, and I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson, where we will explore the past tense!


== SEO Tags ==
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Panjabi Grammar: Present Tense | Learn Panjabi Online
 
|keywords=Panjabi present tense, Panjabi verbs, Panjabi grammar, Panjabi language, Panjabi course, Panjabi lessons
|title=Panjabi Grammar: Mastering the Present Tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use verbs in the present tense and form simple sentences in Panjabi. Explore the cultural significance of the present tense in Panjabi culture. Practice exercises included.
 
|keywords=Panjabi grammar, present tense, learn Panjabi, verb conjugation, Panjabi sentences, language learning, Panjabi lessons
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use verbs in the present tense and form simple sentences in Panjabi, enhancing your ability to communicate effectively.
 
}}
}}


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 21:59, 1 August 2024

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Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

In our journey through the beautiful and vibrant world of the Panjabi language, we now arrive at a crucial milestone: the Present Tense. Understanding how to express actions happening right now is foundational for effective communication. The present tense allows us to share our daily activities, express our thoughts, and engage in conversations about our lives.

In this lesson, we will dive deep into the structure and usage of the present tense in Panjabi. We will explore how to form simple sentences, identify subjects and verbs, and use everyday vocabulary to make our communication more lively and relatable. By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to construct meaningful sentences that reflect your everyday life, enhancing your ability to connect with Panjabi speakers.

Importance of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense is essential for several reasons:

  • It allows you to describe ongoing actions.
  • It helps in expressing habits and routines.
  • It forms the basis for more complex sentence structures in the future.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Overview of Present Tense Formation

2. Examples of Present Tense Usage

3. Common Verbs in Present Tense

4. Simple Sentence Construction

5. Exercises for Practice

6. Solutions and Explanations

Overview of Present Tense Formation[edit | edit source]

In Panjabi, the present tense is typically formed using the base form of the verb. The structure of a simple sentence follows the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order.

Basic Sentence Structure[edit | edit source]

A simple present tense sentence in Panjabi consists of:

  • Subject: The doer of the action (who is doing something).
  • Object: The receiver of the action (what is being done).
  • Verb: The action being performed.

For example, in the sentence "I eat an apple" (ਮੈਂ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ), "I" is the subject, "apple" is the object, and "eat" is the verb.

Conjugation of Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs in Panjabi usually follow a predictable pattern. Here’s a basic outline of how to conjugate a regular verb in the present tense:

  • For masculine singular subjects, use the base form + "ਦਾ" (da).
  • For feminine singular subjects, use the base form + "ਦੀ" (di).
  • For plural subjects, use the base form + "ਦੇ" (de).

Examples of Present Tense Usage[edit | edit source]

Let's look at some examples to illustrate how this works:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ maiṁ khāndā hāṁ I eat (male speaker)
ਮੈਂ ਖਾਂਦੀ ਹਾਂ maiṁ khāndī hāṁ I eat (female speaker)
ਉਹ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ uh khāndā hai He eats
ਉਹ ਖਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ uh khāndī hai She eats
ਅਸੀਂ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ asīṁ khāndē hāṁ We eat
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ tusīṁ khāndē ho You eat (plural/formal)
ਉਹ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ uh khāndē han They eat

Common Verbs in Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Here are some common verbs you will frequently use in the present tense:

  • ਕਰਨਾ (karna) - to do
  • ਜਾਣਾ (jāṇā) - to go
  • ਆਉਣਾ (āuṇā) - to come
  • ਦੇਖਣਾ (dēkhṇā) - to see
  • ਸੁਣਨਾ (suṇnā) - to hear

Let's see these verbs in action:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ maiṁ karadā hāṁ I do (male speaker)
ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦੀ ਹਾਂ maiṁ kardī hāṁ I do (female speaker)
ਉਹ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ uh jāndā hai He goes
ਉਹ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ uh āuṇdī hai She comes
ਅਸੀਂ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹਾਂ asīṁ dēkhadē hāṁ We see
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹੋ tusīṁ suṇdē ho You hear (plural/formal)
ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ uh kardē han They do

Simple Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a good grasp of the verbs, let’s construct simple sentences.

Sentence Patterns[edit | edit source]

  • Subject + Verb + Object
  • Example: "I see the book."
  • In Panjabi: "ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇਖਦਾ ਹਾਂ" (maiṁ kitāb dēkhdā hāṁ).
  • Subject + Verb
  • Example: "She sings."
  • In Panjabi: "ਉਹ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ" (uh gāuṇdī hai).

