Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Counting-Numbers-and-Time"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Describing-People|◀️ Describing People — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Basic-Food-and-Drink-Terminology|Next Lesson — Basic Food and Drink Terminology ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Japanese-Page-Top}}
{{Japanese-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Japanese|Japanese]]  → [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Counting Numbers and Time</div>
Counting numbers and telling time are fundamental skills in any language, and Japanese is no exception. Mastering these concepts is crucial for engaging in daily conversations, shopping, scheduling activities, or simply understanding the flow of life around you. In this lesson, we'll explore the numbers from one to ten, as well as the tens, hundreds, and beyond, before moving on to how to express time. By the end, you’ll be able to count, tell time, and apply your knowledge in practical scenarios.


<div class="pg_page_title">Japanese Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Counting Numbers and Time</div>
Let’s dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Japanese language teacher for 20 years, I know that learning how to count numbers and tell time are essential in mastering any language, including Japanese. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of Japanese numbers and time, and how to use them in practical situations. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to count up to 100 and tell time in Japanese.
=== Importance of Counting and Time in Japanese ===
 
Understanding how to count and tell time in Japanese will enhance your conversational skills and make you feel more confident when interacting with native speakers. Whether you're ordering food, shopping, or making plans, these skills are essential. In addition, many cultural practices and traditions in Japan revolve around numbers and time, making this knowledge particularly valuable.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
This lesson is organized as follows:
 
1. '''Counting Numbers'''
 
* Basic Numbers (1-10)
 
* Tens and Hundreds
 
* Larger Numbers
 
2. '''Telling Time'''
 
* Basic Time Vocabulary
 
* How to Express Time
 
* Practice Scenarios


== Japanese Numbers ==
3. '''Exercises and Solutions'''


Japanese numbers use two number systems: one based on Chinese characters (kanji) and one based on the native Japanese (yamato) system. In order to count over 10 in the yamato system, the Chinese numbers are used as the base units (see table below).
== Counting Numbers ==
 
=== Basic Numbers (1-10) ===
 
Let's start with the basics: counting from one to ten. Here’s how to do it in Japanese.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Number !! Kanji !! Yamato
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 一 || いち (ichi) || One
 
|-
 
| 二 || に (ni) || Two
 
|-
 
| 三 || さん (san) || Three
 
|-
 
| 四 || し (shi) / よん (yon) || Four
 
|-
 
| 五 || ご (go) || Five
 
|-
 
| 六 || ろく (roku) || Six
 
|-
 
| 七 || しち (shichi) / なな (nana) || Seven
 
|-
 
| 八 || はち (hachi) || Eight
 
|-
|-
| 0 || 零 || れい (rei)
 
| 九 || きゅう (kyuu) / く (ku) || Nine
 
|-
|-
| 1 || 一 || いち (ichi)
 
| 十 || じゅう (juu) || Ten
 
|}
 
Notice that for four and seven, there are two readings. This is not uncommon in Japanese, and the alternative readings are often used to avoid confusion or for stylistic reasons.
 
=== Tens and Hundreds ===
 
Once you have the basics down, let's move on to the tens and hundreds. Here’s how to express those numbers:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| 2 || 二 || に (ni)
 
| 十一 || じゅういち (juuichi) || Eleven
 
|-
|-
| 3 || 三 || さん (san)
 
| 二十 || にじゅう (nijuu) || Twenty
 
|-
|-
| 4 || 四 || し (shi) / よん (yon)
 
| 三十 || さんじゅう (sanjuu) || Thirty
 
|-
|-
| 5 || 五 || ご (go)
 
| 四十 || よんじゅう (yonjuu) || Forty
 
|-
|-
| 6 || 六 || ろく (roku)
 
| 五十 || ごじゅう (gojuu) || Fifty
 
|-
|-
| 7 || 七 || しち (shichi) / なな (nana)
 
| 六十 || ろくじゅう (rokujuu) || Sixty
 
|-
|-
| 8 || 八 || はち (hachi)
 
| 七十 || ななじゅう (nanajuu) || Seventy
 
|-
|-
| 9 || 九 || きゅう (kyuu)
 
| 八十 || はちじゅう (hachijuu) || Eighty
 
|-
|-
| 10 || 十 || じゅう (juu)
 
