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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Swedish|Swedish]]  → [[Language/Swedish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Swedish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Swedish Adjectives → Comparison of adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Swedish|Swedish]]  → [[Language/Swedish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Swedish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparison of adjectives</div>
 
Welcome to the exciting world of Swedish grammar! Today, we’ll delve into an essential aspect of the language: the '''comparison of adjectives'''. Understanding how to compare adjectives is crucial because it enriches your conversations, allowing you to express differences and qualities more vividly. Whether you’re describing your favorite Swedish dish or comparing the weather in Stockholm to that in Gothenburg, mastering this topic will undoubtedly elevate your Swedish skills.
 
In this lesson, we will explore:
 
* The forms of comparative and superlative adjectives in Swedish
 
* How to use them in sentences
 
* Practical exercises to reinforce your learning
 
So, let’s jump right in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What Are Adjectives? ===


In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparison of adjectives in the Swedish language. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, and being able to compare them is an essential skill in any language. By understanding how to form comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, you will be able to express different degrees of comparison and enrich your vocabulary. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Swedish Course" and is designed for complete beginners who are eager to gain a solid foundation in Swedish grammar and vocabulary.
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. In Swedish, as in English, adjectives can indicate qualities, quantities, or states. For example, the word "big" describes the size of something, while "happy" describes a state of emotion.


== Forms of Comparison ==
=== Basic Forms of Adjectives ===


Comparative forms of adjectives are used to compare two or more things, while superlative forms are used to express the highest degree of a quality. In Swedish, there are different ways to form the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, depending on the word's ending and the number of syllables. Let's explore these forms in more detail.
In Swedish, adjectives can take different forms based on the noun they are describing. Generally, adjectives have three forms:


=== Comparative Forms ===
* '''Positive''': The basic form (e.g., "stor" - big)


To form the comparative of adjectives in Swedish, we typically add the suffix "-are" to the base form of the adjective. However, there are some exceptions and irregularities that we will discuss later. Here are some examples:
* '''Comparative''': Used to compare two things (e.g., "större" - bigger)
 
* '''Superlative''': Used to indicate the highest degree among three or more things (e.g., "störst" - biggest)
 
=== The Comparative Form ===
 
To form the comparative in Swedish, you typically add '''-re''' to the positive form of the adjective. However, there are some irregular adjectives where you will have to memorize the forms.
 
==== Regular Adjectives ====
 
The majority of adjectives follow a straightforward pattern. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| stor || [stuːr] || big
 
| stor || /stuːr/ || big
 
|-
|-
| större || [ˈstœrə] || bigger
 
| större || /ˈstœrːɛ/ || bigger
 
|-
|-
| gammal || [ˈɡamːal] || old
 
| liten || /ˈliːtɛn/ || small
 
|-
|-
| äldre || [ˈɛlːdrə] || older
|}


As you can see, the comparative form of "stor" (big) is "större" (bigger), and the comparative form of "gammal" (old) is "äldre" (older).
| mindre || /ˈmɪndɛrɛ/ || smaller


In some cases, if the adjective ends in a vowel, we simply add an "r" to form the comparative. For example:
|-
 
| snabb || /snab/ || fast


{| class="wikitable"
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| lång || [lɔŋ] || long
 
| snabbare || /ˈsnabːarɛ/ || faster
 
|-
|-
| längre || [ˈlɛŋːdrə] || longer
 
| gammal || /ˈɡam.al/ || old
 
|-
|-
| vacker || [ˈvakːɛr] || beautiful
 
|-
| äldre || /ˈɛl.dɛrɛ/ || older
| vackrare || [ˈvakːrarə] || more beautiful
 
|}
|}


Here, the comparative form of "lång" (long) is "längre" (longer), and the comparative form of "vacker" (beautiful) is "vackrare" (more beautiful).
==== Irregular Adjectives ====


=== Superlative Forms ===
Some adjectives have irregular comparative forms that you simply have to memorize. Here are a few examples:


To form the superlative of adjectives in Swedish, we typically add the suffix "-ast" to the base form of the adjective. However, just like with the comparative forms, there are exceptions and irregularities. Let's look at some examples:
{| class="wikitable"


{| class="wikitable"
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| liten || [ˈliːtɛn] || small
 
| god || /ɡuːd/ || good
 
|-
|-
| minst || [ˈmɪnːst] || smallest
 
| bättre || /ˈbɛt.ɛrɛ/ || better
 
|-
|-
| bra || [brɑː] || good
 
| dålig || /ˈdɔː.lɪɡ/ || bad
 
|-
|-
| bäst || [bɛst] || best
|}


In this table, we can see that the superlative form of "liten" (small) is "minst" (smallest), and the superlative form of "bra" (good) is "bäst" (best).
| sämre || /ˈsɛm.rɛ/ || worse
 
|-


For adjectives ending in a vowel, we simply add "st" to form the superlative. For example:
| mycket || /ˈmʏkːɛt/ || much


{| class="wikitable"
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ung || [ʉŋ] || young
 
| mer || /mɛːr/ || more
 
|-
|-
| yngst || [ʏŋst] || youngest
 
| lite || /ˈliː.tɛ/ || little
 
|-
|-
| söt || [sœt] || cute
 
|-
| mindre || /ˈmɪndɛrɛ/ || less
| sötast || [ˈsœtasːt] || cutest
 
|}
|}


Here, the superlative form of "ung" (young) is "yngst" (youngest), and the superlative form of "söt" (cute) is "sötast" (cutest).
=== The Superlative Form ===


== Irregular Comparisons ==
To form the superlative, you typically add '''-st''' to the positive form of the adjective. Similar to the comparative form, there are also irregular adjectives in the superlative category.


While most adjectives follow the regular patterns we discussed earlier, there are some adjectives that have irregular comparative and superlative forms. These irregularities must be learned separately. Let's take a look at some examples:
==== Regular Adjectives ====
 
Here are examples of regular adjectives in their superlative forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| stor || /stuːr/ || big
|-
|-
| bra || [brɑː] || good
 
| störst || /ˈstœrːst/ || biggest
 
|-
|-
| bättre || [ˈbɛtːrə] || better
 
| liten || /ˈliːtɛn/ || small
 
|-
|-
| dålig || [ˈdɔːlɪɡ] || bad
 
| minst || /mɪnst/ || smallest
 
|-
|-
| sämre || [ˈsɛmːrə] || worse
 
| snabb || /snab/ || fast
 
|-
|-
| liten || [ˈliːtɛn] || small
 
| snabbast || /ˈsnabːast/ || fastest
 
|-
|-
| mindre || [ˈmɪnːdrə] || smaller
 
| gammal || /ˈɡam.al/ || old
 
|-
 
| äldst || /ɛldst/ || oldest
 
|}
|}


In this table, we can see that the comparative form of "bra" (good) is "bättre" (better), and the comparative form of "dålig" (bad) is "sämre" (worse). Similarly, the comparative form of "liten" (small) is "mindre" (smaller).
==== Irregular Adjectives ====


For the superlative forms, we have the following irregularities:
Just like with comparatives, some adjectives are irregular in their superlative forms. Here are examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Swedish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| bra || [brɑː] || good
 
| god || /ɡuːd/ || good
 
|-
|-
| bäst || [bɛst] || best
 
| bäst || /bɛst/ || best
 
|-
|-
| dålig || [ˈdɔːlɪɡ] || bad
 
| dålig || /ˈdɔː.lɪɡ/ || bad
 
|-
|-
| sämst || [sɛmst] || worst
 
| sämst || /sɛmst/ || worst
 
|-
|-
| liten || [ˈliːtɛn] || small
 
| mycket || /ˈmʏkːɛt/ || much
 
|-
|-
| minst || [ˈmɪnːst] || smallest
 
| mest || /mɛst/ || most
 
|-
 
| lite || /ˈliː.tɛ/ || little
 
|-
 
| minst || /mɪnst/ || least
 
|}
|}


In this table, we can see that the superlative form of "bra" (good) is "bäst" (best), and the superlative form of "dålig" (bad) is "sämst" (worst). Similarly, the superlative form of "liten" (small) is "minst" (smallest).
=== Using Comparatives and Superlatives in Sentences ===
 
Now that we know how to form comparative and superlative adjectives, let’s look at how to use them in sentences.
 