Practice with Simple Sentences[edit | edit source]

Here are some more examples of simple sentences in the present tense:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਮੈਂ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਦਾ ਹਾਂ maiṁ cāh pīdā hāṁ I drink tea (male speaker)
ਉਹ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ uh kama kardī hai She works
ਅਸੀਂ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਹਾਂ asīṁ khēḍadē hāṁ We play
ਉਹ ਗਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ uh gāuṇdē han They sing
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹੋ tusīṁ paṛhadē ho You read (plural/formal)

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now that you are familiar with the present tense, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to practice what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in present tense.

1. ਮੈਂ ___________ (ਖਾਣਾ) || I ___________ (to eat)

2. ਉਹ ___________ (ਜਾਣਾ) || He ___________ (to go)

3. ਅਸੀਂ ___________ (ਦੇਖਣਾ) || We ___________ (to see)

4. ਤੁਸੀਂ ___________ (ਕਰਨਾ) || You ___________ (to do)

5. ਉਹ ___________ (ਸੁਣਨਾ) || They ___________ (to hear)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English sentences into Panjabi.

1. I play cricket.

2. She drinks water.

3. They come to the party.

4. We eat food.

5. You read a book.

Exercise 3: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Construct sentences using the following prompts.

1. I (to do) yoga.

2. He (to go) to the market.

3. She (to sing) a song.

4. We (to drink) milk.

5. You (to see) the movie.

Exercise 4: Identify the Subject and Object[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the subject and object.

1. ਮੈਂ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ (I eat an apple).

2. ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਹੈ (She reads a book).

3. ਅਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹਾਂ (We watch a movie).

4. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਬਾਲ਼ੀਵੁੱਡ ਗਾਣਾ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹੋ (You listen to a Bollywood song).

5. ਉਹ ਸੱਚਾਈ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ (They speak the truth).

Exercise 5: Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs for different subjects in the present tense.

1. ਕਰਨਾ (to do)

2. ਜਾਣਾ (to go)

3. ਆਉਣਾ (to come)

4. ਦੇਖਣਾ (to see)

5. ਸੁਣਨਾ (to hear)

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now let’s go through the exercises step by step to see how you did!

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. ਖਾਂਦਾ (male) / ਖਾਂਦੀ (female) - I eat

2. ਜਾਂਦਾ - He goes

3. ਦੇਖਦੇ - We see

4. ਕਰਦੇ - You do

5. ਸੁਣਦੇ - They hear

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਦਾ ਹਾਂ (male) / ਖੇਡਦੀ ਹਾਂ (female).

2. ਉਹ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ (female) / ਪੀ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ (male).

3. ਉਹ ਪਾਰਟੀ 'ਤੇ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ.

4. ਅਸੀਂ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ.

5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹੋ.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਯੋਗਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ (male) / ਕਰਦੀ ਹਾਂ (female).

2. ਉਹ ਬਾਜਾਰ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ.

3. ਉਹ ਗਾਣਾ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ.

4. ਅਸੀਂ ਦੁੱਧ ਪੀਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ.

5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹੋ.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Subject: ਮੈਂ (I), Object: ਸੇਬ (apple).

2. Subject: ਉਹ (She), Object: ਕਿਤਾਬ (book).

3. Subject: ਅਸੀਂ (We), Object: ਫਿਲਮ (movie).

4. Subject: ਤੁਸੀਂ (You), Object: ਬਾਲੀਵੁੱਡ ਗਾਣਾ (Bollywood song).

5. Subject: ਉਹ (They), Object: ਸੱਚਾਈ (truth).

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. ਕਰਦਾ (male) / ਕਰਦੀ (female) / ਕਰਦੇ (plural).

2. ਜਾਂਦਾ (male) / ਜਾਂਦੀ (female) / ਜਾਂਦੇ (plural).

3. ਆਉਂਦਾ (male) / ਆਉਂਦੀ (female) / ਆਉਂਦੇ (plural).

4. ਦੇਖਦਾ (male) / ਦੇਖਦੀ (female) / ਦੇਖਦੇ (plural).

5. ਸੁਣਦਾ (male) / ਸੁਣਦੀ (female) / ਸੁਣਦੇ (plural).

As we wrap up this lesson on the present tense, remember that practice is key! Use these structures in your daily conversations, and soon you’ll find yourself speaking Panjabi with confidence and ease. Keep practicing, and I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson, where we will explore the past tense!

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Panjabi Script


Basic Words and Phrases


Basic Sentence Structure


Everyday Vocabulary


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negation


Panjabi Customs and Traditions


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Panjabi Literature and Media


Health and Emergencies


Expressing Opinions and Emotions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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