Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Counting-Numbers-and-Time"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Japanese|Japanese]]  → [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Greetings and Introductions → Counting Numbers and Time</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Japanese|Japanese]]  → [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Counting Numbers and Time</div>
 
Counting numbers and telling time are fundamental skills in any language, and Japanese is no exception. Mastering these concepts is crucial for engaging in daily conversations, shopping, scheduling activities, or simply understanding the flow of life around you. In this lesson, we'll explore the numbers from one to ten, as well as the tens, hundreds, and beyond, before moving on to how to express time. By the end, you’ll be able to count, tell time, and apply your knowledge in practical scenarios.
 
Let’s dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of Counting and Time in Japanese ===
 
Understanding how to count and tell time in Japanese will enhance your conversational skills and make you feel more confident when interacting with native speakers. Whether you're ordering food, shopping, or making plans, these skills are essential. In addition, many cultural practices and traditions in Japan revolve around numbers and time, making this knowledge particularly valuable.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
This lesson is organized as follows:
 
1. '''Counting Numbers'''
 
* Basic Numbers (1-10)
 
* Tens and Hundreds
 
* Larger Numbers
 
2. '''Telling Time'''


In this lesson, we will delve into the fascinating world of counting numbers and telling time in Japanese. These skills are essential for effective communication in any language, and Japanese is no exception. Whether you are asking for directions, ordering food, or simply engaging in small talk, being able to count and tell time accurately will greatly enhance your ability to navigate daily life in Japan.
* Basic Time Vocabulary


Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various numerical systems used in Japanese, from the native Japanese numbers to the Sino-Japanese numbers. We will also learn how to tell time in Japanese, including both the traditional and modern systems. As we delve into these topics, we will provide comprehensive explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises to help reinforce your learning.
* How to Express Time


So, let's begin our journey into the world of counting numbers and telling time in Japanese!
* Practice Scenarios
 
3. '''Exercises and Solutions'''


== Counting Numbers ==
== Counting Numbers ==


=== Native Japanese Numbers ===
=== Basic Numbers (1-10) ===


In Japanese, there are two primary systems for counting numbers: native Japanese numbers and Sino-Japanese numbers. Native Japanese numbers are used for counting objects, while Sino-Japanese numbers are used for counting money, telling time, and expressing dates. In this section, we will focus on the native Japanese numbers.
Let's start with the basics: counting from one to ten. Here’s how to do it in Japanese.


The native Japanese numbers are relatively simple and straightforward. They are used for counting objects, such as people, animals, and items. Here are the native Japanese numbers from 1 to 10:
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| 一 || ichi || One
 
| 一 || いち (ichi) || One
 
|-
|-
| 二 || ni || Two
 
| 二 || に (ni) || Two
 
|-
|-
| 三 || san || Three
 
| 三 || さん (san) || Three
 
|-
|-
| 四 || yon / shi || Four
 
| 四 || し (shi) / よん (yon) || Four
 
|-
|-
| 五 || go || Five
 
| 五 || ご (go) || Five
 
|-
|-
| 六 || roku || Six
 
| 六 || ろく (roku) || Six
 
|-
|-
| 七 || nana / shichi || Seven
 
| 七 || しち (shichi) / なな (nana) || Seven
 
|-
|-
| 八 || hachi || Eight
 
| 八 || はち (hachi) || Eight
 
|-
|-
| 九 || kyū / ku || Nine
 
| 九 || きゅう (kyuu) / く (ku) || Nine
 
|-
|-
| 十 || jū || Ten
 
| 十 || じゅう (juu) || Ten
 
|}
|}


To count objects in Japanese, simply combine the native Japanese numbers with the counter for the specific object. For example, to count apples, you would use the native Japanese number for the desired quantity followed by the counter for apples, which is "個" (こ). Here are a few examples:
Notice that for four and seven, there are two readings. This is not uncommon in Japanese, and the alternative readings are often used to avoid confusion or for stylistic reasons.
 