| 九十 || きゅうじゅう (kyuujuu) || Ninety
 
|-
|-
| 100 || 百 || ひゃく (hyaku)
 
| 百 || ひゃく (hyaku) || One Hundred
 
|}
|}


To count numbers higher than 10 in Japanese, you simply combine the base units with the number 10 or 100. For example, to say 27, you would say にじゅうしち (nijuushichi), which means "two tens seven." Similarly, 108 would be pronounced as ひゃくはち (hyakuhachi), which means "one hundred eight."
To form numbers between 21 and 99, you combine the tens and the units. For example, 21 is 二十一 (にじゅういち, nijuuichi) and 45 is 四十五 (よんじゅうご, yonjuugo).
 
=== Larger Numbers ===
 
As you progress, you might need to express larger numbers. Here are some key terms:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 千 || せん (sen) || One Thousand
 
|-
 
| 万 || まん (man) || Ten Thousand
 
|-
 
| 億 || おく (oku) || One Hundred Million
 
|}


It's important to note that there are different counters (measure words) for different objects or people in Japanese, and they are used together with the numbers. For example, to count books, you would use the counter さつ (satsu), and to count people, you would use the counter にん (nin).
To express numbers like 1,234, you would say 一千二百三十四 (いっせんにひゃくさんじゅうよん, issennnihyakusanjūyon).  


== Telling Time ==
== Telling Time ==


Telling time in Japanese utilizes two numbering systems: one for the hours and one for the minutes. The hours are counted using the numbers from 1 to 12 and the suffix 時 (ji), which means "hour." The minutes, on the other hand, use the same numbering system as for counting, but with the suffix 分 (fun) or 分間 (bun kan), which means "minute" or "minutes."
=== Basic Time Vocabulary ===
 
Now let's move on to telling time. Here are some essential vocabulary words:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 時 || とき (toki) || Time/Hour
 
|-
 
| 分 || ふん (fun) || Minute
 
|-
 
| 秒 || びょう (byou) || Second
 
|-
 
| 午前 || ごぜん (gozen) || A.M.
 
|-
 
| 午後 || ごご (gogo) || P.M.
 
|}
 
=== How to Express Time ===
 
In Japanese, telling time typically follows the structure of [hour] 時 (toki) [minute] 分 (fun). For example:
 
* 3:00 is 三時 (さんじ, sanji)
 
* 4:30 is 四時半 (よじはん, yojihann) - "half" here means thirty minutes past the hour.
 
For times involving seconds, you simply add the seconds after the minutes. For instance:
 
* 5:15:30 is 五時十五分三十秒 (ごじじゅうごふんさんじゅうびょう, gojijūgofunsanjūbyou).
 
Here's a practical example: If it's 7:45 A.M., you'd say 午前七時四十五分 (ごぜんななじよんじゅうごふん, gozen nanaji yonjūgofun).
 
=== Practice Scenarios ===
 
Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some scenarios where you can apply what you've learned.
 
Here are ten practice exercises:
 
1. Count from one to ten in Japanese.
 
2. Write down how you would express the number 22 in Japanese.
 
3. Tell the time for 2:15 P.M. in Japanese.
 
4. What is 100 in Japanese?
 
5. How would you express the number 56 in Japanese?
 
6. What time is it if it is 9:30 A.M.?
 
7. Count from 11 to 20 in Japanese.
 
8. Write down how you would express 1,000 in Japanese.
 
9. What is the time if it is 12:45 P.M.?
 
10. How would you express 3:05 in Japanese?
 
=== Exercises and Solutions ===
 
Let’s go through the solutions together:
 
1. '''Counting from one to ten''':
 
* 一 (いち, ichi), 二 (に, ni), 三 (さん, san), 四 (し/よん, shi/yon), 五 (ご, go), 六 (ろく, roku), 七 (しち/なな, shichi/nana), 八 (はち, hachi), 九 (きゅう/く, kyuu/ku), 十 (じゅう, juu).
 
2. '''The number 22''':
 
* 二十二 (にじゅうに, nijuu ni).
 
3. '''The time 2:15 P.M.''':
 
* 午後二時十五分 (ごごにじじゅうごふん, gogo niji jūgofun).
 
4. '''The number 100''':
 
* 百 (ひゃく, hyaku).
 
5. '''The number 56''':
 
* 五十六 (ごじゅうろく, gojuuroku).