==== Comparative Examples ====
 
1. '''Den här boken är större än den andra.''' (This book is bigger than the other one.)
 
2. '''Jag är snabbare än min bror.''' (I am faster than my brother.)
 
3. '''Detta hus är äldre än det andra.''' (This house is older than the other one.)
 
4. '''Min bil är billigare än din bil.''' (My car is cheaper than your car.)
 
5. '''Katten är mindre än hunden.''' (The cat is smaller than the dog.)
 
==== Superlative Examples ====


It's important to memorize these irregular forms as they are commonly used in Swedish.
1. '''Det här är den största boken i biblioteket.''' (This is the biggest book in the library.)


== Cultural Insights ==
2. '''Han är den snabbaste löparen i klassen.''' (He is the fastest runner in the class.)


The comparison of adjectives is an important aspect of Swedish communication, as it allows individuals to express their thoughts and opinions more precisely. In Swedish culture, it is common to compare different aspects of daily life, such as weather, food, and personal experiences. Swedes often use comparative and superlative forms to describe their preferences and make comparisons between different objects or situations.
3. '''Detta är den äldsta byggnaden i staden.''' (This is the oldest building in the city.)


Additionally, it is worth noting that certain regional variations exist in the usage and understanding of the comparison of adjectives. Some dialects may employ alternative forms or have different rules for forming comparatives and superlatives. These variations add diversity to the Swedish language and reflect the cultural nuances of different regions in Sweden.
4. '''Hon är den bästa studenten i sin grupp.''' (She is the best student in her group.)


== Practice Exercises ==
5. '''Detta är den dyraste restaurangen i staden.''' (This is the most expensive restaurant in the city.)


To ensure a solid understanding of the comparison of adjectives in Swedish, let's practice some exercises. Choose the correct form of the adjective to complete the sentences below:
=== Practice Exercises ===


1. Stockholm är (större / störst) än Göteborg.
Now it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice the comparison of adjectives.
2. Den gröna klänningen är (vackrare / vackrast) än den blåa.
 
3. Min bror är (liten / minst) i vår familj.
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
4. Det här äpplet är (gott / godast) jag har ätit.
 
5. På vintern är det (kallare / kallast) än på sommaren.
Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjective in parentheses.
 
1. Stockholm är __________ (stor) än Göteborg.
 
2. Min mamma är __________ (gammal) än min pappa.
 
3. Detta är den __________ (dyr) bilen i garaget.
 
4. Han är __________ (snabb) än de andra spelarna.
 
5. Det här huset är __________ (litet) än det andra.
 
==== Exercise 2: Translate to Swedish ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Swedish using the correct forms of the adjectives.
 
1. My sister is younger than me.
 
2. This is the best pizza in town.
 
3. The blue car is faster than the red car.
 
4. She is the oldest in our family.
 
5. This task is easier than the previous one.
 
==== Exercise 3: Match the Adjective Forms ====
 
Match the positive adjective with its comparative and superlative forms.
 
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
 
|----------|-------------|-------------|
 
| 1. god  | a. bäst    | i. godare  |
 
| 2. liten | b. minst    | ii. mindre  |
 
| 3. snabb | c. snabbare | iii. snabbast|
 
| 4. gammal| d. äldre    | iv. äldst    |
 
| 5. billig| e. billigare| v. dyrast  |
 
=== Solutions to Exercises ===
 
Now, let’s look at the answers to the exercises so you can see how you did!
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks Solutions ====


Solutions:
1. större
1. större
2. vackrare
3. minst
4. godast
5. kallare


== Conclusion ==
2. äldre


In this lesson, we have explored the topic of comparison of adjectives in Swedish. We have learned how to form comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and discussed some irregularities that exist. By mastering the comparison of adjectives, you will be able to express different degrees of comparison and enhance your communication skills in Swedish. Keep practicing and incorporating these forms into your everyday conversations to become more fluent in the Swedish language.
3. dyraste
 