=== Tens and Hundreds ===
 
Once you have the basics down, let's move on to the tens and hundreds. Here’s how to express those numbers:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-


* 一個のりんご (いっこのりんご) - One apple
| 十一 || じゅういち (juuichi) || Eleven
* 三個のりんご (さんこのりんご) - Three apples
* 五個のりんご (ごこのりんご) - Five apples


It's important to note that the pronunciation of some numbers can change depending on the counter they are combined with. This is known as "rendaku," a phonetic phenomenon in Japanese. For example, the number "one" (一) changes its pronunciation to "ich" (いち) when combined with certain counters. Here are a few examples:
|-


* 一つのくつ (ひとつのくつ) - One shoe
| 二十 || にじゅう (nijuu) || Twenty
* 一つのえんぴつ (ひとつのえんぴつ) - One pencil
* 一つのかばん (ひとつのかばん) - One bag


=== Sino-Japanese Numbers ===
|-


While the native Japanese numbers are used for counting objects, the Sino-Japanese numbers are used for counting money, telling time, and expressing dates. The Sino-Japanese numbers are based on Chinese numerals and are often considered more formal and appropriate for official or business contexts.
| 三十 || さんじゅう (sanjuu) || Thirty


Here are the Sino-Japanese numbers from 1 to 10:
|-
 
| 四十 || よんじゅう (yonjuu) || Forty
 
|-
 
| 五十 || ごじゅう (gojuu) || Fifty
 
|-
 
| 六十 || ろくじゅう (rokujuu) || Sixty
 
|-
 
| 七十 || ななじゅう (nanajuu) || Seventy
 
|-
 
| 八十 || はちじゅう (hachijuu) || Eighty


{| class="wikitable"
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| 一 || ichi || One
 
| 九十 || きゅうじゅう (kyuujuu) || Ninety
 
|-
|-
| 二 || ni || Two
 
| 百 || ひゃく (hyaku) || One Hundred
 
|}
 
To form numbers between 21 and 99, you combine the tens and the units. For example, 21 is 二十一 (にじゅういち, nijuuichi) and 45 is 四十五 (よんじゅうご, yonjuugo).
 
=== Larger Numbers ===
 
As you progress, you might need to express larger numbers. Here are some key terms:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| 三 || san || Three
 
| 千 || せん (sen) || One Thousand
 
|-
|-
| 四 || shi / yon || Four
 
| 万 || まん (man) || Ten Thousand
 
|-
|-
| 五 || go || Five
 
| 億 || おく (oku) || One Hundred Million
 
|}
 
To express numbers like 1,234, you would say 一千二百三十四 (いっせんにひゃくさんじゅうよん, issennnihyakusanjūyon).
 
== Telling Time ==
 
=== Basic Time Vocabulary ===
 
Now let's move on to telling time. Here are some essential vocabulary words:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| 六 || roku || Six
 
| 時 || とき (toki) || Time/Hour
 
|-
|-
| 七 || shichi / nana || Seven
 
| 分 || ふん (fun) || Minute
 
|-
|-
| 八 || hachi || Eight
 
| 秒 || びょう (byou) || Second
 
|-
|-
| 九 || kyū / ku || Nine
 
| 午前 || ごぜん (gozen) || A.M.
 
|-
|-
| 十 || jū || Ten
 
| 午後 || ごご (gogo) || P.M.
 
|}
|}


To count money or express large quantities, simply combine the Sino-Japanese numbers with the appropriate counter. For example, to express 1,000 yen, you would use the Sino-Japanese number for 1,000, which is "千" (せん), followed by the counter for yen, which is "円" (えん). Here's an example:
=== How to Express Time ===


* 千円 (せんえん) - 1,000 yen
In Japanese, telling time typically follows the structure of [hour] 時 (toki) [minute] 分 (fun). For example:


Similarly, to express the date, you would use the Sino-Japanese numbers for the day, month, and year, combined with the appropriate counters. For example:
* 3:00 is 三時 (さんじ, sanji)


* 二月十日 (にがつとおか) - February 10th
* 4:30 is 四時半 (よじはん, yojihann) - "half" here means thirty minutes past the hour.
* 二千十年 (にせんじゅうねん) - the year 2010


=== Additional Counters ===
For times involving seconds, you simply add the seconds after the minutes. For instance:


In addition to the native Japanese and Sino-Japanese numbers, Japanese also utilizes counters to specify different types of objects. Counters are an essential part of Japanese grammar and are used to count specific objects, such as people, animals, flat objects, long objects, and more. Here are a few common counters:
* 5:15:30 is 五時十五分三十秒 (ごじじゅうごふんさんじゅうびょう, gojijūgofunsanjūbyou).