For example, 9:30 would be pronounced as くじはん (kuji han), which means "nine o'clock half." Similarly, 3:45 would be pronounced as さんじよんじゅうごふん (sanji yonjuugo fun), which means "three o'clock forty-five minutes."
6. '''The time 9:30 A.M.''':


It's worth mentioning that there are two ways to tell time in Japanese: the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock. The 24-hour clock uses the same counting system as the 12-hour clock, but with the suffix 時 (ji) omitted. For example, 9:30 PM would be pronounced as 21時30分 (nijuuiji sanjuppun), which means "21 o'clock thirty minutes."
* 午前九時三十分 (ごぜんくじさんじゅっぷん, gozen kuji sanjuppun).


== Practical Applications ==
7. '''Counting from 11 to 20''':


Knowing how to count numbers and tell time is essential in everyday life situations, such as telling the time, giving your phone number, counting money and prices, and ordering food and drinks.
* 十一 (じゅういち, juuichi), 十二 (じゅうに, juuni), 十三 (じゅうさん, juusan), 十四 (じゅうし, juushi), 十五 (じゅうご, juugo), 十六 (じゅうろく, juuroku), 十七 (じゅうしち, juushichi), 十八 (じゅうはち, juuhachi), 十九 (じゅうきゅう, juukyu), 二十 (にじゅう, nijuu).


Here are some common phrases and examples to get you started:
8. '''The number 1,000''':


* いくらですか？ (ikura desu ka?) - How much is it?
* 千 (せん, sen).
* おいくつですか？ (o-ikutsu desu ka?) - How old are you?
* 何時ですか？ (nanji desu ka?) - What time is it?
* 電話番号は090-1234-5678です。 (denwa bangou wa zero kyuu zero ichi ni san yon go roku shichi hachi desu.) - My phone number is 090-1234-5678.
* 二人です。 (futari desu.) - We are two people.
* 三つお願いします。 (mittsu onegaishimasu.) - Three please.


Practice using these phrases and examples in your daily conversations and interactions, and try to immerse yourself in Japanese culture as much as possible.
9. '''The time 12:45 P.M.''':


* 午後十二時四十五分 (ごごじゅうにじよんじゅうごふん, gogo juuniji yonjūgofun).


<span class='maj'></span>
10. '''The time 3:05''':
==Sources==
 
* [https://www.japanesepod101.com/blog/2020/07/31/telling-time-in-japanese/ Telling Time in Japanese - Everything You Need to Know]
* 三時五分 (さんじごふん, sanji gofun).
* [https://www.mondly.com/blog/count-in-japanese-a-complete-guide-to-japanese-numbers/ Count In Japanese - A Complete Guide To Japanese Numbers]
 
* [https://takelessons.com/blog/japanese-numbers-z05 Japanese Numbers: How to Count 1-10 in Kanji & Hiragana ...]
By practicing these counting numbers and time expressions, you will build a solid foundation in Japanese that you can use in everyday conversations. Remember to practice regularly, and don’t hesitate to engage with native speakers to enhance your learning experience!
* [https://www.optilingo.com/blog/japanese/the-pronunciation-counting-and-culture-of-japanese-numbers/ Japanese Numbers and Counting System | OptiLingo]
 
Here is an example below (use relevant title, keywords and description values)


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Japanese Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Counting Numbers and Time
 
|keywords=Japanese, vocabulary, greetings, introductions, counting, numbers, time
|title=Japanese Vocabulary Lesson on Counting Numbers and Time
|description=Learn how to count numbers and tell time in Japanese, and apply them in practical situations. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to count up to 100 and tell time in Japanese.
 
|keywords=numbers, counting, time, Japanese language, beginners, A1 Japanese, vocabulary, learning Japanese
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to count numbers and tell time in Japanese, along with practical applications and exercises to solidify your understanding.
 