4. snabbare
 
5. mindre
 
==== Exercise 2: Translate to Swedish Solutions ====
 
1. Min syster är yngre än mig.
 
2. Detta är den bästa pizzan i stan.
 
3. Den blå bilen är snabbare än den röda bilen.
 
4. Hon är den äldsta i vår familj.
 
5. Denna uppgift är lättare än den förra.
 
==== Exercise 3: Match the Adjective Forms Solutions ====
 
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
 
|----------|-------------|-------------|
 
| 1. god  | ii. godare  | a. bäst    |
 
| 2. liten | ii. mindre  | b. minst    |
 
| 3. snabb | i. snabbare | iii. snabbast|
 
| 4. gammal| d. äldre    | iv. äldst    |
 
| 5. billig| e. billigare| v. dyrast  |
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on the comparison of adjectives in Swedish! You’ve learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives effectively. With practice, you’ll be able to describe and compare things in Swedish with confidence. Keep these rules in mind as you continue your Swedish language journey, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Happy learning!


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|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to compare adjectives in Swedish and form comparative and superlative forms. Explore the cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your understanding of the topic.
 
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 02:59, 1 August 2024

◀️ Basic adjectives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Compound adjectives ▶️

Swedish-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Swedish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparison of adjectives

Welcome to the exciting world of Swedish grammar! Today, we’ll delve into an essential aspect of the language: the comparison of adjectives. Understanding how to compare adjectives is crucial because it enriches your conversations, allowing you to express differences and qualities more vividly. Whether you’re describing your favorite Swedish dish or comparing the weather in Stockholm to that in Gothenburg, mastering this topic will undoubtedly elevate your Swedish skills.

In this lesson, we will explore:

  • The forms of comparative and superlative adjectives in Swedish
  • How to use them in sentences
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your learning

So, let’s jump right in!

What Are Adjectives?[edit | edit source]

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. In Swedish, as in English, adjectives can indicate qualities, quantities, or states. For example, the word "big" describes the size of something, while "happy" describes a state of emotion.

Basic Forms of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

In Swedish, adjectives can take different forms based on the noun they are describing. Generally, adjectives have three forms:

  • Positive: The basic form (e.g., "stor" - big)
  • Comparative: Used to compare two things (e.g., "större" - bigger)
  • Superlative: Used to indicate the highest degree among three or more things (e.g., "störst" - biggest)

The Comparative Form[edit | edit source]

To form the comparative in Swedish, you typically add -re to the positive form of the adjective. However, there are some irregular adjectives where you will have to memorize the forms.

Regular Adjectives[edit | edit source]

The majority of adjectives follow a straightforward pattern. Here are some examples:

Swedish Pronunciation English
stor /stuːr/ big
större /ˈstœrːɛ/ bigger
liten /ˈliːtɛn/ small
mindre /ˈmɪndɛrɛ/ smaller
snabb /snab/ fast
snabbare /ˈsnabːarɛ/ faster
gammal /ˈɡam.al/ old
äldre /ˈɛl.dɛrɛ/ older

Irregular Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Some adjectives have irregular comparative forms that you simply have to memorize. Here are a few examples:

Swedish Pronunciation English
god /ɡuːd/ good
bättre /ˈbɛt.ɛrɛ/ better
dålig /ˈdɔː.lɪɡ/ bad
sämre /ˈsɛm.rɛ/ worse
mycket /ˈmʏkːɛt/ much
mer /mɛːr/ more
lite /ˈliː.tɛ/ little
mindre /ˈmɪndɛrɛ/ less

The Superlative Form[edit | edit source]

To form the superlative, you typically add -st to the positive form of the adjective. Similar to the comparative form, there are also irregular adjectives in the superlative category.