* 人 (にん) - for counting people
Here's a practical example: If it's 7:45 A.M., you'd say 午前七時四十五分 (ごぜんななじよんじゅうごふん, gozen nanaji yonjūgofun).
* 匹 (ひき) - for small animals
* 枚 (まい) - for flat objects, such as paper or photographs
* 本 (ほん) - for long, thin objects, such as pencils or bottles
* 冊 (さつ) - for books
* 台 (だい) - for machines or vehicles
* 杯 (はい) - for cups or glasses


To count objects using counters, simply combine the native Japanese or Sino-Japanese numbers with the appropriate counter. For example:
=== Practice Scenarios ===


* 三人 (さんにん) - Three people
Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some scenarios where you can apply what you've learned.
* 五匹 (ごひき) - Five animals
* 十枚 (じゅうまい) - Ten sheets


== Telling Time ==
Here are ten practice exercises:
 
1. Count from one to ten in Japanese.
 
2. Write down how you would express the number 22 in Japanese.
 
3. Tell the time for 2:15 P.M. in Japanese.
 
4. What is 100 in Japanese?


=== Traditional Time System ===
5. How would you express the number 56 in Japanese?


In Japan, there are two systems for telling time: the traditional time system and the modern time system. The traditional time system is based on the twelve-hour clock and is still widely used in formal and ceremonial contexts.
6. What time is it if it is 9:30 A.M.?


To express the time in the traditional system, use the following pattern:
7. Count from 11 to 20 in Japanese.


<h3>Hour + 時（じ） + Minutes + 分（ふん）</h3>
8. Write down how you would express 1,000 in Japanese.


Here are a few examples:
9. What is the time if it is 12:45 P.M.?


* 一時 (いちじ) - One o'clock
10. How would you express 3:05 in Japanese?
* 三時十五分 (さんじじゅうごふん) - Three fifteen (3:15)
* 八時四十五分 (はちじよんじゅうごふん) - Eight forty-five (8:45)


Note that the traditional time system uses the native Japanese numbers for the hours. However, when expressing minutes, the Sino-Japanese numbers are used.
=== Exercises and Solutions ===


=== Modern Time System ===
Let’s go through the solutions together:


The modern time system, based on the twenty-four-hour clock, is commonly used in everyday conversations and written communication. To express the time in the modern system, use the following pattern:
1. '''Counting from one to ten''':


<h3>Hour + 時（じ） + Minutes</h3>
* 一 (いち, ichi), 二 (に, ni), 三 (さん, san), 四 (し/よん, shi/yon), 五 (ご, go), 六 (ろく, roku), 七 (しち/なな, shichi/nana), 八 (はち, hachi), 九 (きゅう/く, kyuu/ku), 十 (じゅう, juu).


Here are a few examples:
2. '''The number 22''':


* 13時 (じゅうさんじ) - 13:00 (1:00 PM)
* 二十二 (にじゅうに, nijuu ni).
* 15時30分 (じゅうごじさんじゅっぷん) - 15:30 (3:30 PM)
* 21時45分 (にじゅういちじよんじゅうごふん) - 21:45 (9:45 PM)


Note that when expressing the hours in the modern time system, the Sino-Japanese numbers are used.
3. '''The time 2:15 P.M.''':


=== AM and PM ===
* 午後二時十五分 (ごごにじじゅうごふん, gogo niji jūgofun).


To differentiate between AM and PM, you can use the following expressions:
4. '''The number 100''':


* 午前 (ごぜん) - AM
* 百 (ひゃく, hyaku).
* 午後 (ごご) - PM


For example, to express 8:00 AM, you would say "午前八時" (ごぜんはちじ). And to express 8:00 PM, you would say "午後八時" (ごごはちじ).
5. '''The number 56''':


It's important to note that the modern time system is often used in conversations, while the traditional time system is more commonly used in formal or ceremonial settings.
* 五十六 (ごじゅうろく, gojuuroku).


== Practice Exercises ==
6. '''The time 9:30 A.M.''':


Now that we have covered the basics of counting numbers and telling time in Japanese, let's put your knowledge into practice with a few exercises. Choose the correct answer for each question, and then check your answers below.
* 午前九時三十分 (ごぜんくじさんじゅっぷん, gozen kuji sanjuppun).


1. How do you say "five apples" in Japanese?
7. '''Counting from 11 to 20''':
a) 五りんご
b) 五個のりんご
c) 五つのりんご


2. How do you say "three o'clock" in Japanese?
* 十一 (じゅういち, juuichi), 十二 (じゅうに, juuni), 十三 (じゅうさん, juusan), 十四 (じゅうし, juushi), 十五 (じゅうご, juugo), 十六 (じゅうろく, juuroku), 十七 (じゅうしち, juushichi), 十八 (じゅうはち, juuhachi), 十九 (じゅうきゅう, juukyu), 二十 (にじゅう, nijuu).
a) 三時
b) 三時十分
c) 三時三十分


