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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/German|German]]  → [[Language/German/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/German/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Using Prepositions</div>
Welcome to the lesson on using prepositions in German! Prepositions are vital in any language, as they help us convey relationships between words in a sentence. In German, they can express time, place, direction, and much more. Understanding how to use prepositions correctly will significantly enhance your ability to communicate and construct meaningful sentences.


<div class="pg_page_title">German Grammar → Prepositions → Using Prepositions</div>
In this lesson, we'll explore the different types of prepositions, how they function with verbs and expressions, and provide numerous examples to illustrate their usage. We'll also engage in practical exercises to solidify your understanding.


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a beginner in learning German, it is important to understand the basics of grammar and how to use prepositions correctly. In this lesson, you will learn how to use prepositions with common verbs and expressions.
== Importance of Prepositions in German ==


Prepositions are small words, but they carry a lot of weight in communication. In German, prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence entirely, depending on their usage. For example, the German word "auf" (on) can imply different things when combined with various verbs and nouns.


<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/German/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] & [[Language/German/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
Here are a few reasons why mastering prepositions is essential:
== Introduction to Prepositions ==


Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. They can indicate location, direction, time, manner, and more. In German, prepositions can be either one word or two words, separated by a space.  
* '''Contextual Clarity:''' They help clarify the context of your statements.


Here are some common prepositions in German:
* '''Rich Vocabulary:''' Prepositions add depth to your vocabulary and expressions.
* aus (from)
* bei (at, with)
* durch (through)
* für (for)
* gegen (against)
* mit (with)
* nach (after, to)
* von (from, of)
* zu (at, to)
* über (about, above)


When using prepositions in German, it is important to know the grammatical cases of the nouns being used in the sentence. The case will determine which preposition to use, and how it will be used in the sentence.
* '''Sentence Structure:''' They are crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences.


== Prepositions with Verbs ==
== Types of Prepositions ==


Many verbs in German come with prepositions that change the meaning of the verb. Here are some examples:
In German, prepositions can be categorized into several types. Let’s break them down:


* denken an (to think about)
=== 1. Time Prepositions ===
* sprechen mit (to speak with)
* warten auf (to wait for)
* sich freuen auf (to look forward to)
* entschuldigen für (to apologize for)
* träumen von (to dream of)
* sich interessieren für (to be interested in)
* antworten auf (to answer to)
* glauben an (to believe in)


It is important to remember which preposition goes with which verb. Here are some examples of how these verbs are used in sentences:
These prepositions indicate time-related information.


{| class="wikitable"
* '''Examples:'''
! German !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
* "am" (on), "in" (in), "vor" (before), "nach" (after)
| Ich denke an dich. || Ish den-ke an dikh || I am thinking of you.
 
|-
=== 2. Place Prepositions ===
| Ich spreche mit meinem Lehrer. || Ish shpre-khe mit mai-nem lay-rer || I am speaking with my teacher.
 
|-
These prepositions relate to physical locations or positions.
| Ich warte auf den Bus. || Ish var-te owf den boos || I am waiting for the bus.
 
|-
* '''Examples:'''
| Ich freue mich auf das Wochenende. || Ish froy-e mich owf das vo-khen-ende || I am looking forward to the weekend.
 
|-
* "auf" (on), "unter" (under), "neben" (next to), "über" (above)
| Ich entschuldige mich für mein Verhalten. || Ish ent-shool-di-ge mich foor main ver-hal-ten || I apologize for my behavior.
 
|-
=== 3. Directional Prepositions ===
| Ich träume von einer Weltreise. || Ish troy-me fon ayner velt-ray-se || I am dreaming of a world trip.
 
|-
These prepositions indicate movement or direction.
| Ich interessiere mich für Kunst. || Ish in-te-ress-iere mich foor koost || I am interested in art.
 
|-
* '''Examples:'''
| Ich antworte auf deine Frage. || Ish ant-vor-te owf dih-ne frah-ge || I am answering your question.
 
|-
* "zu" (to), "nach" (to), "in" (into)
| Ich glaube an die Liebe. || Ish glaw-be an dee lee-be || I believe in love.
 
|}
=== 4. Other Common Prepositions ===
 
This category includes prepositions that don't fit neatly into the others.
 