Regular Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Here are examples of regular adjectives in their superlative forms:

Swedish Pronunciation English
stor /stuːr/ big
störst /ˈstœrːst/ biggest
liten /ˈliːtɛn/ small
minst /mɪnst/ smallest
snabb /snab/ fast
snabbast /ˈsnabːast/ fastest
gammal /ˈɡam.al/ old
äldst /ɛldst/ oldest

Irregular Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Just like with comparatives, some adjectives are irregular in their superlative forms. Here are examples:

Swedish Pronunciation English
god /ɡuːd/ good
bäst /bɛst/ best
dålig /ˈdɔː.lɪɡ/ bad
sämst /sɛmst/ worst
mycket /ˈmʏkːɛt/ much
mest /mɛst/ most
lite /ˈliː.tɛ/ little
minst /mɪnst/ least

Using Comparatives and Superlatives in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we know how to form comparative and superlative adjectives, let’s look at how to use them in sentences.

Comparative Examples[edit | edit source]

1. Den här boken är större än den andra. (This book is bigger than the other one.)

2. Jag är snabbare än min bror. (I am faster than my brother.)

3. Detta hus är äldre än det andra. (This house is older than the other one.)

4. Min bil är billigare än din bil. (My car is cheaper than your car.)

5. Katten är mindre än hunden. (The cat is smaller than the dog.)

Superlative Examples[edit | edit source]

1. Det här är den största boken i biblioteket. (This is the biggest book in the library.)

2. Han är den snabbaste löparen i klassen. (He is the fastest runner in the class.)

3. Detta är den äldsta byggnaden i staden. (This is the oldest building in the city.)

4. Hon är den bästa studenten i sin grupp. (She is the best student in her group.)

5. Detta är den dyraste restaurangen i staden. (This is the most expensive restaurant in the city.)

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice the comparison of adjectives.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjective in parentheses.

1. Stockholm är __________ (stor) än Göteborg.

2. Min mamma är __________ (gammal) än min pappa.

3. Detta är den __________ (dyr) bilen i garaget.

4. Han är __________ (snabb) än de andra spelarna.

5. Det här huset är __________ (litet) än det andra.

Exercise 2: Translate to Swedish[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Swedish using the correct forms of the adjectives.

1. My sister is younger than me.

2. This is the best pizza in town.

3. The blue car is faster than the red car.

4. She is the oldest in our family.

5. This task is easier than the previous one.

Exercise 3: Match the Adjective Forms[edit | edit source]

Match the positive adjective with its comparative and superlative forms.

| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |

|----------|-------------|-------------|

| 1. god | a. bäst | i. godare |

| 2. liten | b. minst | ii. mindre |

| 3. snabb | c. snabbare | iii. snabbast|

| 4. gammal| d. äldre | iv. äldst |

| 5. billig| e. billigare| v. dyrast |

Solutions to Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s look at the answers to the exercises so you can see how you did!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. större

2. äldre

3. dyraste

4. snabbare

5. mindre

Exercise 2: Translate to Swedish Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Min syster är yngre än mig.

2. Detta är den bästa pizzan i stan.

3. Den blå bilen är snabbare än den röda bilen.

4. Hon är den äldsta i vår familj.

5. Denna uppgift är lättare än den förra.

Exercise 3: Match the Adjective Forms Solutions[edit | edit source]

| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |

|----------|-------------|-------------|

| 1. god | ii. godare | a. bäst |

| 2. liten | ii. mindre | b. minst |

| 3. snabb | i. snabbare | iii. snabbast|

| 4. gammal| d. äldre | iv. äldst |

| 5. billig| e. billigare| v. dyrast |

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the comparison of adjectives in Swedish! You’ve learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives effectively. With practice, you’ll be able to describe and compare things in Swedish with confidence. Keep these rules in mind as you continue your Swedish language journey, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Swedish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Swedish


Swedish Pronouns


Colors and Numbers


Swedish Culture


Swedish Verbs


Body parts and health


Swedish Nouns


Travel and directions


Sweden's history


Swedish Adjectives


Jobs and professions

Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


Template:Swedish-Page-Bottom

◀️ Basic adjectives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Compound adjectives ▶️

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