3. How do you say "1,000 yen" in Japanese?
8. '''The number 1,000''':
a) 千円
b) 百円
c) 一万円


4. How do you say "February 10th" in Japanese?
* 千 (せん, sen).
a) 二月十日
b) 二千十年
c) 二十日


5. How do you say "9:45 PM" in Japanese?
9. '''The time 12:45 P.M.''':
a) 午後九時四十五分
b) 午前九時四十五分
c) 九時四十五分


Answers:
* 午後十二時四十五分 (ごごじゅうにじよんじゅうごふん, gogo juuniji yonjūgofun).
1. b) 五個のりんご
2. a) 三時
3. a) 千円
4. a) 二月十日
5. a) 午後九時四十五分


== Conclusion ==
10. '''The time 3:05''':


Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to count numbers and tell time in Japanese. These skills will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in various situations, whether you are ordering food, talking about dates, or simply engaging in small talk with native Japanese speakers.
* 三時五分 (さんじごふん, sanji gofun).


Remember to practice regularly and gradually expand your vocabulary and understanding of these topics. As you continue your Japanese language journey, you will become more confident and proficient in using numbers and telling time in Japanese.
By practicing these counting numbers and time expressions, you will build a solid foundation in Japanese that you can use in everyday conversations. Remember to practice regularly, and don’t hesitate to engage with native speakers to enhance your learning experience!


Keep up the great work, and happy learning!
Here is an example below (use relevant title, keywords and description values)


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Japanese Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Counting Numbers and Time
 
|keywords=Japanese vocabulary, greetings, introductions, counting numbers, time, Japanese culture, Japanese language learning
|title=Japanese Vocabulary Lesson on Counting Numbers and Time
|description=Learn how to count numbers and tell time in Japanese, and apply them in practical situations. Explore the native Japanese and Sino-Japanese numerical systems, and discover the traditional and modern time systems in Japan.
 
|keywords=numbers, counting, time, Japanese language, beginners, A1 Japanese, vocabulary, learning Japanese
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to count numbers and tell time in Japanese, along with practical applications and exercises to solidify your understanding.
 
}}
}}


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==Videos==
==Videos==

Latest revision as of 23:02, 31 July 2024

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Japanese → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Counting Numbers and Time

Counting numbers and telling time are fundamental skills in any language, and Japanese is no exception. Mastering these concepts is crucial for engaging in daily conversations, shopping, scheduling activities, or simply understanding the flow of life around you. In this lesson, we'll explore the numbers from one to ten, as well as the tens, hundreds, and beyond, before moving on to how to express time. By the end, you’ll be able to count, tell time, and apply your knowledge in practical scenarios.

Let’s dive in!

Importance of Counting and Time in Japanese[edit | edit source]

Understanding how to count and tell time in Japanese will enhance your conversational skills and make you feel more confident when interacting with native speakers. Whether you're ordering food, shopping, or making plans, these skills are essential. In addition, many cultural practices and traditions in Japan revolve around numbers and time, making this knowledge particularly valuable.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

This lesson is organized as follows:

1. Counting Numbers

  • Basic Numbers (1-10)
  • Tens and Hundreds
  • Larger Numbers

2. Telling Time

  • Basic Time Vocabulary
  • How to Express Time
  • Practice Scenarios

3. Exercises and Solutions

Counting Numbers[edit | edit source]

Basic Numbers (1-10)[edit | edit source]

Let's start with the basics: counting from one to ten. Here’s how to do it in Japanese.

Japanese Pronunciation English
一 いち (ichi) One
二 に (ni) Two
三 さん (san) Three
四 し (shi) / よん (yon) Four
五 ご (go) Five
六 ろく (roku) Six
七 しち (shichi) / なな (nana) Seven
八 はち (hachi) Eight
九 きゅう (kyuu) / く (ku) Nine
十 じゅう (juu) Ten

Notice that for four and seven, there are two readings. This is not uncommon in Japanese, and the alternative readings are often used to avoid confusion or for stylistic reasons.

Tens and Hundreds[edit | edit source]

Once you have the basics down, let's move on to the tens and hundreds. Here’s how to express those numbers:

Japanese Pronunciation English
十一 じゅういち (juuichi) Eleven
二十 にじゅう (nijuu) Twenty
三十 さんじゅう (sanjuu) Thirty
四十 よんじゅう (yonjuu) Forty
五十 ごじゅう (gojuu) Fifty
六十 ろくじゅう (rokujuu) Sixty
七十 ななじゅう (nanajuu) Seventy
八十 はちじゅう (hachijuu) Eighty
九十 きゅうじゅう (kyuujuu) Ninety
百 ひゃく (hyaku) One Hundred

To form numbers between 21 and 99, you combine the tens and the units. For example, 21 is 二十一 (にじゅういち, nijuuichi) and 45 is 四十五 (よんじゅうご, yonjuugo).