* '''Examples:'''


== Prepositions with Nouns ==
* "mit" (with), "für" (for), "ohne" (without)


Nouns in German can also be used with prepositions. Here are some common examples:
== Using Prepositions with Common Verbs and Expressions ==


* der Name von (the name of)
To effectively use prepositions in German, it's crucial to learn them in context with common verbs and expressions. Below are some examples illustrating various prepositions in action.
* das Buch über (the book about)
* die Geschichte von (the history of)
* der Film über (the film about)
* die Angst vor (the fear of)
* die Freude über (the joy about)
* der Grund für (the reason for)
* das Geschenk für (the gift for)
* die Hilfe bei (the help with)


Here are some examples of how these nouns are used in sentences:
=== Examples of Prepositions with Verbs ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! German !! Pronunciation !! English
! German !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Was ist der Name von dem neuen Restaurant? || Vas ist der na-me fon dem noy-en res-tau-rant || What is the name of the new restaurant?
 
| warten auf || ˈvaʁtən aʊf || to wait for
 
|-
|-
| Ich lese das Buch über den Zweiten Weltkrieg. || Ish lay-ze das booch oo-ber den tsvay-ten velk-reek || I am reading the book about the Second World War.
 
| denken an || ˈdɛŋkən an || to think of
 
|-
|-
| Ich bin beeindruckt von der Geschichte von Beethoven. || Ish been bay-in-drukht fon der geshish-te fon Bay-to-ven || I am impressed by the history of Beethoven.
 
| sich freuen über || zɪç ˈfʁɔɪ̯ən ˈyːbɐ || to be happy about
 
|-
|-
| Der Film über das Unbekannte begeistert mich. || Der film oo-ber das oon-be-khan-te by-geist-ert mikh || The film about the unknown excites me.
 
| sprechen mit || ˈʃpʁɛçən mɪt || to talk with
 
|-
|-
| Ich habe Angst vor Spinnen. || Ish ha-be angst foor shpin-nen || I am afraid of spiders.
 
| teilnehmen an || ˈtaɪ̯lˌneːm ʔan || to take part in
 
|-
|-
| Ich habe Freude über den Erfolg meines Bruders. || Ish ha-be froy-de oo-ber den er-folg mai-nes broo-ders || I am happy about my brother's success.
 
| sich kümmern um || zɪç ˈkʏmɐn ʊm || to take care of
 
|-
|-
| Der Grund für meine Absage ist Privatsache. || Der grunnt foor mai-ne ab-sa-ge ist pree-wat-sa-khe || The reason for my cancellation is private.
 
| träumen von || ˈtʁɔʏ̯mən fɔn || to dream of
 
|-
|-
| Ich suche ein Geschenk für meine Mutter. || Ish zoo-khe ein ge-shenk foor mai-ne moo-ter || I am looking for a gift for my mother.
 
| lachen über || ˈlaχən ˈyːbɐ || to laugh about
 
|-
|-
| Ich brauche Hilfe bei meinen Hausaufgaben. || Ish brau-khe hil-fe bay mai-nen hows-owf-gah-ben || I need help with my homework.
|}


== Two-Way Prepositions ==
| sich bedanken bei || zɪç bɛˈdaŋkən baɪ̯ || to thank someone


In German, some prepositions can be used with both accusative and dative cases, depending on the context. These are called two-way prepositions. Here are some examples of two-way prepositions:
|-


* in (in)
| sich interessieren für || zɪç ɪntəʁɛˈziːʁən fyːɐ || to be interested in
* auf (on, upon)
* unter (under)
* über (above, over)
* hinter (behind)
* neben (next to)
* an (at, on, to)
* vor (before, in front of)


Here are some examples of how these prepositions are used with both cases:
|}
 
=== Examples of Prepositions with Expressions ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! German !! Pronunciation !! English
! German !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Der Hund ist in den Park gelaufen. || Der hund ist in den park gey-lauf-en || The dog ran into the park. (accusative)
 
| am Morgen || ʔam ˈmɔʁɡn || in the morning
 
|-
|-
| Der Hund ist im Park. || Der hund ist im park || The dog is in the park. (dative)
 
| im Sommer || ɪm ˈzɔmɐ || in the summer
 
|-
|-
| Das Bild hängt auf den Nagel. || Das bilt hangt oo-f den na-gel || The picture hangs on the nail. (accusative)
 
| nach der Arbeit || naχ deːɐ ˈaʁbaɪ̯t || after work
 
|-
|-
| Das Bild hängt an der Wand. || Das bilt hangt an der vand || The picture hangs on the wall. (dative)
 