}}
}}


{{Japanese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Japanese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
Line 87: Line 309:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Japanese-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Japanese-0-to-A1-Course]]
 
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 


==Videos==
==Videos==
Line 105: Line 326:




==Related Lessons==
 
==Sources==
* [https://www.japanesepod101.com/blog/2020/07/31/telling-time-in-japanese/ Telling Time in Japanese - Everything You Need to Know]
* [https://www.mondly.com/blog/count-in-japanese-a-complete-guide-to-japanese-numbers/ Count In Japanese - A Complete Guide To Japanese Numbers]
* [https://takelessons.com/blog/japanese-numbers-z05 Japanese Numbers: How to Count 1-10 in Kanji & Hiragana ...]
* [https://www.optilingo.com/blog/japanese/the-pronunciation-counting-and-culture-of-japanese-numbers/ Japanese Numbers and Counting System | OptiLingo]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Shellfish|Shellfish]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Shellfish|Shellfish]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Art-and-Literature-Terminology|Art and Literature Terminology]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Art-and-Literature-Terminology|Art and Literature Terminology]]
Line 116: Line 346:
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Constellations|Constellations]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Constellations|Constellations]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Basic-Workplace-and-Business-Terminology|Basic Workplace and Business Terminology]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Basic-Workplace-and-Business-Terminology|Basic Workplace and Business Terminology]]


{{Japanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Japanese-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Describing-People|◀️ Describing People — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Basic-Food-and-Drink-Terminology|Next Lesson — Basic Food and Drink Terminology ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 23:02, 31 July 2024

◀️ Describing People — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Basic Food and Drink Terminology ▶️

Japan-flag-Japanese-Lessons-PolyglotClub.png
Japanese → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Counting Numbers and Time

Counting numbers and telling time are fundamental skills in any language, and Japanese is no exception. Mastering these concepts is crucial for engaging in daily conversations, shopping, scheduling activities, or simply understanding the flow of life around you. In this lesson, we'll explore the numbers from one to ten, as well as the tens, hundreds, and beyond, before moving on to how to express time. By the end, you’ll be able to count, tell time, and apply your knowledge in practical scenarios.

Let’s dive in!

Importance of Counting and Time in Japanese[edit | edit source]

Understanding how to count and tell time in Japanese will enhance your conversational skills and make you feel more confident when interacting with native speakers. Whether you're ordering food, shopping, or making plans, these skills are essential. In addition, many cultural practices and traditions in Japan revolve around numbers and time, making this knowledge particularly valuable.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

This lesson is organized as follows:

1. Counting Numbers

  • Basic Numbers (1-10)
  • Tens and Hundreds
  • Larger Numbers

2. Telling Time

  • Basic Time Vocabulary
  • How to Express Time
  • Practice Scenarios

3. Exercises and Solutions

Counting Numbers[edit | edit source]

Basic Numbers (1-10)[edit | edit source]

Let's start with the basics: counting from one to ten. Here’s how to do it in Japanese.

Japanese Pronunciation English
一 いち (ichi) One
二 に (ni) Two
三 さん (san) Three
四 し (shi) / よん (yon) Four
五 ご (go) Five
六 ろく (roku) Six
七 しち (shichi) / なな (nana) Seven
八 はち (hachi) Eight
九 きゅう (kyuu) / く (ku) Nine
十 じゅう (juu) Ten

Notice that for four and seven, there are two readings. This is not uncommon in Japanese, and the alternative readings are often used to avoid confusion or for stylistic reasons.

Tens and Hundreds[edit | edit source]

Once you have the basics down, let's move on to the tens and hundreds. Here’s how to express those numbers:

Japanese Pronunciation English
十一 じゅういち (juuichi) Eleven
二十 にじゅう (nijuu) Twenty
三十 さんじゅう (sanjuu) Thirty
四十 よんじゅう (yonjuu) Forty
五十 ごじゅう (gojuu) Fifty
六十 ろくじゅう (rokujuu) Sixty
七十 ななじゅう (nanajuu) Seventy
八十 はちじゅう (hachijuu) Eighty
九十 きゅうじゅう (kyuujuu) Ninety
百 ひゃく (hyaku) One Hundred

To form numbers between 21 and 99, you combine the tens and the units. For example, 21 is 二十一 (にじゅういち, nijuuichi) and 45 is 四十五 (よんじゅうご, yonjuugo).

Larger Numbers[edit | edit source]

As you progress, you might need to express larger numbers. Here are some key terms:

Japanese Pronunciation English
千 せん (sen) One Thousand
万 まん (man) Ten Thousand
億 おく (oku) One Hundred Million

To express numbers like 1,234, you would say 一千二百三十四 (いっせんにひゃくさんじゅうよん, issennnihyakusanjūyon).