Larger Numbers[edit | edit source]

As you progress, you might need to express larger numbers. Here are some key terms:

Japanese Pronunciation English
千 せん (sen) One Thousand
万 まん (man) Ten Thousand
億 おく (oku) One Hundred Million

To express numbers like 1,234, you would say 一千二百三十四 (いっせんにひゃくさんじゅうよん, issennnihyakusanjūyon).

Telling Time[edit | edit source]

Basic Time Vocabulary[edit | edit source]

Now let's move on to telling time. Here are some essential vocabulary words:

Japanese Pronunciation English
時 とき (toki) Time/Hour
分 ふん (fun) Minute
秒 びょう (byou) Second
午前 ごぜん (gozen) A.M.
午後 ごご (gogo) P.M.

How to Express Time[edit | edit source]

In Japanese, telling time typically follows the structure of [hour] 時 (toki) [minute] 分 (fun). For example:

  • 3:00 is 三時 (さんじ, sanji)
  • 4:30 is 四時半 (よじはん, yojihann) - "half" here means thirty minutes past the hour.

For times involving seconds, you simply add the seconds after the minutes. For instance:

  • 5:15:30 is 五時十五分三十秒 (ごじじゅうごふんさんじゅうびょう, gojijūgofunsanjūbyou).

Here's a practical example: If it's 7:45 A.M., you'd say 午前七時四十五分 (ごぜんななじよんじゅうごふん, gozen nanaji yonjūgofun).

Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some scenarios where you can apply what you've learned.

Here are ten practice exercises:

1. Count from one to ten in Japanese.

2. Write down how you would express the number 22 in Japanese.

3. Tell the time for 2:15 P.M. in Japanese.

4. What is 100 in Japanese?

5. How would you express the number 56 in Japanese?

6. What time is it if it is 9:30 A.M.?

7. Count from 11 to 20 in Japanese.

8. Write down how you would express 1,000 in Japanese.

9. What is the time if it is 12:45 P.M.?

10. How would you express 3:05 in Japanese?

Exercises and Solutions[edit | edit source]

Let’s go through the solutions together:

1. Counting from one to ten:

  • 一 (いち, ichi), 二 (に, ni), 三 (さん, san), 四 (し/よん, shi/yon), 五 (ご, go), 六 (ろく, roku), 七 (しち/なな, shichi/nana), 八 (はち, hachi), 九 (きゅう/く, kyuu/ku), 十 (じゅう, juu).

2. The number 22:

  • 二十二 (にじゅうに, nijuu ni).

3. The time 2:15 P.M.:

  • 午後二時十五分 (ごごにじじゅうごふん, gogo niji jūgofun).

4. The number 100:

  • 百 (ひゃく, hyaku).

5. The number 56:

  • 五十六 (ごじゅうろく, gojuuroku).

6. The time 9:30 A.M.:

  • 午前九時三十分 (ごぜんくじさんじゅっぷん, gozen kuji sanjuppun).

7. Counting from 11 to 20:

  • 十一 (じゅういち, juuichi), 十二 (じゅうに, juuni), 十三 (じゅうさん, juusan), 十四 (じゅうし, juushi), 十五 (じゅうご, juugo), 十六 (じゅうろく, juuroku), 十七 (じゅうしち, juushichi), 十八 (じゅうはち, juuhachi), 十九 (じゅうきゅう, juukyu), 二十 (にじゅう, nijuu).

8. The number 1,000:

  • 千 (せん, sen).

9. The time 12:45 P.M.:

  • 午後十二時四十五分 (ごごじゅうにじよんじゅうごふん, gogo juuniji yonjūgofun).

10. The time 3:05:

  • 三時五分 (さんじごふん, sanji gofun).

By practicing these counting numbers and time expressions, you will build a solid foundation in Japanese that you can use in everyday conversations. Remember to practice regularly, and don’t hesitate to engage with native speakers to enhance your learning experience!

Here is an example below (use relevant title, keywords and description values)

Table of Contents - Japanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Hiragana Basics


Greetings and Introductions


Geography and History


Adjectives and Adverbs


Family and Social Relations


Religion and Philosophy


Particles and Conjunctions


Travel and Tourism


Education and Science


Prepositions and Interjections


Arts and Media


Politics and Society

Videos[edit | edit source]

Counting from 1 to 10 in Japanese - YouTube[edit | edit source]

【JLPT N5】How to Count Numbers - Counter | Japanese vocabulary[edit | edit source]

Numbers : How to count objects in Japanese - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Counting numbers from 1 to 10 in Japanese Lesson no.1 - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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