| vor dem Essen || fɔːɐ deːm ˈɛsən || before lunch
 
|-
|-
| Ich lege die Tasse unter den Tisch. || Ish lay-ge dee tas-se un-ter den tish || I put the cup under the table. (accusative)
 
| mit Freunden || mɪt ˈfʁɔʏ̯ndən || with friends
 
|-
|-
| Ich liege unter der Sonne. || Ish lie-ge un-ter der son-ne || I am lying under the sun. (dative)
 
| für die Schule || fyːɐ diː ˈʃuːlə || for school
 
|-
|-
| Der Vogel fliegt über die Mauer. || Der fo-gel fligt oo-ber dee mau-er || The bird flies over the wall. (accusative)
 
| ohne Zweifel || ˈoːnə ˈt͡svaɪ̯fl || without a doubt
 
|-
|-
| Der Himmel ist über uns. || Der himel ist oo-ber uns || The sky is above us. (dative)
 
| über die Stadt || ˈyːbɐ diː ʃtat || about the city
 
|-
|-
| Das Buch ist hinter das Regal gefallen. || Das booch ist hin-ter das ray-gal ge-fal-len || The book fell behind the shelf. (accusative)
 
| bei der Arbeit || baɪ̯ deːɐ ˈaʁbaɪ̯t || at work
 
|-
|-
| Das Auto ist hinter dem Haus. || Das ow-to ist hin-ter dem house || The car is behind the house. (dative)
 
|-
| in der Schule || ɪn deːɐ ˈʃuːlə || in school
| Ich gehe neben den Supermarkt. || Ish gay-he ne-ben den soo-per-markt || I am walking next to the supermarket. (accusative)
 
|-
| Ich sitze neben meinem Bruder. || Ish sit-ze ne-ben mai-nem broo-der || I am sitting next to my brother. (dative)
|-
| Ich stehe vor die Tür. || Ish shtay-he foor dee tewr || I am standing in front of the door. (accusative)
|-
| Ich warte vor dem Kino. || Ish var-te foor dem kee-no || I am waiting in front of the cinema. (dative)
|}
|}
== Exercises ==
Now that we've explored prepositions in detail, it's time to practice! Below are ten exercises designed to help you apply your knowledge.
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
Complete the sentences with the appropriate prepositions.
1. Ich warte ___ dich. (for)
2. Sie denkt ___ ihre Familie. (of)
3. Wir sprechen ___ unseren Freunden. (with)
4. Er träumt ___ einem neuen Job. (of)
5. Sie freuen sich ___ das Geschenk. (about)
=== Exercise 2: Match the Verbs with Prepositions ===
Match the verbs on the left with the correct prepositions on the right.
1. sich interessieren
2. teilnehmen
3. sich freuen
4. warten
5. lachen
a. um 
b. an 
c. über 
d. auf 
e. für 
=== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ===
Translate the following sentences into German.
1. I am waiting for the bus.
2. She is happy about the news.
3. We are dreaming of a vacation.
4. He talks with his brother.
5. They are interested in music.
=== Exercise 4: True or False ===
Determine if the following statements are true or false.
1. "denken" always uses "an" as its preposition.
2. "sich kümmern" can use "um" or "über".
3. "freuen" is used with "für".
4. "teilnehmen" is used with "an".
5. "warten" can be used with "vor".
=== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ===
Write your own sentences using the following verbs and their corresponding prepositions.
1. sich bedanken
2. sprechen
3. träumen
4. lachen
5. sich interessieren
== Solutions and Explanations ==
Now, let’s go through the solutions for each exercise.
=== Exercise 1 Solutions ===
1. Ich warte '''auf''' dich.
2. Sie denkt '''an''' ihre Familie.
3. Wir sprechen '''mit''' unseren Freunden.
4. Er träumt '''von''' einem neuen Job.
5. Sie freuen sich '''über''' das Geschenk.
=== Exercise 2 Solutions ===
1. sich interessieren - b. an
2. teilnehmen - a. um
3. sich freuen - c. über
4. warten - d. auf
5. lachen - e. für
=== Exercise 3 Solutions ===
1. Ich warte '''auf''' den Bus.
2. Sie freut sich '''über''' die Nachrichten.
3. Wir träumen '''von''' einem Urlaub.
4. Er spricht '''mit''' seinem Bruder.
5. Sie interessieren sich '''für''' Musik.
=== Exercise 4 Solutions ===
1. True
2. False (it only uses "um")
3. False (it uses "über")
4. True
5. False (it uses "auf")
=== Exercise 5 Solutions ===
(Answers will vary; ensure sentences use the specified verbs and prepositions correctly.)