Telling Time[edit | edit source]

Basic Time Vocabulary[edit | edit source]

Now let's move on to telling time. Here are some essential vocabulary words:

Japanese Pronunciation English
時 とき (toki) Time/Hour
分 ふん (fun) Minute
秒 びょう (byou) Second
午前 ごぜん (gozen) A.M.
午後 ごご (gogo) P.M.

How to Express Time[edit | edit source]

In Japanese, telling time typically follows the structure of [hour] 時 (toki) [minute] 分 (fun). For example:

  • 3:00 is 三時 (さんじ, sanji)
  • 4:30 is 四時半 (よじはん, yojihann) - "half" here means thirty minutes past the hour.

For times involving seconds, you simply add the seconds after the minutes. For instance:

  • 5:15:30 is 五時十五分三十秒 (ごじじゅうごふんさんじゅうびょう, gojijūgofunsanjūbyou).

Here's a practical example: If it's 7:45 A.M., you'd say 午前七時四十五分 (ごぜんななじよんじゅうごふん, gozen nanaji yonjūgofun).

Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some scenarios where you can apply what you've learned.

Here are ten practice exercises:

1. Count from one to ten in Japanese.

2. Write down how you would express the number 22 in Japanese.

3. Tell the time for 2:15 P.M. in Japanese.

4. What is 100 in Japanese?

5. How would you express the number 56 in Japanese?

6. What time is it if it is 9:30 A.M.?

7. Count from 11 to 20 in Japanese.

8. Write down how you would express 1,000 in Japanese.

9. What is the time if it is 12:45 P.M.?

10. How would you express 3:05 in Japanese?

Exercises and Solutions[edit | edit source]

Let’s go through the solutions together:

1. Counting from one to ten:

  • 一 (いち, ichi), 二 (に, ni), 三 (さん, san), 四 (し/よん, shi/yon), 五 (ご, go), 六 (ろく, roku), 七 (しち/なな, shichi/nana), 八 (はち, hachi), 九 (きゅう/く, kyuu/ku), 十 (じゅう, juu).

2. The number 22:

  • 二十二 (にじゅうに, nijuu ni).

3. The time 2:15 P.M.:

  • 午後二時十五分 (ごごにじじゅうごふん, gogo niji jūgofun).

4. The number 100:

  • 百 (ひゃく, hyaku).

5. The number 56:

  • 五十六 (ごじゅうろく, gojuuroku).

6. The time 9:30 A.M.:

  • 午前九時三十分 (ごぜんくじさんじゅっぷん, gozen kuji sanjuppun).

7. Counting from 11 to 20:

  • 十一 (じゅういち, juuichi), 十二 (じゅうに, juuni), 十三 (じゅうさん, juusan), 十四 (じゅうし, juushi), 十五 (じゅうご, juugo), 十六 (じゅうろく, juuroku), 十七 (じゅうしち, juushichi), 十八 (じゅうはち, juuhachi), 十九 (じゅうきゅう, juukyu), 二十 (にじゅう, nijuu).

8. The number 1,000:

  • 千 (せん, sen).

9. The time 12:45 P.M.:

  • 午後十二時四十五分 (ごごじゅうにじよんじゅうごふん, gogo juuniji yonjūgofun).

10. The time 3:05:

  • 三時五分 (さんじごふん, sanji gofun).

By practicing these counting numbers and time expressions, you will build a solid foundation in Japanese that you can use in everyday conversations. Remember to practice regularly, and don’t hesitate to engage with native speakers to enhance your learning experience!

Here is an example below (use relevant title, keywords and description values)

Table of Contents - Japanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Hiragana Basics


Greetings and Introductions


Geography and History


Adjectives and Adverbs


Family and Social Relations


Religion and Philosophy


Particles and Conjunctions


Travel and Tourism


Education and Science


Prepositions and Interjections


Arts and Media


Politics and Society

Videos[edit | edit source]

Counting from 1 to 10 in Japanese - YouTube[edit | edit source]

【JLPT N5】How to Count Numbers - Counter | Japanese vocabulary[edit | edit source]

Numbers : How to count objects in Japanese - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Counting numbers from 1 to 10 in Japanese Lesson no.1 - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Describing People — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Basic Food and Drink Terminology ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Counting-Numbers-and-Time&oldid=294966"