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


Prepositions are an important part of German grammar and can greatly affect the meaning of a sentence. Understanding prepositions and how to use them correctly can greatly improve your language skills. Keep practicing and don't be afraid to make mistakes!
Congratulations on completing this lesson on using prepositions in German! Remember, practice makes perfect. The more you use prepositions in context, the more natural your German will become. Don't hesitate to revisit this lesson as you progress in your learning journey. Keep practicing, and you'll master this essential aspect of the German language!


<span class='maj'></span>
{{#seo:
==Sources==
 
* [https://www.fluentin3months.com/german-prepositions/ German Prepositions - The Ultimate Guide (with Charts)]
|title=German Grammar: Using Prepositions
* [https://www.clozemaster.com/blog/german-prepositions/ All You Need to Know about German Prepositions]
 
* [https://www.fluentu.com/blog/german/german-prepositions/ The Ultimate Guide to Knitting Up German Sentences with ...]
|keywords=German Prepositions, German Grammar, Learn German, A1 German Course, Beginner German


|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use prepositions with common verbs and expressions in German, enhancing your communication skills.


<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-German|Past Participle in German]] & [[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense---Part-1---Perfect-Tense|Past Tense Part 1 Perfect Tense]].</span>
{{#seo:
|title=German Grammar: Prepositions - Using Prepositions
|keywords=German grammar, prepositions, German grammar lesson, using prepositions, German for beginners
|description=Learn how to use prepositions with common verbs and expressions in German. This lesson is part of a complete German course for beginners from 0 to A1 level.
}}
}}


{{German-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:German-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:German-0-to-A1-Course]]
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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www.fluentin3months.com/german-prepositions/ German Prepositions - The Ultimate Guide (with Charts)]
* [https://www.clozemaster.com/blog/german-prepositions/ All You Need to Know about German Prepositions]
* [https://www.fluentu.com/blog/german/german-prepositions/ The Ultimate Guide to Knitting Up German Sentences with ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
Line 187: Line 346:
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]


{{German-Page-Bottom}}
{{German-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/German/Vocabulary/Talking-About-Your-Friends|◀️ Talking About Your Friends — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/German/Grammar/Two-Way-Prepositions|Next Lesson — Two-Way Prepositions ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 18:23, 31 July 2024

◀️ Talking About Your Friends — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Two-Way Prepositions ▶️

German-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
German → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Using Prepositions

Welcome to the lesson on using prepositions in German! Prepositions are vital in any language, as they help us convey relationships between words in a sentence. In German, they can express time, place, direction, and much more. Understanding how to use prepositions correctly will significantly enhance your ability to communicate and construct meaningful sentences.

In this lesson, we'll explore the different types of prepositions, how they function with verbs and expressions, and provide numerous examples to illustrate their usage. We'll also engage in practical exercises to solidify your understanding.

Importance of Prepositions in German[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are small words, but they carry a lot of weight in communication. In German, prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence entirely, depending on their usage. For example, the German word "auf" (on) can imply different things when combined with various verbs and nouns.

Here are a few reasons why mastering prepositions is essential:

  • Contextual Clarity: They help clarify the context of your statements.
  • Rich Vocabulary: Prepositions add depth to your vocabulary and expressions.
  • Sentence Structure: They are crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences.

Types of Prepositions[edit | edit source]

In German, prepositions can be categorized into several types. Let’s break them down:

1. Time Prepositions[edit | edit source]

These prepositions indicate time-related information.

  • Examples:
  • "am" (on), "in" (in), "vor" (before), "nach" (after)

2. Place Prepositions[edit | edit source]

These prepositions relate to physical locations or positions.

  • Examples:
  • "auf" (on), "unter" (under), "neben" (next to), "über" (above)

3. Directional Prepositions[edit | edit source]

These prepositions indicate movement or direction.

  • Examples:
  • "zu" (to), "nach" (to), "in" (into)

4. Other Common Prepositions[edit | edit source]

This category includes prepositions that don't fit neatly into the others.

  • Examples:
  • "mit" (with), "für" (for), "ohne" (without)

Using Prepositions with Common Verbs and Expressions[edit | edit source]

To effectively use prepositions in German, it's crucial to learn them in context with common verbs and expressions. Below are some examples illustrating various prepositions in action.

Examples of Prepositions with Verbs[edit | edit source]

German Pronunciation English
warten auf ˈvaʁtən aʊf to wait for
denken an ˈdɛŋkən an to think of
sich freuen über zɪç ˈfʁɔɪ̯ən ˈyːbɐ to be happy about
sprechen mit ˈʃpʁɛçən mɪt to talk with
teilnehmen an ˈtaɪ̯lˌneːm ʔan to take part in
sich kümmern um zɪç ˈkʏmɐn ʊm to take care of
träumen von ˈtʁɔʏ̯mən fɔn to dream of
lachen über ˈlaχən ˈyːbɐ to laugh about
sich bedanken bei zɪç bɛˈdaŋkən baɪ̯ to thank someone
sich interessieren für zɪç ɪntəʁɛˈziːʁən fyːɐ to be interested in

Examples of Prepositions with Expressions[edit | edit source]

German Pronunciation English
am Morgen ʔam ˈmɔʁɡn in the morning
im Sommer ɪm ˈzɔmɐ in the summer
nach der Arbeit naχ deːɐ ˈaʁbaɪ̯t after work
vor dem Essen fɔːɐ deːm ˈɛsən before lunch
mit Freunden mɪt ˈfʁɔʏ̯ndən with friends
für die Schule fyːɐ diː ˈʃuːlə for school
ohne Zweifel ˈoːnə ˈt͡svaɪ̯fl without a doubt
über die Stadt ˈyːbɐ diː ʃtat about the city
bei der Arbeit baɪ̯ deːɐ ˈaʁbaɪ̯t at work
in der Schule ɪn deːɐ ˈʃuːlə in school

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've explored prepositions in detail, it's time to practice! Below are ten exercises designed to help you apply your knowledge.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the appropriate prepositions.

1. Ich warte ___ dich. (for)

2. Sie denkt ___ ihre Familie. (of)

3. Wir sprechen ___ unseren Freunden. (with)

4. Er träumt ___ einem neuen Job. (of)

5. Sie freuen sich ___ das Geschenk. (about)

Exercise 2: Match the Verbs with Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Match the verbs on the left with the correct prepositions on the right.

1. sich interessieren

2. teilnehmen

3. sich freuen

4. warten

5. lachen

a. um

b. an

c. über

d. auf

e. für

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into German.

1. I am waiting for the bus.

2. She is happy about the news.

3. We are dreaming of a vacation.

4. He talks with his brother.

5. They are interested in music.

Exercise 4: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the following statements are true or false.

1. "denken" always uses "an" as its preposition.

2. "sich kümmern" can use "um" or "über".

3. "freuen" is used with "für".

4. "teilnehmen" is used with "an".

5. "warten" can be used with "vor".

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write your own sentences using the following verbs and their corresponding prepositions.

1. sich bedanken

2. sprechen

3. träumen

4. lachen

5. sich interessieren

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s go through the solutions for each exercise.

Exercise 1 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Ich warte auf dich.

2. Sie denkt an ihre Familie.

3. Wir sprechen mit unseren Freunden.

4. Er träumt von einem neuen Job.

5. Sie freuen sich über das Geschenk.

Exercise 2 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. sich interessieren - b. an

2. teilnehmen - a. um

3. sich freuen - c. über

4. warten - d. auf

5. lachen - e. für

Exercise 3 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Ich warte auf den Bus.

2. Sie freut sich über die Nachrichten.

3. Wir träumen von einem Urlaub.

4. Er spricht mit seinem Bruder.

5. Sie interessieren sich für Musik.

Exercise 4 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. True

2. False (it only uses "um")

3. False (it uses "über")

4. True

5. False (it uses "auf")

Exercise 5 Solutions[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; ensure sentences use the specified verbs and prepositions correctly.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on using prepositions in German! Remember, practice makes perfect. The more you use prepositions in context, the more natural your German will become. Don't hesitate to revisit this lesson as you progress in your learning journey. Keep practicing, and you'll master this essential aspect of the German language!

Table of Contents - German Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Basic Sentence Structures


Greetings and Introduction


Definite and Indefinite Articles


Numbers, Dates and Time


Verbs and Conjugation


Family and Friends


Prepositions


Food and Drinks


Germany and German-Speaking Countries


Pronouns and Possessives


Travel and Transportation


Modal Verbs


Shopping and Clothes


Music and Entertainment


Adjectives


Health and Body


Time and Temporal Prepositions

Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Talking About Your Friends — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Two-Way Prepositions ▶️

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